Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Potensi Senyawa Volatil dari Khamir untuk Mengendalikan Cercospora coffeicola : Potency of Yeast’s Volatile Compounds to Control Cercospora coffeicola
Full text linkPenyakit bercak daun cercospora yang disebabkan oleh Cercospora coffeicola merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada tanaman kopi. Di antara metode alternatif untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman ialah dengan memanfaatkan senyawa volatil anticendawan yang dihasilkan oleh agens antagonis. Khamir merupakan salah satu agens yang berperan dan berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa volatil anticendawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakter morfologi khamir dan kemampuannya menghasilkan senyawa volatil yang bersifat anticendawan terhadap C. coffeicola. Isolasi khamir dilakukan dari tanaman kopi di beberapa lokasi di Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung dan Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri atas isolasi khamir dari daun dan buah kopi, karakterisasi koloni dan sel khamir secara morfologi, dan uji kemampuan anticendawan senyawa volatil khamir secara in vitro dengan metode double dish system. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 52 isolat khamir. Karakteristik koloni isolat khamir yang didapatkan didominasi oleh warna putih, krem, dan oranye, memiliki tepian yang rata, bergerigi hingga berfilamen serta memiliki bentuk koloni bulat hingga tidak beraturan. Karakteristik mikroskopis dari isolat khamir yang didapatkan menunjukkan bentuk yang bervariasi, yaitu bulat, bundar telur, jorong, bulat telur, serta memanjang dengan ukuran berkisar 2.59-18.13 × 1.23-7.77 µm. Seluruh isolat khamir yang didapatkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan C. coffeicola melalui aktivitas senyawa volatil anticendawan dengan tingkat penghambatan berkisar antara 11.85% dan 79.26%. Potency of Yeast’s Volatile Compounds to Control Cercospora coffeicola
Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora coffeicola is a major disease on coffee plants. Antifungal volatiles produced by some antagonistic agents can be useful in biological control approach of this pathogen. Some yeasts have been reported to produce antifungal volatiles and may have the potency as antagonistic agents against fungal pathogens. This research was aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of the yeast isolates and their ability to suppress C. coffeicola by producing antifungal volatiles. The yeasts were isolated from coffee leaves and berries grown in several location at Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kabupaten Bandung and Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang. The research was started by isolation of yeasts and followed by morphological characterization of yeasts’ colony. The potency of the volatiles produced by the antagonistic isolates were tested in vitro using double dish system. As many as 52 yeast isolates were obtained. The dominant colors of the yeasts colonies on PDA were white, cream, and orange, with smooth, serrated, and filamentous edges. The colony shapes were round to irregular. The microscopic observation showed that the cells were round, ovate, and elongated, with the size ranged around 2.59-18.13 × 1.23-7.77 µm. Those yeasts isolates were able to suppress the growth of C. coffeicola by the activity of antifungal volatile compound, with the inhibition level of 11.85% to 79.26%. The results showed that all the isolates were capable to inhibit the in vitro growth of C. coffeicola
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 4, Juli 2024: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 4, July 2024
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 4, July 2024.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 4, July 2024
Aktivitas Anticendawan Ekstrak Kecombrang Terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum pada Cabai Rawit: Antifungal Activity of Torch Ginger Extract Against Colletotrichum acutatum on Cayenne Pepper
