Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Cucumber mosaic virus pada Tanaman Lada di Yogyakarta dan Bangka Belitung
Get PDFCucumber mosaic virus on Black Pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka BelitungPepper (Piper nigrum) is spice crop which has been cultivated a long time ago in Indonesia. Stunting is one of disease on pepper caused by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The research aimed to diagnose the biological, morphological and nucleaic acid characters of CMV on pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung. CMV infection on pepper in both area (Putat dan Kleben village, Yogyakarta and Air Buluh village, Bangka Belitung) showed typical symptoms such as mosaic, narrow leaves and stunting. The disease incidence and disease severity of stunting disease are varies. The virus able to transmitted by cutting, grafting and mechanically on Nicotiana tabacum and Chenopodium amaranticolor. However, it was unable to transmitted mechanically on pepper and by Aphis gossypii. The virus particles were isometric with diameter size 28-30 nm. RT-PCR using coat protein partial gene primer successfully amplified a DNA with size ± 500 bp from all three samples. The homology of nucleotide between three isolates was 98-97%, while the highest homology of those three strains CMV from Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung was 98% against strains from China in Brassica chinensis. Three strains CMV from pepper were in the same group, and separated from CMV pepper lines from Indonesia and other CMV isolates.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Streptomyces spp. Terhadap Penyakit Kuning, Pertumbuhan, dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Besar
No full textPenyakit keriting kuning cabai yang disebabkan oleh Begomovirus merupakan salah satu kendala produksi cabai di Indonesia. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian penyakit ini menggunakan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) yang diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunaan pestisida yang berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas Streptomyces spp. dalam menekan penyakit keriting kuning, pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil panen cabai besar. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan petani di Desa Harjobinangun, daerah Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Menggunakan varietas cabai Twist dan Isolat Streptomyces spp. koleksi Laboratorium Bakteriologi Tumbuhan dengan konsentrasi 108 CFU/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Streptomyces spp. mampu menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit pada fase vegetatif 54,17% dan 59,06%. Sedangkan pada fase generatif 50% dan 65,92%. Streptomyces spp. dapat meningkatkan tinggi dan diameter tanaman pada fase vegetatif 4,61% dan 6,05%. dan pada fase generatif 27,28% dan 1,11%. Streptomyces spp. dapat meningkatkan panjang akar, volume akar dan jumlah cabang produktif 4,40%, 20,70%, dan 24,81%. Streptomyces spp. dapat meningkatkan jumlah dan bobot total panen 15,5% dan 16,72%. Streptomyces spp. dapat meningkatkan kualitas buah ditunjukan dengan peningkatan panjang, diameter, dan bobot buah layak jual 6.26%, 12,80%, dan 11,39%
Deteksi dan Identifikasi Ditylenchus dipsaci dari Umbi Bawang Putih Impor
Get PDFDetection and Identification of Ditylenchus dipsaci from Imported Garlic BulbsImportation rate of garlic (Allium sativum) increased significantly in Indonesia lately. This situation may lead to the introduction and spread of quarantine pests, one of them is bulbborne nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. This research is aimed to detect and identify the presence of D. dipsaci on imported garlic bulb from China. Samples of garlic bulbs were taken from imported garlic through Tanjung Priok Sea Port, North Jakarta, within importation period from August to December 2017. Nematode extraction was performed by modified Baermann funnel method. Nematode identification was carried out based on the D. dipsaci key morphological characters and morphometry according to de Man formula. This nematode was successfully detected from 20% of garlic bulbs samples based on morphological characteristics, i.e. slender body shape, body length between 0.56 until 1 mm, well-defined stylet (10-13 mm in length), posterior valve between oesophagus and intestine is not overlapping, median bulb obvious with oval shape, and the tail was conoid with a pointed terminus. The findings of D. dipsaci is an important fact because these nematodes have the potential to cause damage to plants in the field
Identifikasi Infraspesifik Fusarium oxysporum asal Subtrat Nonpisang dan Kemampuan Pindah Inangnya ke Tanaman Pisang
Get PDFInfra-specific Identification of Fusarium oxysporum from Nonbanana Substrates and Its Ability to Move Hosts to Banana PlantsFusarium oxysporum has various life style, i.e. saprobe, endophyte and pathogen. Plant pathogenic F. oxysporum are divided into many forma specialis (f. sp.) depending on the host, for instance F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), a causal agent of Panama disease of banana. The study aimed to determine the infraspecific identity of F. oxysporum from non-banana host and evaluate its ability to jump banana plants. Infraspecific identity was determined through a molecular approach using 3 specific primers to recognize TR4 race (TR4 F/R, TR4 F/R1, and FocSc-1/ FocSc-2), while the host’s transfer ability was tested on 2 banana cultivars namely cv. Ambon and Tanduk. Thirteen strain studied i.e IPBCC 88,012, IPBCC 07,528, IPBCC 07,561, IPBCC 08,562, IPBCC 08,568, IPBCC 10.674, IPBCC 14.1236, IPBCC 14.1237, IPBCC 14.1238 and IPBCC 14.1239 were TR4 Foc; IPBCC 07,338 and IPBCC 14.1242 are race Foc 4. The pathogenicity test of Foc IPBCC 88,012, 07,328, 08,561, 10,674 and 14.1236 derived from cucumbers, soil, agarwood sapwood, insect nests and quinine tree endophytes showed that these strains were able to move to banana plant. This shows that Foc may not host-specific and the infaspecific term forma specialis is therefore debatable
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 14 No. 5, September 2018
No full textDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.5.i
Karakteristik morfologi dan sebaran tipe kawin Phytophthora capsici asal lada di Pulau Jawa
