Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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ERRATUM: ERRATUM
Full text linkErratum pada artikel:
Hartati S, Meliansyah R, Mayanti T. 2024. Potensi Senyawa Volatil dari Khamir untuk Mengendalikan Cercospora coffeicola. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.1-14.
Fauziyah Q, Ramdan EP, Risnawati R, Yulianti F. 2024. Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas terhadap Benih Kedelai Terinfeksi Xanthomonas axonopodis. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):17-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.15-23.
Kurniawati F, Supramana, Hidayat SH, Tondok ET, Syafutra H. 2024. Perbanyakan Nematoda Daun Aphelenchoides fragariae pada Biakan Cendawan. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):26-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.24-31.
Pada versi asli artikel ini, gaya selingkung untuk judul dan keterangan pada tabel dan gambar hanya tertulis dalam bahasa Indonesia. Perubahan gaya selingkung telah dilakukan pada seluruh tabel dan gambar, yaitu dengan judul dan keterangan dalam bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, terdapat perubahan nomor halaman terhadap tiga artikel di atas, yaitu:
Nomor halaman untuk artikel Hartati S, Meliansyah R, Mayanti T. 2024. Potensi Senyawa Volatil dari Khamir untuk Mengendalikan Cercospora coffeicola. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.1-14 tertulis “1-14” diubah menjadi “1-16’.
Nomor halaman untuk artikel Fauziyah Q, Ramdan EP, Risnawati R, Yulianti F. 2024. Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas terhadap Benih Kedelai Terinfeksi Xanthomonas axonopodis. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):17-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.15-23 tertulis “15-23” diubah menjadi “17-25”.
Nomor halaman untuk artikel Kurniawati F, Supramana, Hidayat SH, Tondok ET, Syafutra H. 2024. Perbanyakan Nematoda Daun Aphelenchoides fragariae pada Biakan Cendawan. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):26-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.24-31 tertulis “24-31” diubah menjadi “26-33”
Perbaikan telah dilakukan di situs web dan versi artikel PDF.Erratum to:
Hartati S, Meliansyah R, Mayanti T. 2024. Potensi Senyawa Volatil dari Khamir untuk Mengendalikan Cercospora coffeicola. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.1-14.
Fauziyah Q, Ramdan EP, Risnawati R, Yulianti F. 2024. Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas terhadap Benih Kedelai Terinfeksi Xanthomonas axonopodis. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):17-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.15-23.
Kurniawati F, Supramana, Hidayat SH, Tondok ET, Syafutra H. 2024. Perbanyakan Nematoda Daun Aphelenchoides fragariae pada Biakan Cendawan. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):26-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.24-31.
In the original version of this article, the title and caption for tables and figures were only in written Indonesian. A change of style has been made to all tables and figures, with adding a titles and captions in English. Furthermore, there are changes to the page numbers as follows:
The page number for the article Hartati S, Meliansyah R, Mayanti T. 2024. Potensi Senyawa Volatil dari Khamir untuk Mengendalikan Cercospora coffeicola. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.1-14 written "1-14" is changed to "1-16".
The page number for the article Fauziyah Q, Ramdan EP, Risnawati R, Yulianti F. 2024. Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas terhadap Benih Kedelai Terinfeksi Xanthomonas axonopodis. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):17-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.15-23 written “15-23” is changed to “17-25”.
