Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Pengaruh Beberapa Khamir Antagonis terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa dan Umur Simpan pada Buah Mangga
Get PDFEffect of Various Yeasts Antagonists on Anthracnose Disease and the Shelf Life of MangoPostharvest decay on mango may occur due to physiological damage and/or postharvest disease especially anthracnose. This postharvest decay may decrease the quality of mango fruit. The use of antagonists yeast as biocontrol agent is an alternative control measure for postharvest diseases of fruits. This study aimed to screen yeast species as biological control agents and in the same time delaying the maturity of fruits to extend its shelf life. Six isolates of yeasts were evaluated, namely Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus terreus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Rhodotorula minuta, Candida tropicalis, Pseoudozyma hubeiensis); fungicides treatment using azoksistrobin was applied for comparative treatment. The study was conducted at two temperature conditions, namely room temperature and 15 ° C. It was evidenced that C. albidus, A. pullulans, and C. tropicalis were effective to control anthracnose disease on mango under both temperatures. Furthermore, C. tropicalis and A. pullulans were able to extend manggo shelf life for 21 days at room temperature and for 54 days at 15 °C, respectively
Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Agens Hayati dari Imperata cylindrica untuk pengendalian Rigidoporus microporus
Get PDFExploration and Characterization of Biological Agents Bacteria from Imperata cylindrica for Controlling Rigidoporus microporusWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is an important disease in rubber plantation. This pathogen causes damage to roots, thus adversely affect plant growth and productivity of rubber plantation. Therefore controling of this pathogen is important to do. The objective of this research was to obtain biological agents bacteria from the various parts of alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) which have inhibitory activity against the growth of R. microporus The research was conducted through exploration of biological agents from the various parts of alang-alang, antibiosis activity test, and characterization of potential isolates. Based on antibiosis activity test, seven isolates (Rph 7, Rph 8, Rph 15 Rph 17, 15, E47, and isolate 47) showed antibiosis activity against R. microporus. Suppression activity of R. microporus growth by seventh of potential isolates ranged between 26.7-58.9%. The highest inhibition was demonstrated by isolate 47 suspected leaf endophytic bacteria. Seventh of potential isolates are Gram-positive bacterial that can form spores. The biological agen’s bacterial dominated by isolates from the reeds rhizosphere. This result indicates that rhizosphere is a potentialy source in the exploration of biological agents. In addition, R. microporus is a soil-borne pathogen which colonizes the roots therefore exploration from rhizosphere samples allows obtaining potential biological agents
Seleksi Komposisi Medium Pertumbuhan dan Bahan Pembawa untuk Formulasi Cendawan Agens Hayati Fusarium oxysporum Non-Patogenik P21a
Get PDFSelection of Compositions of Growth Medium and Carriers for Formulation of Biological Agents of Non-Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum P21aThe potency of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum P21a (NPFo P21a) as a biological control agent has prospect to be developed commercially. The growth medium and carrier are the critical factor to formulate biological control. This study aimed to obtain the best solid medium dan lighting type for mycelium growth and sporulation as well as to determine the carrier and storage temperature which is suitable for NPFo P21a toward the survival of propagule and germination of shallot. The results showed that M2 medium treatment (rice grain:rice bran; 20:1 w/w) was the best medium for mycelium growth. The M3 medium treatment (20:2 w/w) was the best medium for sporulation of NPFo P21a. The near-UV lighting treatment was able to stimulate the macroconidium production of NPFo P21a. Talc-based formulation and the storage at 20 °C showed the best shelf-life for NPFo P21a with density of viable propagule and shallot germination better
Kanker Batang: Penyakit Baru pada Kopi di Lampung
Get PDFStem Canker: A New Disease of coffee in LampungStem cancer is a new disease that has attacked smallholder coffee plantations in Lampung since 2010. The cause of the disease was unknown. This study aims to describe the symptoms of the disease, the incidence of the disease in the affected plantation, and identify morphologically and molecularly the canker pathogens of the coffee stem canker diseases. All stages of Koch’s postulate were carried out in laboratories and greenhouses. The isolated pathogens were morphologically characterized by colony shape and color as well as the conidia shape and size. Molecular identification was carried out by using a general primer (ITS1 and ITS4) and followed by sequencing. The main symptoms of the disease are stem cancer and dieback, as well as more infecting older plants. Pathogen of the coffee stem canker disease that attacks coffee plants in Lampung has been identified as Fusarium solani which has 99% homology with F. solani KY245947.1
Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bibit Akor yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Patogen Terbawa Benih
Get PDFGrowth and Development of Inoculated in Northern Black Wattle Seedling with Seed Borne Bacterial PathogensNorthern black wattle (Acacia auriculiformis) is a fast growing species that has multipurpose benefits such as pulpwood, solid wood, firewood, charcoal and pellet. Seed-borne bacterial pathogens were reported to reduce seed germination and seedling growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of seed borne bacterial pathogen of A. auriculiformis on seed germination and 12 weeks-old seedling growth. Bacterial seed inoculation was performed by soaking the seed into respective bacterial suspension for 2 hours. The tested bacteria were Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Escherichia hermannii, Paenochrobactrum sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia sp., and Salmonella bongori. The results showed that all tested bacteria could reduce seed germination, but those does not affect seedling growth significantly. All tested bacteria excluding Acinetobacter sp. could inhibit seedling growth and development