Full text linkKecombrang (Etlingera elatior) merupakan tanaman rempah tradisional yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai antimikrob dalam dunia medis di Indonesia. Namun, potensi kecombrang sebagai fungisida nabati dalam fitopatologi perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Penelitian bertujuan menguji aktivitas anticendawan ekstrak rimpang dan daun kecombrang dalam pelarut metanol dan etanol terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum. Pengujian secara in vitro ekstrak kecombrang dilakukan dengan teknik peracunan medium dengan lima taraf konsentrasi. Parameter yang diamati diameter koloni, sporulasi, dan perkecambahan konidium. Pengujian secara in vivo dilakukan pada buah cabai rawit dengan parameter yang diamati masa inkubasi, insidensi dan keparahan penyakit, serta keefektifan perlakuan. Di antara konsentrasi yang diuji, ekstrak metanol daun kecombrang pada konsentrasi 2.5% menunjukkan konsentrasi paling baik dalam menekan pertumbuhan, sporulasi dan perkecambahan konidium C. acutatum dengan keefektifan berturut-turut 66.2%, 99.8%, and 100% dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Pengujian secara in vivo pada buah cabai rawit menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun kecombrang pada konsentrasi 2.5% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan C. acutatum, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 4.8% mampu memperpanjang masa inkubasi, menurunkan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit secara nyata dengan keefektifan berturut-turut 88.4% dan 96% dibandingkan kontrol dan perlakuan lainnya. Aktivitas anticendawan ekstrak metanol daun kecombrang terhadap infeksi C. acutatum disebabkan kandungan senyawa fenol yang tinggi. Penelitian ini membuktikan potensi ekstrak metanol daun kecombrang sebagai fungisida nabati yang mampu menekan infeksi C. acutatum khususnya pada buah cabai rawit pascapanen.Antifungal Activity of Torch Ginger Extract Against Colletotrichum acutatum on Cayenne Pepper
Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is a traditional spice plant that has been widely utilize in Indonesia as an antimicrobial in medical. However, the potential of torch ginger as botanical fungicide in phytopathology needs further study. The research aimed to study the antifungal activity of rhizome and leaf extracts of torch ginger using methanol and ethanol solvents against Colletotrichum acutatum. The extracts was tested using in vitro medium poisoning method at five concentration levels with observation parameter including colony diameter, sporulation, and germination of conidium. The in vivo test was conducted on cayenne pepper fruits with observation parameter such as incubation period, disease intensity and treatment efficacy level. The in vitro study showed that among concentration tested, the torch ginger leaf extract in methanol solvent with a concentration of 2.5% as the best concentration which is inhibits C. acutatum growth, sporulation and germination of conidium by effectiveness up to 66.2%, 99.8% and 100%, respectively in compared to other treatments. The in vivo test on cayenne pepper fruits, the methanol leaf extract at concentration 2.5% inhibits the development of C. acutatum growth, while at concentration 4.8% showed able to prolonged incubation period, reduced disease incidence and severity significantly with effectiveness 88.4% and 96%, respectively in compared to control and other treatments. The antifungal activity of methanol leaf extract of torch ginger against C. acutatum due to its highly phenolic compound. This research successfully demonstrated the potential of extract of torch ginger leaf as botanical fungicide to suppress C. acutatum infection, especially on post-harvest cayenne pepper fruits
Rice Blast Field Assessment in Three Regencies Underlies the Importance of Fungicide Resistance Studies in West Java, Indonesia: Asesmen Lapangan Penyakit Blas Padi Mendasari Pentingnya Kajian Resistensi Fungisida di Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Full text linkAsesmen Lapangan Penyakit Blas Padi Mendasari Pentingnya Kajian Resistensi Fungisida di Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Dalam dekade terakhir, penelitian penyakit blas padi di Indonesia belum membahas dinamika antara cendawan Pyricularia oryzae dan penggunaan fungisida sehingga belum ada laporan terkait mutasi patogen ini. Pengamatan di Kabupaten Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi, Jawa Barat menunjukkan insidensi penyakit yang tinggi (53%–100%) dengan keparahan berkisar 8%–67%. Keparahan penyakit tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Cikembar, daerah di kaki Gunung Gede Pangrango, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Pengamatan lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa meski dilanda kemarau panjang akibat fenomena El Niño pada sepanjang tahun 2023, Cikembar masih mengalami keparahan penyakit yang relatif tinggi (36%) mengonfirmasi daerah ini masih merupakan daerah endemik blas. Tingginya keparahan penyakit meski fungisida diaplikasikan secara intensif di Cikembar memperkuat dugaan telah munculnya kasus resistensi P. oryzae terutama terhadap fungisida isoprotiolan yang telah digunakan bertahun-tahun. Kelompok tani Cikembar juga menghadapi tantangan lain, yaitu tanah masam dan perbedaan taktik antarpetani dalam penggunaan fungisida yang memperumit upaya pengendalian penyakit secara terpadu. Bukti kemunculan mutasi P. oryzae terhadap fungisida isoprotiolan perlu dikonfirmasi melalui studi laboratorium sehingga diperoleh rekomendasi penggunaan fungisida yang lebih baik dalam jangka panjang.In recent decades, research about rice blast disease in Indonesia has not been focused on the dynamics of the fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) and fungicide use, which resulted in undiscovered pathogen mutations. Observations in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi Regencies in West Java reveal a high disease incidence (53%–100%), with severity ranging from 8% to 67%. The highest disease severity was recorded in Cikembar District, which is located at the foothill of Mount Gede Pangrango, Sukabumi Regency. Despite a prolonged drought caused by El Niño in 2023, Cikembar still experienced a relatively high disease severity (36%), confirming that this area remains an endemic blast area. The high disease severity, although fungicides were widely used in Cikembar, raises concerns that P. oryzae resistance to fungicides has developed, mainly to isoprothiolane which has been yearly deployed in this area. Farmers are already confronting extra challenges such as unfavorable acidic soil and differences in fungicide use practices decision-making which complicates their control efforts. Laboratory investigations are needed to validate evidence of the emergence of P. oryzae mutations against isoprothiolane in order to provide long-term recommendations for the most effective fungicide use
Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas terhadap Benih Kedelai Terinfeksi Xanthomonas axonopodis: Dry Heat Treatment and Galangal Rhizome Extract on Soybean Seeds Infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis
Full text linkKedelai (Glycine max) adalah salah satu sumber protein nabati yang kebutuhannya terus meningkat. Salah satu kendala utama pada budi daya kedelai ialah penyakit tular benih membisul oleh bakteri Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perlakuan panas kering dan ekstrak rimpang lengkuas terhadap penekanan populasi X. axonopodis pv. glycine dan vigor benih kedelai yang terinfeksi bakteri. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Percobaan pertama ialah perlakuan panas kering pada suhu 45 ℃ dengan waktu pemanasan 6, 12, dan 24 jam, serta kontrol tanpa pemanasan. Percobaan kedua ialah perendaman biji selama satu jam di dalam ekstrak rimpang lengkuas dengan konsentrasi 25%, 20%, dan 15%, serta kontrol (air). Peubah yang diamati ialah jumlah populasi bakteri, daya kecambah, vigor, dan viabilitas benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan panas dan ekstrak rimpang lengkuas berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan populasi X. axonopodis terbawa benih kedelai. Perlakuan benih kedelai dengan panas kering selama 24 jam menyebabkan benih bebas dari X. axonopodis, tetapi perkecambahan dan vigor benih mengalami penurunan. Sementara perlakuan benih dengan ekstrak rimpang lengkuas 25% menyebabkan populasi X. axonopodis menurun hingga 7.0 × 102 cfu mL-1, dengan tidak memengaruhi vigor dan viabilitas kedelai. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan panas kering memiliki potensi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak rimpang lengkuas dalam mengeleminasi X. axonopodis dalam benih kedelai. Namun, karena perlakuan panas memiliki dampak negatif terhadap perkecambahan benih maka perlu dicari suhu dan waktu pemanasan yang optimal untuk menekan populasi X. axonopodis tanpa mengurangi viabilitas benih.Dry Heat Treatment and Galangal Rhizome Extract on Soybean Seeds Infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the sources of vegetable protein whose demand continues to increase. One of the main obstacles in soybean cultivation is the bacterial pustule seed-borne disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine. This study aimed to evaluate dry heat treatment and galangal rhizome extract on the suppression of X. axonopodis pv. glycine population and vigor of soybean seeds infected with the bacteria. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design. The first experiment was dry heat treatment at 45 ℃ with heating times of 6, 12, and 24 hours, and control without heating. The second experiment was soaking the seeds for one hour in galangal rhizome extract with concentrations of 25%, 20%, and 15%, and the control (water). The variables observed were bacterial population, germination, vigor, and viability of the seeds. The results showed that heat treatment and galangal rhizome extract had a significant effect on reducing the population of X. axonopodis carried by soybean seeds. Treatment of soybean seeds with dry heat for 24 hours caused the seeds to be free of X. axonopodis, but seed germination and vigor decreased. While seed treatment with 25% galangal rhizome extract caused the X. axonopodis population to decrease to 7.0 × 102 cfu mL-1, while not affecting soybean vigor and viability. The results indicate that dry heat treatment has better potential than galangal rhizome extract in eliminating X. axonopodis in soybean seeds. However, because heat treatment has a negative impact on seed germination, it is necessary to find the optimal heating temperature and time to suppress X. axonopodis populations without reducing seed viability
Keberadaan Nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi pada Benih Padi Varietas Lokal di Kabupaten Samosir, Sumatera Utara: The Presence of the Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi on Seeds of Local Rice Varieties in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra
Full text linkAphelenchoides besseyi merupakan salah satu nematoda parasit penting pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keberadaan A. besseyi pada benih padi varietas lokal dari tiga kecamatan di Kabupaten Samosir, yaitu Pangururan, Sianjur Mula-Mula, dan Palipi. Nematoda diekstrak dari 400 benih padi pada setiap varietas menggunakan metode modifikasi corong Baermann. Benih padi dipotong pada bagian hilum, direndam dalam air, dan diinkubasi dalam ruangan gelap selama 24 jam pada suhu 20 °C. Nematoda diidentifikasi berdasarkan ciri morfologi dan morfometri. Pengukuran morfometri A. besseyi dilakukan terhadap 70 nematoda betina dan 10 nematoda jantan. Nematoda A. besseyi ditemukan pada varietas ‘Si Serang’, ‘Saratus Ari’, ‘Si Pining’, dan ‘Si Bandung’ dengan populasi 5 sampai 13 individu per 10 g atau 400 butir benih padi. Nematoda A. besseyi berhasil diidentifikasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri morfologi, yaitu tubuh ramping, bibir set off, stilet tipis, median bulbus berukuran besar, dan terdapat mucro berbentuk bintang pada ujung ekor. Nematoda jantan memiliki ujung ekor melengkung dengan spikula berbentuk seperti duri mawar. Ukuran tubuh nematoda pucuk putih asal varietas padi lokal Samosir lebih kecil dibandingkan ukuran A. besseyi yang telah dilaporkan sebelumnya.The Presence of the Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi on Seeds of Local Rice Varieties in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra
Aphelenchoides besseyi is one of the important nematode parasites in rice plants. This research aims to determine the presence of A. besseyi in seeds of local rice varieties from three sub-districts in Samosir Regency, namely Pangururan, Sianjur Mula-Mula, and Palipi. Nematodes were extracted from 400 rice seeds of each variety using a modified Baermann funnel method. Rice seeds were cut at the hilum, soaked in water, and incubated in the dark room for 24 hours at 20 °C. Nematodes were identified based on morphological and morphometry characteristics. Morphometry measurements of A. besseyi were carried out on 70 female nematodes and 10 male nematodes. The nematode A. besseyi were found in the ‘Si Serang’, ‘Saratus Ari’, ‘Si Pining’, and ‘Si Bandung’ varieties with populations of 5 to 13 individuals per 10 g or 400 grains of rice seeds. The nematode A. besseyi was successfully identified based on morphological characteristics including a slender body, set-off lips, thin stylet, large median bulbus, and star-shaped mucro at the tip of the tail. Male nematodes have curved tail tips with spicules shaped like rose thorns. The body size of the A. besseyi from the local rice variety Samosir is smaller than similar nematodes size reported previously