The page number for the article Kurniawati F, Supramana, Hidayat SH, Tondok ET, Syafutra H. 2024. Perbanyakan Nematoda Daun Aphelenchoides fragariae pada Biakan Cendawan. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(1):26-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.1.24-31 written “24-31” is changed to “26-33”
The correction has been made on the website and in the PDF version of the article
Isolasi Bakteri Filosfer Berpotensi sebagai Penambat Nitrogen dan Deteksi in Vitro Kemampuannya dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Colletotrichum : Isolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum
Full text linkIsolation of Potential Nitrogen-Fixing Phylloplane Bacteria and in Vitro Detection of Their Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum
Anthracnose is one of the significant diseases in chili plants caused by Colletotrichum spp., with potential yield losses of up to 100%. The negative impact of fungicide use forces the search for biocontrol agents as part of environmentally friendly disease management. One of the sources where these biocontrol agents can be found is in the phyllosphere. This experiment aimed to obtain antagonistic bacteria from the phyllosphere of healthy chili plants that have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agents and potentially increase the nutrition uptake through nitrogen-fixation. Healthy chili plants were obtained from red chili plantations in Cijambu Village and Nanggerang Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java. Isolation using Nitrogen-free media and screening for antagonistic activity resulted in the isolation of eight bacterial strains, namely strains CJB1, CJB2, CJB3, CJB4, CJB5, NGR1, NGR2, and NGR3. The antagonistic tests on these eight bacterial strains were then conducted against various Colletotrichum spp. strains from different chili cultivation centers in Garut, Lembang, Sumedang, and Jatinangor. The testing was carried out using a dual-culture method followed by the examination of volatile compound activity using the double compartment method. The results showed that phyllosphere bacteria NGR1, CJB1, and CJB5 consistently demonstrated abilities to inhibit the growth of four Colletotrichum spp. strains, both directly through antagonistic tests and based on the volatile anticendawan compound activity produced by these bacterial strains. Malformations in the mycelium of Colletotrichum spp. were also detected when the pathogen was directly exposed to phyllosphere bacteria or their volatile compounds. This experiment indicates that phyllosphere bacteria that potentially capable of fixing nitrogen also have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agents for Colletotrichum spp.Antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum spp. dengan tingkat kehilangan hasil yang dapat mencapai 100%. Dampak negatif penggunaan fungisida menyebabkan diperlukannya pencarian agens biokontrol sebagai bagian dari pengendalian penyakit yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu sumber ialah agens biokontrol dari bagian filosfer. Percobaan ini bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri antagonis asal filosfer daun tanaman cabai sehat yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens biokontrol sekaligus berpotensi meningkatkan perolehan nutrisi bagi tanaman melalui fiksasi nitrogen. Tanaman cabai sehat diperoleh dari pertanaman cabai merah di Desa Cijambu dan Desa Nanggerang, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Hasil isolasi menggunakan medium bebas nitrogen dan hasil skrining aktivitas antagonisme diperoleh delapan galur bakteri, yaitu CJB1, CJB2, CJB3, CJB4, CJB5, NGR1, NGR2, dan NGR3. Delapan galur bakteri tersebut diuji dengan beberapa galur Colletotrichum spp. asal beberapa sentra pertanaman cabai di Garut, Lembang, Sumedang dan Jatinangor. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan metode biakan ganda yang dilanjutkan dengan pengujian aktivitas senyawa volatil dengan metode double compartment. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan diperolehnya bakteri filosfer NGR1, CJB1, dan CJB5 yang secara konsisten menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan empat galur Colletotrichum spp., baik secara langsung melalui uji antagonis maupun berdasarkan uji aktivitas anticendawan senyawa volatil yang dihasilkan galurnya. Malformasi pada miselium Colletotrichum spp. juga terdeteksi ketika patogen dihadapkan secara langsung dengan bakteri filosfer maupun oleh senyawa volatil yang dihasilkannya. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri filosfer yang berpotensi dapat memfiksasi N ini juga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens biokontrol Colletotrichum spp
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 2, Maret 2024: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 2, Maret 2024
