Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Bakteri Agens Hayati Potensial terhadap Patogen Penting pada Padi
Get PDFSaat ini teknologi pengendalian hayati penyakit utama padi terus berkembang. Dalam pengembangan teknologi pengendalian hayati, mekanisme penghambatan patogen dalam perkembangan penyakit pada suatu populasi tumbuhan dalam area tertentu menjadi hal yang penting. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri agens hayati potensial dalam pengendalian penyakit penting padi di antaranya yang disebabkan Pyricularia oryzae, Xanthomnas oryzae pv. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Burkholderia glumae, dan Drechlera oryzae, berdasarkan mekanisme antagonisme, kemampuan menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman, serta kompatibilitas antaragens hayati. Ralstonia pickettii TT47, Pseudomonas fluorescens P12, Chromobacterium sp. T51118, Bacillus subtilis 451 dan 154, serta Streptomyces sp. T51105 dibuktikan memiliki mekanisme antibiosis dengan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder dan senyawa volatil. Berdasarkan uji produksi enzim kitinolitik Chromobacterium sp. dan Streptomyces sp. memiliki mekanisme lisis. Aktivitas antibiotik R. pickettii dan P. fluorescens tergolong kuat terhadap P. oryzae dengan penekanan secara berurutan sebesar 79.68% dan 77.59% pada uji biakan ganda. Penekanan pertumbuhan miselium P. oryzae dan R. solani pada uji volatil mencapai 100% oleh Chromobacterium sp. Semua agens hayati umumnya mampu menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman. Uji kompatibilitas menunjukan R. pickettii, P. fluorescens, dan Chromobacterium sp. bersifat kompatibel. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tiga bakteri agens hayati dengan kategori unggul, yaitu P. fluorescens P12, R. pickettii TT47, dan Chromobacterium sp. T51118. Ketiganya mampu menekan pertumbuhan patogen, menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman, memiliki patogen sasaran yang lebih beragam, serta bersifat kompatibel.The Potential Biological Agent Bacteria Against for Controling Important Pathogens on Rice
At present, biological control technology for the main diseases of rice continues to grow. In the development of biological control technology, inhibition mechanism of pathogens in the development of disease in a plant population in a certain area becomes important. The aim of this study was to obtain potential biological agent bacteria for controlling important rice diseases based on antagonistic mechanism, ability to induce plant resistance and support plant fitness, and their compatibility. The results showed that Ralstonia pickettii TT47, Pseudomonas fluorescens P12, Chromobacterium sp. T51118, Bacillus subtilis 451 and 154, and Streptomyces sp. T51105 have an antibiosis mechanism by producing secondary metabolites and volatile compounds. Additionaly, Chromobacterium sp. and Streptomyces sp. also have a lysis mechanism on the basis of the chitinolityc enzyme production test. The antibiotic activity of R. pickettii and P. fluorescens were strong to P. oryzae on dual culture test with the highest inhibition up to 79.68% and 77.59% respectively. Inhibition growth of P. oryzae and R. solani mycelium on volatile tests up to 100% by Chromobacterium sp. T51118. Generally, all of biological agents were able to induce plant resistance and support to plant fitness. Compatibility test obtained R. pickettii, P. fluorescens, and Chromobacterium sp. were compatible. Based on the results, three biocontrol agent bacteria, namely P. fluorescens P12, R. pickettii TT47, and Chromobacterium sp. T51118 were excellent. They were able to suppress the growth of pathogens, were able to induce plant resistance and support plant fitness, as well as they have more diverse target pathogens, and compatible
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 15 No. 1, Maret 2019
No full textEditorial ini berisi cover depan, halaman redaksi dan cover belakang Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, Volume 15, No. 1, Maret 2019
Keefektifan Perlakuan Air Panas terhadap Nematoda Ditylenchus destructor pada Umbi Bawang Putih
Get PDFThe Effectiveness of Hot Water Treatment Against Nematode Ditylenchus destructor on Garlic BulbsThe high importation of garlic increases the risk of entry and spread of Ditylenchus to Indonesia. The hot water treatment (HWT) has the potential to be developed as an effective and safe method for elimination Ditylenchus in garlic. The aim of the current research was to examine effectiveness of HWT application on imported garlic to eliminated Ditylenchus. The research consisted of garlic sampling, nematode identification and determination of population abundance, and HWT. Samples were taken from traditional markets. The range of HWT temperature tested was 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 55 °C for 20 minutes and control. Optimization of treatment time was carried out at 49–51 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes and control. The results showed that based on morphological characters the parasitic nematodes that infect imported garlic from China were D. destructor. Nematode populations are varied in the sample, the highest number was 508 nematodes per 50 g of garlic. Hot water temperature at 41–51 °C did not affect the quality of garlic, and the temperature of 49–55 °C caused 100% nematode mortality. Hot water at 49 °C for 20–30 minutes or 51 °C for 20–25 minutes effectively eliminated Ditylenchus in garlic without affecting the garlic quality. The research confirmed the presence of D. destructor in imported garlic imported from China, so it is recommended to tighten inspection at a port of entry and monitoring its potential spread in Indonesia