Keefektifan Senyawa Bioaktif Klon Pustaka Metagenomik sebagai Biokontrol Meloidogyne incognita dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman: Effectiveness of the Bioactive Compound from Metagenomic Library Clones as Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita and Plant Growth Promoter
Full text linkMetagenomik merupakan teknik untuk mengeksplorasi sumber daya kekayaan genetik mikrob pada suatu lingkungan, termasuk mikrob yang dapat berperan sebagai agens biokontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektifan senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan oleh isolat klon pustaka metagenomik asal kakao (PMP7, PMC8, PMS14, PMC3, PMC13, PMC14, dan PMS11) sebagai agens pengendalian nematoda puru akar Meloidogyne incognita dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Pengujian in vitro dilakukan menggunakan filtrat senyawa bioaktif dari tujuh klon pustaka metagenomik terhadap juvenil 2 nematoda pada cawan petri. Nematoda yang diberi perlakuan senyawa bioaktif diinkubasikan pada suhu 27 ℃ dan diamati mortalitasnya pada 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Karakterisasi fisiologi yang dilakukan terhadap isolat adalah pengujian produksi HCN, enzim kitinase, dan enzim protease. Pengujian secara in planta dilakukan pada pada tanaman mentimun var. Kitoh yang ditanam pada polibag. Nematoda juvenil 2 diinfestasikan pada masing-masing polibag dan perlakuan senyawa bioaktif diberikan dengan menyiramkan suspensi pada 14 dan 30 hari setelah tanam. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggu hingga puru terbentuk pada perakaran tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuh isolat klon pustaka metagenomik memiliki kemampuan nematisidal dengan tingkat mortalitas in vitro mencapai 96%–100% dan mampu memproduksi enzim protease dengan indeks proteolitik mencapai 0.13-0.6. Pada uji in planta isolat PMS11 mampu menekan keparahan puru akar dengan keefektifan penekanan mencapai 54.63%. Dua isolat, yaitu PMC8 dan PMS14 memiliki kemampuan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman yang terbaik.Effectiveness of the Bioactive Compound from Metagenomic Library Clones as Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita and Plant Growth Promoter
Metagenomics is a technique for exploring the genetic diversity of microbes in an environment, including those that can act as biocontrol agents. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of bioactive compounds produced by the isolates of metagenomic library clones from cocoa (PMP7, PMC8, PMS14, PMC3, PMC13, PMC14, and PMS11) as agents for controlling root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and promoting plant growth. In vitro testing was carried out using filtrates of bioactive compounds from seven metagenomic library clones on juvenile 2 nematodes in petri dishes. Nematodes treated with bioactive compounds were incubated at 27 ℃ and their mortality was observed 24 hours after treatment. The physiological characterization carried out on the clone isolates involved the production of HCN, chitinase and protease enzymes. In planta testing was carried out on cucumber plants var. Kitoh which were planted in polybags. Juvenile 2 nematodes were infested in each polybag and bioactive compound was given by watering the suspension at 14 and 30 days after planting. Observations were conducted every week until galls were formed on the plant roots. The results showed that seven isolates of metagenomic library clones had nematicidal effect with an in vitro mortality rate of 96%–100% and were able to produce protease enzymes with a proteolytic index of 0.13–0.6. In the in planta test, PMS11 isolate was able to suppress the severity of root knots with suppression effectiveness reaching 54.63%. Two isolates, i.e. PMC8 and PMS14, showed the best ability to stimulate plant growth
First Report of Celery mosaic virus Infecting Celery (Apium graveolens) in Indonesia: Laporan Pertama Celery mosaic virus yang Menginfeksi Seledri (Apium graveolens) di Indonesia