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 2, Maret 2024.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 2, Maret 2024
Direct Electric System untuk Mengeliminasi Nematoda Radopholus similis pada Medium Tanam Dracaena reflexa: Direct Electric System to Eliminate Radopholus similis Nematodes in Planting Medium for Dracaena reflexa
Full text linkTanaman Song of India (Dracaena reflexa) merupakan komoditas ekspor Indonesia dengan tujuan Jepang, Malaysia, Korea Selatan, Singapura dan Eropa. Ditemukannya nematoda pelubang akar Radopholus similis pada medium tanam kokopit menyebabkan dikeluarkannya Notification of Non-Compliance (NNC) oleh negara tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengekplorasi penggunaan teknik Direct Electric System (DES) untuk mengeliminasi nematoda pelubang akar R. similis yang ditemukan pada medium tanam kokopit. Percobaan laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek penggunakan DES pada berbagai tegangan, jarak elektroda dan lama pemaparan pada medium tanah dan kokpit terhadap mortalitas R. similis. Percobaan rumah kaca dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh DES terhadap mortalitas R. similis dan pertumbuhan tanaman D. reflexa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada medium tanah dan kokopit kematian nematoda berturut-turut sebesar 83.46% dan 86.17% tercapai dengan tegangan DES 1500 V, serta jarak elektroda 1 dan 2 cm selama 15 menit. Perlakuan DES pada tegangan 1500 V selama 15 menit pada medium kokopit tidak menurunkan pertumbuhan D. reflexa di rumah kaca.Direct Electric System to Eliminate Radopholus similis Nematodes in Planting Medium for Dracaena reflexa
The Song of India plant (Dracaena reflexa) is an export commodity from Indonesia with destination to Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Singapore, and Europe. The discovery of the root burrowing nematode Radopholus similis in the cocopeat planting medium leds to the issuance of a Notification of Non-Compliance (NNC) by the destination country. This research aimed to utilize the Direct Electric System (DES) technique to eliminate the R. similis nematode. The laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using DES at various voltages, electrode distances, and exposure times in soil and cocopeat medium on R. similis mortality. The greenhouse experiments determined the impact of DES on R. similis mortality and D. reflexa plant growth. The research showed that mortality of the nematode in soil and cocopeat reached 83.46% and 86.17%, respectively by applying voltage of 1500 V, and electrode distances of 1 and 2 cm for 15 minutes. DES treatment at a voltage of 1500 V for 15 minutes on cocopeat medium did not reduce the growth of D. reflexa in the greenhouse
ERRATUM: ERRATUM
Full text linkErratum to: Ayusma AN, Widiastuti A, Arwiyanto T. 2024. Potency of Eucalyptus Oil and Citronella Oil in Suppressing Virulence Factors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(4):195–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.4.195–203.
In this published version of the article, there are no Acknowledgements. A changes have been made in the latest version, adding the Acknowledgements “The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) in the Philippines for providing the financial support that made this research possible. This study was conducted with funding from SEARCA, whose commitment to advancing agricultural research in Southeast Asia has been invaluable”. The correction has been made on the website and in the PDF version of the article.Erratum to: Ayusma AN, Widiastuti A, Arwiyanto T. 2024. Potency of Eucalyptus Oil and Citronella Oil in Suppressing Virulence Factors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 20(4):195–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.20.4.195–203.
In this published version of the article, there are no Acknowledgements. A changes have been made in the latest version, adding the Acknowledgements “The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) in the Philippines for providing the financial support that made this research possible. This study was conducted with funding from SEARCA, whose commitment to advancing agricultural research in Southeast Asia has been invaluable”. The correction has been made on the website and in the PDF version of the article
Nanoparticles of Chitosan and Bougainvillea Leaf Extract: Characterization and Its Application to Control Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea: Nanoparticles of Chitosan and Bougainvillea Leaf Extract: Characterization and Its Application to Control Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea
Full text linkKitosan dan ekstrak kasar daun bugenvil diketahui mampu mengendalikan beberapa virus tanaman termasuk Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea (BCMV-BlC). Untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan baku dan peningkatan keefektifan juga stabilitasnya, kedua bahan perlu disintesis menggunakan teknologi nanpopartikel (NP). Penelitian bertujuan menyintesis nanopartikel kitosan, ekstrak daun bugenvil, dan kombinasinya menggunakan modifikasi metode gelasi ionik, mengarakterisasi NP dan mengevaluasi potensi NP untuk mengendalikan BCMV-BlC pada tanaman indikator Chenopodium amaranticolor. Nanopartikel kitosan (Kit-NP), ekstrak daun bugenvil (EDB-NP), dan kombinasinya (KEDB-NP) berhasil disintesis dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel berturut-turut sebesar 99.72, 163.68, dan 221.42 nm berdasarkan pengamatan di bawah transmission electron microscope (TEM) dan berbentuk bola (sferis) berdasarkan hasil analisis scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil analisis fourier transform infrared (FTIR), KEDB-NP menunjukkan gugus fungsi berturut-turut hidroksil, alkena, amina, cincin aromatik, dan senyawa alifatik organohalogen. Daun C. amaranticolor yang diberi perlakuan Kit-NP, EDB-NP, KEDB-NP dan juga non-NP pada konsentrasi 100-800 ppm sebelum inokulasi virus menunjukkan jumlah rata-rata lesio lokal nekrotik (LLN) nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol tanaman sakit tanpa perlakuan dan tidak berbeda nyata antarkonsentrasi. Perlakuan NP dan non-NP sebelum inokulasi virus secara nyata memperpanjang periode inkubasi dan menekan pembentukan LLN dengan keefektifan 67.5%–100% dibandingkan dengan aplikasi setelah inokulasi virus. Di antara konsentrasi yang diuji, konsentrasi NP antara 100 dan 300 ppm yang diaplikasikan sebelum penularan virus menunjukkan paling efektif dalam menghambat pembentukan LLN. Sintesis EDB-NP, Kit-NP, dan KEDB-NP menggunakan sangat sedikit bahan baku, namun keefektifannya sebanding dengan bentuk non-NPnya dalam mengendalikan infeksi BCMV.Nanoparticles of Chitosan and Bougainvillea Leaf Extract: Characterization and Its Application to Control Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea
Chitosan and bougainvillea crude leaf extract is known able to control viruses including Bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye Cowpea (BCMV-BlC). To reduce the raw material usage and to increase their effectiveness and stability, it is necessary to formulate them using nanoparticle (NP) technology. The research aimed to synthesize nanoparticles of chitosan (Kit-NP), bougainvillea leaf extract (EDB-NP), and their combination (KEDB-NP) using modified ionic gelation method, characterized and evaluated the potential of NPs in controling BCMV-BlC on indicator plant Chenopodium amaranticolor. Kit-NP, EDB-NP, and KEDB-NP were successfully synthesized, with characteristic average particle sizes of 99.72, 163.68, and 221.42 nm, respectively under TEM and have a spherical form under SEM. The FTIR analysis showed that KEDB-NP functional groups were hydroxyl, alkene, amine, aromatic ring, and organohalogen aliphatic compounds. Chenopodium amaranticolor leaves sprayed by those of NPs, as well as their non-NP treatment at a concentration of 100–800 ppm before virus inoculation showed an average number of necrotic local lesion (NLL) significantly lower than untreated control and was not significantly different among concentrations. Those treatments before virus inoculation significantly prolong the incubation period and reduced NLL formation with effectiveness ranging 67.5%–100% in compared with application after virus inoculation. The NPs concentrations between 100 and 300 ppm which is applied before virus inoculation showed the best effectiveness in inhibiting NLL formation. Those of NPs synthesized using greatly less amount of their bulk materials, but their effectiveness are comparable to their non-NP forms in controlling BCMV
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 1, Januari 2024: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 1, Januari 2024
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 1, Januari 2024.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 1, Januari 2024
Compatibility of Mycorrhizae and Pineapple-Based Liquid Fertilizer on Local Variety of Shallot for Suppression of Fusarium Wilt Disease: Kecocokan Antara Mikoriza dan Pupuk Organik Cair Berbasis Nanas pada Bawang Merah Varietas Lokal untuk Menekan Penyakit Layu Fusarium