Get PDFMorphology characters and mating types distribution of Phytophthora capsici from black pepper in Java IslandPepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most important spice crops in Indonesia. Recently its production declining due to infection of foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen has two different mating types, namely A1 and A2, in which the presence of opposite two mating types is important for sexual reproduction and formation of oospores. The movement of pepper seedling from one area to another is highly facilitated alteration of mating type distribution map of P. capsici. The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological characteristics and the spread of mating types of P. capsici in Java. Morphology characters of P. capsici isolates were indicated by variation in sporangial size and shape, as well as types of colony appearance. The length (l) and width (w) of sporangium were in the range of 15.1–76.2 µm and 9.8–44.8 µm, respectively; while the l/w ratio was 1.12–2.27. Mating type assay showed that A2 type was more dominantly found than A1 type. This study found two different mating types present in the same area, i.e. Regency of Pacitan (East Java) and Regency of Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta). The findings of this research suggested that it is required more strict control strategy on the mobilization of black pepper seedling particularly in the area where the certain mating type is not found yet so that the emergence of new more virulent genotype of pathogen can be prevented
Identitas Spesies Botrytis pada Tanaman Hortikultura Di Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Get PDFIdentity of Botrytis Species on Horticultural Crops In West Java, IndonesiaBotrytis species are economically important pathogens with a very broad host range including more than 200 horticultural crops. The identity of these fungus found in Indonesia has not been investigated and need to be reconfirmed due to the species variations of Botrytis found worldwide. The aims of this research were to identify Botrytis species infecting crops in West Java based on its morphology and molecular characteristics, as well as its pathogenicity traits. Based on morphological characters, all 25 isolates found were identified as B. cinerea. ITS-based sequences of the 8 isolates showed 96-100% similarity to reported B. cinerea in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all collected B. cinerea were grouped in the same cluster with Australia, Netherlands, and other Asian region isolates. Pathogenicity tests using strawberry fruits demonstrated that all isolates were pathogenic as indicated by grey mold symptom development; the isolates from orchid showed the highest virulence. This research is the first report confirming Botrytis cinerea identity based on morphology and molecular methods in Indonesia, and also confirmed B. cinerea as the only species of Botrytis found in West Java
Infeksi Alami Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus dan Sweet potato virus C Pada Ubi Jalar di Malang, Jawa Timur
Get PDFGejala tulang daun kuning (vein yellowing) dan malformasi daun yang diduga disebabkan oleh virus ditemukan pada ubi jalar IR Melati di daerah Kendalpayak, Malang, Jawa Timur. Amplifikasi DNA/cDNA menggunakan primer universal Begomovirus, Potyvirus, dan Cucumovirus menunjukkan positif teramplifikasi DNA dengan primer universal Begomovirus, dan Potyvirus, namun negatif dengan primer universal Cucumovirus. Berdasarkan runutan sikuen nukleotida, gejala tulang daun kuning dan malformasi daun disebabkan oleh infeksi ganda Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) dan Sweet potato virus C (SPVC). Analisis identitas DNA dengan perangkat lunak BioEdit menunjukkan homologi paling tinggi sebesar 98.5% terhadap PYLCV isolat cabai dari Bangli Bali, dan sebesar 98% terhadap SPVC dengan isolat ubi jalar asal Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Laporan ini merupakan temuan baru infeksi alami PYLCV dan SPVC pada ubi jalar di Indonesia.Virus-like infection with vein yellowing and leaf malformation symptoms were observed on sweet potato IR Melati at Kendalpayak, Malang, East Java. Amplification of DNA/cDNA was carried out using universal primer of Begomovirus, Potyvirus and Cucumovirus showed successfully amplified by universal primer of Begomovirus and Potyvirus, while negatively to universal primer of Cucumovirus. Based on nucleotide sequences, the vein yellowing and leaf malformation symptoms on sweet potato caused by double infection of Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) and Sweet potato virus C (SPVC). DNA identity analysis using BioEdit software showed highest homology up to 98.5% to one of PYLCV isolates from Bali, and up to 98.0% to sweet potato isolate of SPVC from Japan and USA. This is a new finding of natural infection of PYLCV and SPVC on sweet potato in Indonesia
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 14 No. 6, November 2018
No full textDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.6.
Bakteri Endofit asal Tanaman Tembakau sebagai Agens Pengendali Meloidogyne spp.
Get PDFEndophytic Bacteria from Tobacco Plant as Biocontrol Agent of Meloidogyne spp.Soilborne disease on tobacco plants caused by fungal and bacterial infection in association with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) may cause significant yield loss. Endophytic bacteria have been recognized as biological control agent for Meloidogyne spp. as well as plant promoting growth agent. Research was conducted to evaluate endophytic bacteria isolated from tobacco plants as biological control agent for Meloidogyne spp. infecting tobacco. A total of 215 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from root of two tobacco varieties, Kemloko and Prancak 95. Biosafety screening showed that 80 isolates (37%) and 7 isolates (8%) gave negative reaction on hypersensitivity test and hemolysis test, respectively. Seven isolates i.e. TPT3.10, TPT2.1, TK3n8, TK2t21, TK2n8, TK3n1 and TK2t11 were able to promote plant growth and increase the mortality of juvenile Meloidogyne spp. Physiological characterization of endophytic bacteria showed that most of the isolates were able to produce protease enzyme, phosphate, nitrogen and HCN. The same isolates were also able to suppress the number of galls from 80.09% up to 93.82%. Two isolates, TPT3.10 and TK2n8, are considered having the best suppression on root gall formation