Trichoderma dan Gliocladium untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Busuk Akar Fusarium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFTrichoderma and Gliocladium for Controling Fusarium Root Rot Disease of Oil Palm SeedlingsFusarium spp. have been reported as the causal agent of common spear rot and crown rot diseases on oil palm. An effective strategy to control these diseases is not available yet. This research was aimed to find biocontrol agents for effective control of crown rot disease on oil palm seedlings caused by Fusarium spp. The experiment consisted of 3 parts i.e. pathogenicity test of 3 isolates of Fusarium, identification and in vitro test of biocontrol agents, and in planta test of biocontrol agents against Fusarium spp. In vitro test was done through dual culture test and test for volatile compound produced by the biocontrol agents. In planta test was conducted through inoculation of Fusarium spp. into oil palm seedlings growing on medium containing selected biocontrol agents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens, T. inhamatum, and Gliocladium fimbriatum. In vitro test showed that Gliocladium fimbriatum 1 and 2 were inhibited effectively the growth of Fusarium spp. on the dual culture test, whereas T. harzianum Gadingrejo 2 was inhibited effectively the growth of Fusarium spp. on volatile compound test. The application of biocontrol agents was effective to protect oil palm seedlings from Fusarium spp. infection
Sclerotium rolfsii, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Hippeastrum sp.
Get PDFSclerotium rolfsii, a the Causal Agent of Stem Rot Disease on Hippeastrum sp.Symptoms of stem rot that cause Hippeastrum sp. or red lily wither, leaves turn yellow, and eventually die found at Mangliawan Village, District of Pakis, Malang - East Java. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens that cause root rot disease on lily plants and find out their host range. Sclerotium from the symptomatic base of the plant was isolated on potato dextrose agar medium. Fungus was identified based on the morphological characteristics of the colonies and mycelium. Host range test of pathogen was carried out by manual inoculation on Rain lily (Zephyranthes) St. Bernard\u27s lily (Chlorophytum) and Beach Spider lily (Hymenocallis). The results of the identification showed that the fungus had white mycelium and formed sclerotium. Sclerotium is irregularly rounded, white when young, and dark brown when ripe, and forms 10 days after incubation. In hyphae, there are branching, septa, and clam connections. Based on the morphological characteristics of the disease the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. In the host range test, the fungus was able to infect rain lilies and paris lilies, but not in spider lilies. This is the first report of S. rolfsii infection in lily in Indonesia
Morfologi dan Morfometri Nematoda Sista Kentang (Globodera spp.) Asal Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFThe Morphology and Morphometry of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) from Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Central JavaIn Indonesia, the potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in 2003, at potato plantation in Batu, East Java. Golden cyst (Globodera rostochiensis) was detected in Bandung, West Java; Banjarnegara, Central Java; Batu, East Java; and Gowa, South Sulawesi, whereas the pale cyst (G. pallida) has been reported at limited distribution in Dataran Tinggi Dieng (Central Java). The aim of this research was to identify the Globodera species of Dataran Tinggi Dieng based on morphological and morphometrical methods. Soil samples were collected from Dieng plateau at 30 selected potato plantations ranging from 1 100 – 2 100 m above sea level. The identification of PCN was done by observing the morphological and morphometrical key characters of cysts and second juveniles (J2). Two species of Globodera, that are G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, were identified from soil samples. The key characters of G. pallida including distinct forward projection of J2 stylet knob, granek’s ratio value less than 3, and number of cuticular ridges between vulval basin and anus are less than 12 were identified. There were 25 specimens that having granek’s ratio less than 3, and 10 specimens having cuticular ridges number less than 12. G. rostochiensis which has the shape of a stylet knob protrudes posteriorly and the value of the granek’s ratio greater than 3.5 was identified in 30 specimens.
