Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Khamir dan Bakteri sebagai Agens Antagonis terhadap Penyebab Penyakit Blas pada Padi
Get PDFExploration of Yeasts and Bacteria as Antagonist Agent of Rice Blast PathogenBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is a major disease of rice that causes 61% yield losses. An alternative way to control the disease is applying antagonistic agents, both yeasts and bacteria. This study was aimed to obtain yeast and bacterial isolates that can be used as antagonistic agents to effectively control blast disease. Yeasts and bacteria were isolated from the leaves of Digitaria sp., Panicum sp., and Pennisetum sp.. The isolates of yeasts and bacteria were screened following hypersensitive test on tobacco leaves, direct planting method test on ‘Ciherang’ rice seed, and hemolysis test on blood agar medium. The isolates were also further assayed for their antagonism through dual culture test, volatile compound test, hyperparasitism test, and chitinolytic activity test. Three isolates of yeast, i.e. Cryptococcus sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Candida sp., and two bacterial isolates, i.e. Bacillus sp. and isolate PPY were identified as potential antagonists of P. oryzae
Deteksi Cepat Fusarium sp. pada Benih Kedelai Menggunakan Metode Spektroskopi Fluoresens
Get PDFRapid Detection Method for Fusarium sp. on Soybean Seed Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy MethodSeed borne pathogens play an important role as source of inoculum for disease in the field. Seed health testing is applied in order to prevent risks caused by seed borne pathogen. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential technology to be used as detection method for seed borne pathogen. Research was conducted to develop rapid detection protocol for seed borne pathogenic fungus by fluorescence spectroscopy method. The result showed that fluorescence spectroscopy could detect fluorescence emission of metabolite of Fusarium sp. after soybean seeds were incubated for 24 hr. Metabolite of Fusarium sp. produced cyan fluorescent at peak wavelength emission 504 nm when excited to violet light (405 nm). Fusarium sp. displayed typical fluorescence emission spectra which differ from fluorescence emission spectra of growth medium potato dextrose broth (PDB) (502 nm). It was evidenced that fluorescence spectroscopy method can be used to detect pathogenic seed borne fungi
Pengaruh Elektroterapi dan Termoterapi secara in Vitro terhadap Eliminasi Onion yellow dwarf virus
Get PDFInfection of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) are reported causing problems in garlic production. Planting virus-free bulbs might help reduce viral disease incidence in the field. This research was aimed to develop method for eliminating OYDV from garlic bulbs using combination of electrotherapy (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mA each for 10 minutes) and thermotherapy (23, 28, 33, 38°C each for 4 weeks). Two garlic cultivars, i.e. Sangga Sembalun and Lumbu Hijau were used as seed bulbs for OYDV elimination tests. Virus infection was confirmed using transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The result showed that thermotherapy at 33 °Cwas the best method to eliminate OYDV in garlic although the efficiency was not the same for all cultivars. The efficiency reached up to 60% for cv. Lumbu Hijau, whereas for cv. Sangga Sembalun only reached up to 40%. Electrotherapy alone or in combination with thermotherapy were not able to produce OYDV-free plantlets
Perlakuan Udara Panas untuk Pengendalian Perkecambahan Spora Tilletia indica pada Gandum
Get PDFKarnal bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Tilletia indica is a major concern in international trade because it can degrade quality significantly, and it is a quarantine pest for Indonesia. Tilletia infected seeds can be the source of fungal inoculum of other areas. The current research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of temperature and exposure time to control Tilletia using air heat treatment without reducing the quality of grain. The experiments were conducted in vitro, initiated by seed testing, including morphology-based detection and identification of Tilletia followed by a viability test of the seed. Air heat treatment was performed by adjusting the oven temperature at 75, 80, 85 °C and 28 °C (control) for 4 and 6 hr exposure time, each with three replications. The results showed that air heat treatment of the wheat at 75 °C for 4 hr was able to suppress teliospores germination of 56.7–61.7%, without denature protein content of the wheat.
