Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Komponen Epidemi Penyakit Busuk Akar dan Pangkal Batang Tebu di Sumatera Selatan
Get PDFEpidemic Components of Sugarcane Root and Basal Stem Rot In South Sumatra
Root and basal stem rot disease is one of new disease that currently was became a emerging problem on sugarcane plantations in Lampung and South Sumatra. The research was aimed to study the model of disease progression, AUDPC, infection rate (r), and the influence of weather and soil condition (physical and chemical properties of soil) on the development of sugarcane root and basal stem rot disease. The research was conducted on sugar cane plantation in South Sumatra. The disease incidence in three varieties was observed weekly in the field which had infected plant in previous year.. The data were analyzed to develop model of the disease progression, AUDPC, and the rate of root and basal stem rot disease. Weekly weather data was acquired from weather station of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Airport, Palembang. Soil sample was taken from three disease category i.e moderate (disease incidence 25,1% - 50%), severe (disease incidence 50,1% - 75%), and healthy (no disease). The results showed that the disease develops following monomolecular and logistic models. The AUPDC and infection rate (r) in the monomolecular model were lower than in the logistic model. The direct effect coefficient of rainfall and relative humidity (RH) on the disease were positive (1.27 and 0.46 respectively), contrary the temperature and duration of irradiation which had a negative coefficient (-0.33 and -0.45 respectively). Meanwhile, K availability and permeability give a positive effect on the disease, while the total N and Fe availability give a negative effect on the disease.Epidemic Components of Sugarcane Root and Basal Stem Rot In South Sumatra
Penyakit busuk akar dan pangkal batang (BAPB) tebu merupakan penyakit baru yang saat ini muncul menjadi masalah di perkebunan tebu di Lampung dan Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui model perkembangan penyakit, AUDPC, laju infeksi (r), dan pengaruh anasir cuaca dan kondisi tanah (sifat fisika dan kimia tanah) pada perkembangan penyakit busuk akar dan pangkal batang tebu di Sumatera Selatan. Pengamatan penyakit BAPB dilakukan pada tiga varietas tebu yang berbeda pada lahan yang tahun sebelumnya terdapat serangan penyebab penyakit. Pengamatan insidensi penyakit diamati tiap minggu selama delapan minggu. Data insidensi penyakit digunakan untuk menganalisis model perkembangan penyakit, AUDPC, dan laju infeksi penyakit BAPB tebu. Data mingguan kondisi anasir cuaca diambil dari BMKG Bandara Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin, Palembang. Sampel tanah diambil dari tiga kategori insidensi penyakit, yaitu sehat (tidak ada serangan), sedang (insidensi penyakit 25.1%–50%), dan berat (insidensi penyakit 50.1%–75%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit berkembang mengikuti model monomolekuler dan logistik. Nilai AUPDC dan laju infeksi (r) pada model monomolekuler lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan model logistik. Koefisien efek langsung curah hujan dan kelembapan relatif pada penyakit ialah positif (1.27 dan 0.46 berturut-turut), bertentangan dengan suhu dan durasi iradiasi yang memiliki koefisien negatif (-0.33 dan -0.45 berturut-turut). Sementara itu, K tersedia dan permeabilitas berpengaruh positif pada penyakit, sedangkan kandungan N total dan Fe tersedia berpengaruh negatif pada penyakit
Deteksi dan Identifikasi Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp.) pada Tanaman Bit Menggunakan Metode DNA Barcoding
Get PDFDetection and Identification Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Sugar Beet Using DNA Barcoding Method