Full text linkCelery mosaic virus (CeMV), anggota dari genus Potyvirus dilaporkan pertama kali di Indonesia, menginfeksi seledri (Apium graveolens) pada lahan pertanaman sayuran di Berastagi, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Tanaman tersebut memiliki gejala mosaik dan pemucatan tulang daun yang merupakan ciri khas infeksi CeMV. Infeksi virus dikonfirmasi dengan RT-PCR menggunakan degenerate primer potyvirus yang mengamplifikasi genom virus, yaitu sebagian protein selubung dan 3’-UTR. Analisis pohon filogenetik menempatkan isolat CeMV Indonesia dalam satu klaster terpisah dalam kelompok CeMV dan memiliki kemiripan nukleotida sebesar 96.5%–96.7% dengan isolat contoh CeMV.Celery mosaic virus (CeMV), member of genus Potyvirus, is reported for the first time in Indonesia, from celery plants (Apium graveolens) in a vegetable field at Berastagi, North Sumatera Province. The plants possessed mosaic and vein clearing symptoms on the leaves as typical of CeMV infection. Virus incidence was confirmed by RT-PCR using degenerate potyvirus primer which amplified partial coat protein and 3’-UTR of the viral genome. Phylogenetic tree analysis placed Indonesian CeMV isolates in one separated clade within CeMV group and shared 96.5%–96.7% nucleotide identity with exemplar isolate of CeMV
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 3, Mei 2024: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 3, Mei 2024
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 3, May 2024.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 20 No. 3, May 2024
Perbanyakan Nematoda Daun Aphelenchoides fragariae pada Biakan Cendawan : Mass Rearing of Foliar Nematode Aphlenchoides fragariae on Fungal Culture
Full text linkNematoda daun Aphelenchoides fragariae mempunyai inang yang luas dan dapat berperan sebagai parasit tumbuhan maupun pemakan cendawan. Belum ada informasi terkait teknik perbanyakan A. fragariae di Indonesia. Penelitian untuk memperoleh jumlah nematoda A. fragariae yang murni perlu dilakukan untuk mendukung penelitian di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbanyak A. fragariae menggunakan biakan cendawan pada tiga suhu yang berbeda dan menghitung jumlah nematoda. Biakan cendawan yang digunakan ialah, Alternaria porri, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, Pythium sp., dan Rhizopus sp. Lima spesies cendawan tersebut diinkubasikan pada tiga suhu. Untuk memperoleh kondisi yang sesuai, biakan cendawan diinkubasi pada tiga suhu yang berbeda. Sebelum ditumbuhkan dalam biakan cendawan, nematoda dicelupkan ke dalam larutan streptomisin sulfat 0.1%, kemudian dicuci menggunakan air steril. Selanjutnya, 20 nematoda steril diinfestasikan pada biakan cendawan berumur 7 hari dan diinkubasi pada suhu 16, 28, dan 37 ℃. Setelah 28 hari, nematoda dipanen dan dihitung jumlahnya. Di antara spesies cendawan yang diuji sebagai media pemeliharaan, biakan terbaik untuk reproduksi A. fragariae ialah Alternaria porri pada suhu 28 ℃, dengan jumlah nematoda akhir rata-rata hingga 407.8 per cawan petri Pada suhu 37 ℃ A. fragariae gagal bereproduksi di semua biakan cendawan yang diuji. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa di antara ketiga suhu tersebut, yang paling mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan nematoda ialah 16 dan 28 ℃, yang paling tidak mendukung adalah 37 ℃.Mass Rearing of Foliar Nematode Aphlenchoides fragariae on Fungal Culture
This research investigated the in vitro cultivation of the foliar nematode Aphelenchoides fragariae, which can feed on both plants and fungi. As there was no prior information available in Indonesia, this study aimed to establish an efficient method for mass rearing, thereby supporting future research. Five fungal cultures i.e. Alternaria porri, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Pythium sp., and Rhizopus sp. grown in potato dextrose agar were evaluated as potential growing media at three different temperatures: 16, 28, and 37 ℃. Nematodes were surface-sterilized with streptomycin sulfat 0.1% before being introduced into the fungal cultures. Results showed that A. porri was the most favourable culture for A. fragariae reproduction, particularly at 28 ℃. Under these conditions, the average final population reached 407.8 nematodes per petri dish. Notably, A. fragariae failed to thrive at 37 ℃ in all tested fungal media. This suggests that the optimal temperature for its reproduction ranges between 16 and 28 ℃. This study provides valuable insights into the in vitro cultivation of A. fragariae, paving the way for further research utilizing this nematode species