Full text linkPendekatan yang komprehensif diperlukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit moler pada bawang merah akibat infeksi Fusarium oxysporum. Penggunaan mikoriza diketahui cukup menjanjikan untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu fusarium. Banyak petani mengombinasikan agens hayati dengan limbah tanaman seperti limbah kulit buah nanas, tetapi efek sinergis belum diketahui secara jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kompatibilitas pupuk cair dan mikoriza sebagai upaya mengembangkan teknik baru dalam pengelolaan penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengukuran persentase infektivitas mikoriza, persentase keparahan penyakit, produksi umbi, dan biomasa tanaman bawang merah. Hasil analisis kandungan pupuk organik cair berbahan dasar kulit nanas (PLOF) mengandung sumber karbon organik sebesar 11.14%, nitrogen 0.14%, serta makro dan mikro nutrient lainnya. Kombinasi mikoriza dan PLOF dapat bersimbiosis dengan akar tanaman dengan tingkat kolonisasi 66.67%. Sementara itu, kombinasi keduanya tidak dapat menekan keparahan penyakit moler, serta tidak dapat meningkatkan produksi umbi dan biomasa tanaman bawang merah.A comprehensive approach is needed to control shallots twisted disease (penyakit moler) caused by infection of Fusarium oxysporum. The use of mycorrhiza is known to be quite promising for controlling Fusarium wilt. Many farmers combine biological control agents with plant waste—pineapple peel waste—, but the synergistic effects are not yet clearly known. This research aims to determine the compatibility of liquid fertilizer and mycorrhiza as an effort to develop new techniques in managing Fusiarium twisted disease. The research was arranged using a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The tests conducted included measuring the percentage of mycorrhizal infectivity and disease severity, bulb production, and biomass of shallot plants. The analysis of the content of pineapple peel-based liquid organic fertilizer (PLOF) showed that it contains 11.14% organic carbon source, 0.14% nitrogen, as well as other macro and micronutrients. The combination of mycorrhiza and PLOF can form a symbiosis with plant roots with a colonization rate of 66.67%. Meanwhile, the combination of the two treatments could not suppress the severity of twisted disease, nor could it increase bulb production and biomass of shallot plants
Keragaman Spesies Colletotrichum yang Berasosiasi dengan Buah Jeruk Impor dan Potensinya Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai, Karet, dan Kakao di Indonesia: Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Assosiated with Imported Citrus Fruits, and their Potential to Infect Chili, Rubber, and Cacao Trees in Indonesia
Full text linkSpesies Colletotrichum telah banyak dilaporkan sebagai agens penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman jeruk. Importasi buah jeruk dari beberapa negara produsen ke Indonesia berpotensi membawa masuk spesies Colletotrichum yang belum dilaporkan terdapat di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies Colletotrichum yang terbawa melalui impor jeruk dan mengevaluasi potensinya menginfeksi tanaman hortikultura dan perkebunan penting di Indonesia. Sebanyak 7 isolat Colletotrichum diisolasi dari buah jeruk impor asal Cina, Pakistan dan jeruk lokal asal Indonesia. Isolat-isolat Colletotrichum tersebut diamati karakter morfologi dan molekulernya serta patogenisitasnya pada tanaman jeruk, cabai, karet, dan kakao. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan dengan metode analisis multilokus gen (multilocus sequence analysis) dengan mengombinasikan lokus gen ITS, ACT, TUB2, dan GAPDH. Identifikasi isolat Colletotrichum menghasilkan satu spesies grup C. boninense kompleks spesies (C. karstii), 3 spesies grup C. gloeosporioides kompleks spesies (C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, dan C. siamense). Isolat Colletotrichum asal jeruk Indonesia diidentifikasi sebagai C. gloeosporioides s.s. Strain C. fructicola mampu menginfeksi cabai, sedangkan strain C. karstii menginfeksi cabai, dan kakao. Strain C. gloeosporioides s.s. dan C. siamense memiliki kisaran inang yang lebih luas yaitu cabai, karet, dan kakao. Beberapa spesies Colletotrichum yang terbawa oleh buah jeruk impor berpeluang menjadi patogen pada beberapa tanaman penting di Indonesia, yaitu cabai, karet, dan kakao.Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Assosiated with Imported Citrus Fruits, and their Potential to Infect Chili, Rubber, and Cacao Trees in Indonesia
Colletotrichum species have been widely reported as causative agents of anthracnose in citrus trees. The importation of citrus fruits brings the risks of introducing introducing species of Colletotrichum new to Indonesian territory. This research was conducted to identify species of Colletotrichum from imported citrus fruits and to evaluate their potential to infect important horticultural and plantation crops in Indonesia. A total of 7 Colletotrichum isolates were isolated from imported citrus fruit from China, Pakistan, and Indonesian local citrus fruit. The Colletotrichum isolates were observed for their morphological and molecular characteristics as well as their pathogenicity on citrus fruit, chili, rubber and cocoa trees. