Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
Not a member yet
412 research outputs found
Sort by
Keefektifan Asap Cair dan Elektroterapi untuk Mengeliminasi Infeksi Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pada Benih Padi
Get PDFThe Effectiveness of Liquid Smoke and Electrotherapy to Eliminate Infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice SeedBacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a seed-borne disease that can reduce the productivity of rice. Alternative treatments that have not been widely developed is application of liquid smoke and electrotherapy. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of liquid smoke and electrotherapy and their combinations to eliminate X. oryzae pv. oryzae without damaging seed quality. The study consisted of three experimental stages: (1) Liquid smoke treatment on the viability of the bacteria and rice seeds; (2) Electrotherapy treatment on the viability of bacteria and rice seeds; (3) Combination of liquid smoke and electrotherapy treatment in bacteria-infected rice seed. The results showed that liquid smoke concentration (5% for 30 minutes) was able to reduce 83.33% population of X. oryzae pv.oryzae on rice seeds with 94.33% seed vigor, 98.00% germination, and time required to achieve 50% of total seed emergence (T50) of 3.13 days. Electrotherapy treatment (400 mA for 20 minutes) was not only eliminated X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice seeds up to 100% but also maintained seed vigor 81.67%, germination 89.33%, and T50 3.47 days. Electrotherapy treatment (400 mA for 20 minutes) followed by immersion of infected rice seeds in liquid smoke concentration (1% for 30 minutes) could reduce 94.59% bacteria population while maintaining 86.00% seed germination. Treatment of electrotherapy (400 mA for 20 minutes) followed by immersion seeds into liquid smoke concentration (5% for 30 minutes) could reduce bacterial population up to 100%, but caused phytotoxicity effect to the seedling
Mikobiota pada Buah Pisang Kultivar Lampung untuk Pengendalian Hayati Fusarium semitectum
Get PDFFusarium semitectum is a pathogenic fungus causing fruit rot of banana fruits. Biological control agents have been used as an alternative to control postharvest diseases. The objective of this study was to test antagonistic potential of mycobiota of banana fruits (Musa cuminata cultivar Lampung) against F. semitectum BIO 91055. The tested fungi were isolated from healthy banana cultivar Lampung collected from Gembrong market located in Bogor using serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method. Test of antagonism activity was carried out using dual culture method. Seventeen fungal isolates were isolated, they consisted of 14 filamentous fungal isolates and 3 yeast isolates. Four filamentous fungal isolates inhibited the growth of F. semitectum BIO 91055 more than 70%, they were Aspergillus niger, Cercosporella sp., Plectosphaerella sp., and Trichoderma hamatum. Three isolates (Cercosporella sp., Plectosphaerella sp., and Trichoderma hamatum) did not cause any diseases of banana fruits and they were considered as potential biocontrol agents
Penyakit Bercak Kuning Ubi Jalar di Bogor, Jawa Barat
Get PDFYellow Spot Disease on Sweet Potato in Bogor, West JavaYellow spot symptom on sweet potato red cultivar was observed in Cikarawang and Leweung kolot area, Bogor regency. Symptomatic leaf samples gave positive reaction in serological detection by DIBA method using polyclonal antiserum for Potyvirus. DNA fragment of ± 700 bp in length was successfully amplified by RT-PCR using degenerate primer for cylindrical inclusion gene (CI) of Potyvirus. Further nucleotide sequence analysis indicated high homology to Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV). The homology of SPFMV Cikarawang (Crkw) isolate ranging from 89–98% to several isolates from other countries with the highest homology to Japan and Spain isolates. SPFMV Crkw isolate was in the same cluster with the Japan and Spain isolates based on phylogenetic analysis of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. This is the first report of SPFMV on sweet potato in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Karakterisasi Molekuler Papaya ringspot virus tipe P pada Tanaman Mentimun di Jawa
Get PDFMoleculer Characterization of Papaya ringspot virus type P on Cucumber in JavaInfection of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) on cucumber plants showing mosaic symptom was detected using specific antibody. Further investigation was conducted to determine molecular characters and status of PRSV infecting cucumber in Java. Infection of PRSV was detected from leaf samples collected from the field using dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). Disease frequency caused by PRSV infection reached 81.11%, 95.86%, 91.66%, and 92.3% in East Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and West Java, respectively. Characterization of PRSV isolates was conducted by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for PRSV-P and PRSV-W, followed by cloning, and DNA sequencing. DNA fragment of 470 bp was successfully amplified using specific primers for PRSV-P from several samples from Nganjuk, Brebes, Kulon Progo, and Subang; but no amplification was achieved using specific primers for PRSV-W. Nucleotide and amino acid analysis showed high homology among PRSV-P isolates from Nganjuk, Brebes, Kulon Progo, and Subang, i.e. 98.6%-99.7% and 99.3%-100%, respectively. This is an indication of a low genetic variation among PRSV-P from Java. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated that PRSV-P isolate cucumber is in the same cluster with PRSV-P isolate papaya from Bali, Indonesia. This is the first report of PRSV-P infecting cucumber in Indonesia
Penghambatan Fusarium oxysporum oleh Kultur Filtrat Bakteri Endofit dari Tanaman Kedelai secara in Vitro