Kemampuan Campuran Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma sp. untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tanaman Tomat
Get PDFAbility of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma sp. to Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt DiseaseRalstonia solanacearum is known as the causal agent of bacterial wilt on tomato. The bacteria may infect all stadia of plant growth and decrease tomato production. Biological control using antagonistic microbes is considered as a potential control alternative for the disease. This research was aimed to assay the ability of combination treatment of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma sp. in controlling R. solanacearum and its effect on growth and yield of tomato in the field. The treatments consisted of control (without antagonistic microbes), mixed combination of Bacillus sp. B8 + Bacillus sp. B11 + Trichoderma sp.; Bacillus sp. B8 + Pseudomonas flourescens P8 + Trichoderma sp.; and Streptomisin sulfat 20%. Antagonistic microbes was applied at planting time, as much as 100 mL per plant. The result showed that mixed combination of Bacillus sp. B8 + Bacillus sp. B11 + Trichoderma sp. was the best treatment in controlling the disease as indicated by delaying incubation period up to 6.2 days, decreasing disease incidence up to 12.3%, increasing plant growth up to 42.80%, and increasing yield up to 14.99%
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 13 No. 5, September 2017
No full textEditor Jurnal Fitopatologi IndonesiaDOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.13.5.i
Uji In Vitro Asap Cair terhadap Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis Penyebab Penyakit Darah pada Pisang
Get PDFIn Vitro Test of Liquid Smoke against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. Celebesensis, the Cause of Blood Disease in Bananas Blood disease, caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, is an important disease of banana plants in Indonesia. Several control methods have been done, but the result were not effective. Liquid smoke from wood waste is reported to be antimicrobial, but its use for controlling R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis has never been reported. Research was conducted to examine the ability of liquid smoke produced from coconut shell (CS-LS), pinecone (P-LS), and oil palm branch (OPB-LS) in inhibiting the growth of R. syzygii subsp. celebensensis in vitro and its effect on bacterial cell morphology. Efficacy test of liquid smoke was carried out by agar diffusion method and measurement of bacterial density by spectrophotometry with ʎ 600 nm. Observation of bacterial cell morphology was carried out by electron microscopy. The CS-LS, P-LS, and OPB-LS starting from 0.5% concentration showed inhibitory activity against R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis both on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium and luria bertani broth. Liquid smoke also caused damage to cell walls and cell membranes. Therefore, liquid smoke has the potential to be used as component in control method for R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis
Deteksi dan Identifikasi Nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi dari Benih Padi
Get PDFDetection and Identification of Aphelenchoides besseyi from Rice SeedsAphelenchoides besseyi is an important plant parasitic nematode on rice and causes yield loss up to 54%. The nematodes are able to survive for 8 months to 3 years after harvest and can be transmitted through seeds. The research was conducted to determine infestation of A. besseyi on seeds of five rice cultivars, namely Pak Tiwi 1, IR64, Ciherang, IPB 3S, and SL 8 SHS; and to identify A. besseyi by morphological and molecular techniques using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and nucleotide sequensing. The nematodes were extracted from 5 g seeds of each cultivar by modified Baermann funnel method. Morphological identification was done by observing semipermanent slide of adult nematodes. Molecular identification by PCR used universal primers to amplify ITS rDNA followed by nucleotide sequencing. The result showed that A. besseyi were found on 5 rice cultivars in varies numbers. A. besseyi has specific morphological character, i.e. it has 2–4 mucro (tail tip) arranged in a star shaped that can be distinguished from other species. DNA fragments with approximately 830 bp in length was successfully amplified. Further nucleotide sequence analysis showed that A. besseyi Indonesia (isolate Pak Tiwi 1) had the higest homology level of 98.1% with A. besseyi isolat India Drr Ab 1 and Kolkata, 98.0% with India Hyderabad, 97.8% with China HB, 97.7% with Taiwan HW, and 97.5% with Cina AB11
Identifikasi Gen elF4G asal Oryza rufipogon pada Padi Varietas Inpari HDB dan Inpari Blas
Get PDFWild rice accession Oryza rufipogon is known as a source of tungro resistance genes and has been used to develop tungro resistant varieties, especially against rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). However the genes have not been identified yet. Previously, an eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor (eIF4G) was identified as a putative gene associated with recessive resistance gene against RTSV in Utri Merah variety. The research was aimed to detect and identify the eIF4G gene on rice var.Inpari HDB and var. Inpari Blas using specific primer that was designed based on Utri Merah eIF4G gene sequences. The resistance respons of both Inpari varieties and O.rufipogon against 3 tungro virus isolates were conducted in the green house trial. Assays were done based on international rice testing nursery according to IRRI. The eIF4G gene is amplified by PCR and the amplicon was directly sequenced, then analysed in silico. The results showed that all 3 varieties are classified as resistant against tungro virus isolates. PCR was successfully amplified the eIF4G gene with size ~300 bp in both of varieties and their parent O. rufipogon. The nucleotides homology of eIF4G among those 2 varieties and O. rufipogon is up to 100%, while the homology to Utri Merah was 93%. There were 4 nucleotides deletion and 16 nucleotides differences between Utri Merah and those 2 varieties and O. rufipogon, respectively. Those nucleotide differences lead to deletion of 1 amino acid and 4 amino acids different between both Inpari varieties and O.rufipogon in comparison with corresponding amino acid in Utri Merah.
Keanekaragaman dan Patogenisitas Fusarium spp. Asal Beberapa Kultivar Pisang
Get PDFFusarium wilt disease caused by pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense is an important disease in banana plants. This research was aimed to identifiy Fusarium spp. collected from banana plants showing wilt disease based on morphology and molecular characters. The fungi isolates obtained was further examined for its pathogenicity and distribution in various parts of banana plants. Based on morphological characters, i.e. growth rate, total conidia, colony color, macroconidium, microconidium, and chlamydospores, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense can be differentiated from other species of Fusarium, but not the strain. Molecular analysis using specific primers VCG 01213/16 and Foc1/Foc 2 successfully identified 13 and 7 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 and F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense non TR4, respectively. Analysis using universal primer ITS4/ITS5 identified 7 isolates of F. solani, 1 isolate of F. verticillioides, and 2 isolates non Fusarium. Infection of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 and non-TR4 were found mostly in pseudo stems, whereas F. solani and F. verticillioides dominantly colonized banana corm. Pathogenicity test showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 and non-TR4 caused necrosis on corm of cv. Ambon Kuning. Similar necrosis symptom was also observed on infection of F. solani but with less severity