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the MLSA (multilocus sequence analysis) method which combines the ITS, ACT, TUB2 and GAPDH gene loci. Identification of Colletotrichum isolates resulted in one species of the C. boninense complex species (C. karstii) and 3 species of the C. gloeosporioides complex species (C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, and C. siamense). The Colletotrichum isolate from Indonesian citrus was identified as C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto. The C. fructicola strain could infect chilies, while the C. karstii strain could infect chili and cocoa. Strain of C. gloeosporioides s.s. and C. siamense have a wider host range, namely chili, rubber, and cocoa. Several species of Colletotrichum carried by imported citrus fruits could become pathogens in several important crops in Indonesia, including chili, rubber, and cocoa
Formulasi Trichoderma dan Mikoriza Arbuskular untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Kelapa Sawit: Formulation of Trichoderma sp. and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza to Control Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm
Full text linkBasal stem rot (G. boninense) is one of the most important diseases in oil palm. As biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to inhibit the growth of G. boninense. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of those biocontrol agents is unstable due to less appropriate formulation and application. Biofungicide formulation affects the effectiveness in controlling plant diseases, the ability to proliferate and survive in the environment, the period of storage, and reduces preparation time and application cost. This research aimed to develop the formulation of Trichoderma spp., and AMF to control G. boninense. Trichoderma spp. The active ingredient has been mass-produced in millet formulated with carriers: T1 using rice bran, while T3 was combined with rice bran and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) compost. AMF active ingredient has been mass producted in shorgum root, and formulated with carrier, CMA1 using zeolite. While, CMA2 combined zeolite with EFB compost. AMF applications were on seed planting, Trichoderma spp. applications were on three months seedlings. Plant material used was DXP (76 × 36.11), which is susceptible to G. boninense. Disease progress was observed from latent period, disease incidence, disease severity, infection rate (r), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the AMF-Trichoderma association with plant oil palm root. CMA2 and T3 formulation showed the best result to reduce disease severity and insidence. Therefore, CMA2 + T3 was the best combination of formulation for controlling oil palm basal stem rot disease based on disease progress.Penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense Pat. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada kelapa sawit. Agens hayati Trichoderma spp., dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) diketahui dapat menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense. Keefektifan agens biokontrol dalam pengendalian sering tidak stabil bila diaplikasikan di lapangan. Formulasi agens biokontrol dapat mempengaruhi keefektifan pengendalian penyakit tanaman, kemampuan proliferasi dan bertahan hidup di lingkungan, periode simpan, waktu dan biaya preparasi serta aplikasi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan percobaan yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh formulasi agens biokontrol Trichoderma spp. dan FMA yang efektif dalam mengendalikan G.boninense. Bahan aktif Trichoderma spp. diperbanyak secara masal pada milet, diformulasikan dengan bahan pembawa dedak (T1), dedak dan kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit (T3). Bahan aktif FMA yang diperbanyak secara masal pada akar tanaman sorgum, diformulasikan dengan bahan pembawa: zeolit (FMA1) dan zeolit ditambah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (FMA2). Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah benih progeni DXP (76 x 36.11) rentan G. boninense dari PT Damimas Sejahtera, Pekanbaru. Aplikasi FMA dilakukan pada kecambah kelapa sawit, dan Trichoderma pada bibit berumur 3 bulan. Peubah yang diamati : insidensi penyakit, keparahan penyakit, periode laten, laju infeksi (r) dan nilai area di bawah kurva perkembangan penyakit (AUDPC), asosiasi FMA dan Trichoderma spp. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa formulasi Trichoderma spp. dan FMA yang terbaik adalah dengan bahan pembawa kompos TKS, yaitu T3 dan FMA2. Kombinasi aplikasi FMA2+T3 mengurangi keparahan dan kejadian penyakit serta memperpanjang periode laten penyakit BPB. Formulasi FMA2 dan T3 direkomendasikan sebagai strategi yang efektif dalam pengendalian penyakit BPB kelapa sawit.