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 15 No. 1, Januari 2019
No full textEditorial ini berisi cover depan, halaman redaksi dan cover belakang Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, Volume 15, No. 1, Januari 2019
Penggunaan Pelacak DNA untuk Deteksi Papaya ringspot virus dengan Metode Hibridisasi Asam Nukleat
Get PDFUse of DNA Probe for Detection of Papaya ringspot virus Using Nucleic Acid Hybridization MethodPapaya ringspot caused by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is one of the most destructive diseases of papaya. The disease had not been found in Indonesia, until disease outbreak in Nangroe Aceh Darussalam was reported in 2012. Since then, the disease spread rapidly in most papaya growing areas in Sumatera, Java and Bali. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is generally detected using serological or polymerase chain reaction methods. Improvement in detection method is necessary to facilitate a more reliable tool for controlling the spread of PRSV. The aim of the research was to construct DNA probe for development of detection method based on nucleic acid hybridization. Molecular characterization based on HCPro gene sequence indicated high homology (97.88 to 99.05%) among PRSV isolates from Boyolali (Central Java), Medan (North Sumatera), Sleman (Yogyakarta) and Tabanan (Bali). Two DNA clones of HCPro gene were selected for probe construction and the probes were then labeled using PCR DIG-dioxigenin. Optimization of nucleic acid dot blot hybridization method to achieve strongest positive reaction was developed, i.e. using stringency washes at 1×SSC, 0.1% SDS, incubation at 60 oC for 15’. The DNA probe for PRSV has a high specificity and sensitifity; it could detect PRSV at the lowest concentration of nucleic acid (0.062 µg µL-1)
Ekstrak Tanaman Binahong sebagai Pengendali Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun Padi
Get PDFBinahong Extract for Controlling Sheath Blight Disease of Rice PaddySheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an important disease that can affect rice production. The disease is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides. This study was aimed to test the potential of binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia) as botanical fungicide to inhibit the growth of R. solani and the development of blight disease on rice seedlings. The research was conducted in 2 stages, i.e. in vitro and rice seedling testing. In vitro test was carried out on PDA medium containing different concentrations of binahong leaf extract (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Rice seedling testing was completed by soaking rice seeds in five concentrations of binahong leaf extract followed by inoculation of R. solani. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. The variables observed consist of inhibitory ability of binahong leaf extract, colony morphology of R. solani, and disease incidence. Binahong leaf extract inhibited 35.2% growth of R. solani colonies. Treatment of binahong leaf extract had some effects on mycelium of R. solani; macroscopically the mycelium was shorter, thinner and congregated, whereas microscopically it was smaller, elongated and tended to be colourless compared to control. The treatment of 2% binahong leaf extract on rice seeds decreased the incidence of seedling blight disease with the effectiveness reached 100%. Thus, binahong leaf extract has the potential to suppress sheath blight disease caused by R. solani
Metabolit Bakteri Endofit Asal Tanaman Kacang Tanah sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus
Get PDFeanut (Arachis hypogeae) is considered as important crop in Indonesia and domestic demands to peanut tend to increase recently. Infection of fungal seedborne, Aspergillus flavus, may downgrade peanut seed quality. Research was conducted to evaluate the application of secondary metabolite produced by endophytic bacteria for controlling A. flavus. The methodologies involved isolation A. flavus and endophytic bacteria from the plant tissue of peanut, hypersensitive test of endophytic bacteria, inhibition test of endophytic bacteria against A. flavus, extraction and examination of secondary metabolite from endophytic bacteria, seed treatment using extracted secondary metabolite, and molecular identification of the bacteria. Based on hypersensitive test, 37 isolates of endophytic bacteria were identified as non pathogenic. Further screening by dual culture test found 3 isolates with high inhibition activity, i.e. BE2B2-1 (71.64%), BE2B2-2 (69.05%), and BE2B2-5 (62.25%). Molecular identification based on nucleotide sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that BE2B2-1, BE2B2-2, and BE2B2-5 were Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Acinetobacter sp., respectively. Metabolite from Enterobacter sp. has the highest antimicrobial activity (61.70%) against A. flavus in in vitro test, highest infection inhibition (77.22%) in growing-on test, and highest increasing of seed germination rate (4.25%). This finding indicated the potential of secondary metabolites from endophyte bacteria to suppress infestation of A. flavus
Eksplorasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Padi Sawah sebagai Agens Pengendali Penyakit Blas pada Padi Sawah
Get PDFBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) in Indonesia is initially known to cause problem on upland rice, but since 2000’s blast disease was also reported occurred on lowland rice. Application of endophytic fungi is very potential to be used as disease control method. This study was conducted to isolates endophytic fungi from lowland rice, and determine its capability to reduce blast disease severity. Isolation of endophytic fungi was done from root, tiller, and the leaves of lowland rice. Kencana Bali variety was used for in vivo inhibition test due to its most susceptible response against P. oryzae. Forty seven endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from Bogor, Sukabumi and Blitar. Based on colony morphology, endophytic fungi can be differentiated into 9 morphotype. Four out of fourteen endophytic fungi showed antibiosis activity in in vitro inhibition test against P. oryzae. Inhibition test conducted on Kencana Bali variety in the green house showed that four isolates was able to suppress blast disease development by 30-70%