Insidensi Virus dan Cendawan pada Biji dan Umbi Bawang Merah
Get PDFIncidence of Viruses and Fungi on True Shallot Seed and Shallot Bulb Shallot is an important vegetable in Indonesia. Shallot farmers generally use bulbs as planting material even though there is an option to use true shallot seed (TSS). One important criteria for a good seed quality as planting material is pathogen free. Research was conducted to detect and identify viruses and fungi from TSS and shallot seed bulbs cultivars Bima, Bauji, Thailand, and Tuk-Tuk. Virus detection was carried out by DIBA (dot immunobinding assay) method using specific antiserum to OYDV, SLV, SYSV, and GCLV. Detection and identification of fungi was carried out by blotter test method and polymerase chain reaction. Infection of OYDV, GCLV, SYSV, and SLV were only detected in shallot bulbs with infection rates ranging from 66% to 100%. Four species of fungi were detected in TSS and bulbs, i.e. Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, F. solani, and Rhizopus sp; whereas F.oxysporum was only found in bulbs. All isolates of F. oxysporum was pathogenic and cause disease incidence up to 55%. Pathogenic isolate of F. oxysporum had 100% homology to those isolate from China and USA on the spesies level and 91.2% to those isolate from India and USA to the forma spesies level
Aktivitas Metabolit Sekunder Cendawan Endofit terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum pada Cabai Merah
Get PDFActivity of Fungal Endophyte Secondary Metabolites against Colletotrichum acutatum on Chili PepperColletotrichum acutatum is one of anthracnose causal agents on chili pepper that has been reported to be predominant species in a some regions of Java Island. Secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi have been reported to have a potency as antifungal agents against plant pathogen. However, its antifungal activity against C. acutatum has not been reported yet. This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of fungal endophyte secondary metabolite against C. acutatum at in vitro and in vivo assay. In vitro assay was conducted to evaluate antifungal activity of fungal endophyte CBR1D14 isolate culture filtrate (FCBR) and mycelia extract (MCBR) in inhibiting conidial germination of C. acutatum. The results of in vitro assay showed that ethyl acetate extract of FCBR (EA FCBR) had the highest activity in inhibiting C. acutatum conidial germination. Methanol fraction from the partition of EA FCBR (FM FCBR) and from the partition of MCBR ethyl acetate extract (FM MCBR) showed the ability in inhibiting C. acutatum conidial germination. In vivo assay to chili pepper fruit showed that the treatment of FM FCBR (IC95 609.9 µg mL-1) and FM MCBR (IC95 1178.27 µg mL-1) decreased anthracnose disease incidence and lesion diameter. The efficacy rate of FM FCBR and FM MCBR treatments against anthracnose was 36.72 and 48.68%, respectively. Bioautography test was done on silica gel thin layer chromatogram. Methanol fraction of FCBR and MCBR were separated into 3 bioautographic spots respectively (Rf 0.04, 0.07, 0.7 for FM FCBR and Rf 0.06, 0.52, 0.7 for FM MCBR)
Simulasi Sebaran Penyakit Blas Pada Tanaman Padi Menggunakan Model Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Karawang dan Purwakarta
Get PDFDispersal Simulation of Rice Blast Disease Using Spatial Multi Criteria Evalution Model: Case Study In District of Karawang and PurwakartaRice blast is caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The potential epidemic of this disease can be spatially simulated using the MCA (Multi Criteria Analysis) method based on geographical characteristics, cultivation practices, and eviromental condition. A software that can be used for MCA is SMCE (Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation). This study was aimed to predict the spatial dispersal of blast disease using SMCE model, and identify the factors that supports the epidemic. The study was conducted in February - August 2018 in Karawang and Purwakarta District. The research methods include observing the severity of blast disease, cultivation practices and environmental conditions, and analyzing SMCE. The SMCE analysis uses rice crop maps from the Sistem Monitoring Pertanaman Padi (Simotandi), which consists of grouping factors, standardizing factors, and weighting factors. The SMCE results are a simulation map of blast disease dispersal which is then compiled with predictions of its severity. Accuracy of prediction results was evaluated by MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) based on observational data on actual disease severity. The prediction results for Karawang and Purwakarta showed means of accuration 78.16% and 73.95% respectively. In general, factors that have a strong influence on the development of blast disease include altitude, distance from source of the epidemic, history of disease in the fields, number of spores (inoculum) trapped, irrigation quality, application of herbicides, soil nutrient (N, P, K) contents and the level of soil acidity
Keragaman Cendawan Pascapanen pada Umbi Bawang Merah Varietas Bima Brebes
Get PDFDiversity of Postharvest Fungi on Shallot Bulbs Variety Bima BrebesIn Indonesia, shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is horticultural main commodity after hot pepper. Significant yield losses can be caused by postharvest fungi infection. Research on the diversity of postharvest fungi on shallot bulbs has been conducted in some countries, unfortunately little is done in Indonesia. The study was aimed to obtain information on the diversity of postharvest fungi infecting shallot bulbs variety Bima Brebes from several traditional markets in Bogor City. Shallot bulbs were collected in January and February 2016. The study consisted of fungal isolation from shallot bulbs, fungal pathogenicity test, and identification of pathogenic fungi based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphology identification was based on the color of fungal colony, growth pattern, as well as somatic and reproduction structures. Several species of pathogenic fungi were successfully identified from shallot bulbs i.e. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum and P. pinophilum. Among these fungi, the highest pathogenicity was shown by C. gloeosporioides species complex