Get PDFSeed borne pathogen play an important role as source of inoculum for disease incidence in the field and it becomes a major constraint in certified seed production. Research was conducted to isolate potential endophytic bacteria from soybean plants and evaluate its culture filtrate for inhibition effect of seedborne fungi on soybean seed, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum. The result showed that out of forty eight endophytic bacteria isolates that were nonpathogenic, there were three potential isolates that can inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum, i.e. EDA 3, EBA 6, and EBA 7 with percent inhibition of 60.14%, 57.69%, and 57.08%, respectively. The filtrate culture of EBA 7 showed the highest inhibition (34.88%) by in vitro test. Therefore, those three isolates of endophytic bacteria might be used as biocontrol agent to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum
Penggunaan Bakteri Kitinolitik sebagai Pengendali Hayati Colletotrichum capsici pada Tanaman Cabai
Get PDFUse of Chitinolytic Bacteria as Biological Control of Colletotrichum capsici on Chili PlantsColletotrichum capsici is known as the causal agent of anthracnose disease in chili plant and may cause reduction of crop yield. Chitinolytic bacteria, namely Serratia marcescens KAHN 15.12, Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12, and BAE 36 were reported to have antagonistic activity against C. capsici. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the potential of chitinolytic bacteria on controlling C. capsici on chili plants in greenhouse experiment. Three bacterial isolates used as biocontrol agent was formulated by using talcum as carrier materials. The methodologies consisted of characterization of bacterial isolates, formulation of biocontrol agent, viability test of bacterial isolate, efficacy of biocontrol agents in the laboratory and in the greenhouse. Disease severity in the laboratory reached 64% when chili treated with isolate formulation of BAE 36. In the greenhouse, BAE 36 isolate formulation and consortium formulation were able to suppress infection of C. capsici; each was indicated by disease incidence of 25% and 50%, respectively. These results indicated that chitinolytic bacterial formulations could be potencial as biocontrol agents of C. capsici
Kemampuan Mikrob Endofit dan Rizosfer Tanaman Karet dalam Mengendalikan Rigidoporus lignosus
Get PDFRigidoporus lignosus is the most important pathogen of rubber tree which causes white root rot disease. The use of antagonistic microbe is recommended to control this pathogen. This research was conducted to isolate endophytic and rhizospheric microbes, and to study their ability to inhibit growth of R. lignosus. Research consisted of isolation of endophytic and rhizospheric microbes, pathogenicity test, in vitro and in vivo assays, growth promotion assays, and identification. There were 99 isolates of bacteria and 18 isolates of fungi isolated from the root and rhizosphere of rubber trees. In vitro and in vivo assay showed that 2 bacterial isolates, i.e. endophytic bacteria ME8, and rhizospheric bacteria MR3; and 3 fungal isolates, i.e. endophytic fungi CB8, CB6, and CL3 were able to inhibit the growth of R. lignosus. Endophytic bacteria ME8 showed the ability of solibilizing phosphate and fixing nitrogen. Rhizospheric bacteria MR3 showed the ability of solubilizing phosphate. The isolates CB6 and CL3 were very similar with Chaetomium sp. and Penicillium sp., respectively based on morphological characters; while CB8 was identified as mycelial sterile. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, endophytic bacterium ME8 and rhizospheric bacteria ME3 were identified as Bacillus siamensis B268 and B. amylolyquefaciens BCRh10, respectively. Endophytic and rhizospheric microbes isolated from rubber trees has the potency as biocontrol agents of R. lignosus
Potensi Cendawan Endofit sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Phytophthora capsici) pada Bibit Cabai
Get PDFStem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi in the suspension was 2.8 × 106 cfu mL-1. The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the root (26–60%) than in the stem (20–40%). Fusarium strain MAGR1 has the highest level of endophytic colonization i.e. 60% compared to others. Based on in vivo assay, six endophytic fungi isolates, i.e. Fusarium strain MAGR1, Penicillium strain MAG1, Penicillium strain PAB2, sterile hyphae HAJ1, sterile hyphae HAJ2, and sterile hyphae PBG7, showed the potency to control stem rot disease with inhibition level of 25.5–35.5
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 13 No. 6, November 2017
No full textDOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.13.6.i
Aplikasi Gelombang Mikro sebagai Pengendali Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Kedelai
Get PDFOne of the obstacles in providing high quality soybean (Glycine max) seed is the infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Micro wave treatment is one of the alternative methods to control the seed-borne pathogens effectively but it needs to be further developed. This research consisted of two stages. The first stage was aimed to determine the best soybean seed moisture content in maintaining seed physiological quality after exposing to micro wave. The second stage was aimed to determine the most effective duration of micro wave exposure to reduce the rate of infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens using the best moisture content resulted from the first stage. The experiment on seed moisture indicated that 9.20% was the best seed moisture content in maintaining the physiological quality when the seed was exposed to micro wave. Furthermore, micro wave exposure of 60 seconds was able to control Aspergillus flavus, while the exposure of 80 seconds was able to control Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., and A. niger