Nematode identification based on morphological characters requires high accuracy and needs to be supported by molecular identification results. One method of molecular identification is DNA barcodes. DNA barcode is a molecular identification using the cythochrome oxidase sub unit 1 (CO1) gene. This study aims to identify NPA associated with beetroot based on PCR and Meloidogyne CO1 nucleotide gene sequencing. Beetroot samples were obtained from agricultural land located in Cipanas District, Cianjur Regency, West Java. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. Morphological identification by observing the perineal pattern of female NPA. Molecular identification includes extraction, amplification, DNA visualization, nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis. Morphological perineal pattern observations obtained M. incognita and M. arenaria species. DNA amplification was carried out using CO1SIF (5’-GCCTGCATTTGGTTAG-‘3) and CO1SIR (5’-TCAAACCAGTCCT-‘3), CO1SAF (5’-GGGTACTGGATGAACATTA-‘3) and CO1SAR (5’-ACTTCAGGATGACCAAA-‘3). DNA amplification succeeded in getting a DNA band measuring ± 360 for M. arenaria and ± 326 for M. incognita. The sequencing results showed that M. incognita isolates from Indonesia were closely related to M. incognita isolates from China, US, UK, and Vietnam with a 100% homology level. The results of the phylogeny analysis showed that M. incognita Indonesia was still in the same group as M. incognita from China, US, UK, and Vietnam. M. arenaria isolates were closely related to M. arenaria isolates from Argentina and US with a homology level of 100%. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that M. arenaria from Indonesia was still in the same group as M. arenaria from Argentina and US.Identifikasi nematoda berdasarkan karakter morfologi memerluan ketelitian tinggi dan perlu didukung hasil identifikasi secara molekuler. Salah satu metode identifikasi molekuler ialah dengan DNA barcode. DNA barcode merupakan identifikasi molekuler dengan menggunakan gen cytochrome oksidase sub unit 1 (CO1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi NPA yang berasosiasi pada tanaman bit berdasarkan PCR dan perunutan nukleotida gen CO1 Meloidogyne. Sampel umbi bit diperoleh dari lahan pertanian yang terletak di Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Identifikasi morfologi dengan mengamati pola perineal NPA betina. Identifikasi molekuler meliputi ekstraksi, amplifikasi, visualisasi DNA, analisis peruntutan nukleotida dan filogenetika. Hasil pengamatan pola perineal secara morfologi didapatkan spesies M. incognita dan M. arenaria. Amplifikasi DNA yang dilakukan menggunakan primer spesifik CO1SIF (5’-GCCTGCATTTGGTTAG-‘3) dan CO1SIR (5’-TCAAACCAGTCCT-‘3), CO1SAF (5’-GGGTACTGGATGAACATTA-‘3) dan CO1SAR (5’-ACTTCAGGATGACCAAA-‘3)berhasil mendapatkan pita DNA berukuran ± 360 untuk M. arenaria dan ± 326 untuk M. incognita. Hasil sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa isolat M. incognita asal Indonesia berkerabat dekat dengan isolat M. incognita asal Cina, Amerika Serikat, Vietnam, dan Inggris dengan tingkat homologi 100%. Hasil analisis filogenetika menunjukkan bahwa M. incognita Indonesia masih satu kelompok dengan M. incognita asal Cina, Amerika Serikat, Vietnam dan Inggris. Adapun isolat M. arenaria berkerabat dekat dengan isolat M. arenaria asal Argentina dan Amerika Serikat dengan tingkat homologi 100%. Hasil analisis filogenetika menunjukkan bahwa M. arenaria asal Indonesia masih satu kelompok dengan M. arenaria asal Argentina dan Amerika Serikat
Bakteri Endofit dari Tumbuhan Paku-pakuan sebagai Agens Hayati Rhizoctonia solani dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi
Get PDFRhizoctonia solani is one of the important pathogens that causes sheath blight disease in rice plants that are difficult to be controlled. Biological control with endophytic bacteria is a potential alternative because of its ability to live in plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease and can increase plant growth and resistance. The purpose of this study was to explore endophytic bacteria from root and stem parts from three different types of ferns, namely Salvinia molesta (water nail), Pteris ensiformis (terrestrial nail), and Drymoglossum pilosolloides (epiphytic nails) and to evaluate their potential as biological control agents against R. solani and plant growth promoters. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was grown on trypsic soy agar (TSA) and nutrient agar (NA). Bacterial isolates were purified and tested for their biosafety by hypersensitivity and hemolysis test. A total of 178 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated and 88 isolates showed negative reactions after hypersensitivity and hemolysis test. The isolates were tested for their antagonism activity under in vitro test against R. solani and plant growth activity. The result showed four isolates of endophytic bacteria, namely APE15, APE22, APE33, and APE35 with inhibition activity of 27% -76% in three different medium TSA, potato dextrose agar (PDA) and TSA + PDA medium. Endophytic bacteria are also able to increase rice germination up to 4.9%–48.8% and increase rice root display of 68.3% –95.4%, shoot length 53.2%–87.3%, plant fresh weight 49.07%–90.65% and plant dry weight 48.1%–87.3%. These results indicated that ferns contain several endophytic bacteria that can be cultured which have effective antimicrobial compounds, and can be used as biological control agent against R. solani and plant growth promoters.Rhizoctonia solani merupakan salah satu patogen penting penyebab penyakit hawar seludang pada tanaman padi. Patogen ini termasuk yang sulit dikendalikan karena bersifat kosmopolit, mampu bertahan di dalam tanah, dan memiliki kisaran inang yang banyak. Pengendalian secara biologi dengan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif yang potensial karena kemampuannya hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta ketahanan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengeksplorasi bakteri endofit dari bagian batang akar dari tiga jenis tumbuhan paku yang berbeda, yaitu Salvinia molesta (paku air), Pteris ensiformis (paku terestrial), dan Drymoglossum pilosolloides (paku epifit) dan mengevaluasi potensinya sebagai agens hayati R. solani dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan pada medium tripsic soy agar (TSA) dan nutrient agar (NA). Isolat bakteri dimurnikan dan diuji keamanan hayati dengan uji hipersensitifitas dan hemolisis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 178 isolat bakteri endofit dan sebanyak 88 isolat menunjukkan reaksi negatif pada uji hipersensitisfitas dan uji hemolisis. Selanjutnya, isolat tersebut diuji dual test secara in vitro terhadap R. solani dan didapatkan 4 isolat bakteri endofit (APE15, APE22, APE33, dan APE35) dengan daya hambat dari 27–76% pada medium TSA, agar-agar dekstrosa kentang (ADK), dan TSA + ADK. Hasil uji pertumbuhan empat isolat terhadap benih padi varietas Situ Bagendit menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit mampu meningkatkan persentase perkecambahan padi 4.9% – 48.8%, meningkat panjang akar padi 68.3%–95.4%, panjang pucuk 53.2%–87.3%, bobot segar 49.07%–90.65%, dan bobot kering 48.1%–87.3%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan paku mengandung beberapa bakteri endofit yang dapat dikulturkan dan memiliki senyawa antimikrob yang efektif, serta dapat digunakan sebagai sumber agens hayati terhadap patogen R. solani dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman
Faktor Lingkungan dan Teknik Budi daya terhadap Epidemi Penyakit Mati Meranggas pada Pohon Pala di Aceh Selatan
Get PDFFaktor budi daya yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan penyakit tanaman ialah lingkungan dan teknik budi daya. Kedua faktor tersebut merupakan salah satu dasar dalam menentukan strategi pengendalian penyakit. Oleh karena itu, analisis faktor tersebut perlu dilakukan untuk penyakit yang tergolong baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor lingkungan terhadap epidemi penyakit mati meranggas pada tanaman pala di Aceh Selatan. Pengamatan lapangan untuk mengukur insidensi penyakit dilakukan di 36 kebun sampel pada Kecamatan Labuhan Haji, Meukek, Sawang, Samadua, Tapak Tuan, dan Pasie Raja yang merupakan sentra pala di Aceh Selatan. Selain itu, cara bercocok tanam dan kondisi lahan dari petani pemilik kebun contoh didata. Data lingkungan terkait dengan kondisi cuaca diperoleh dari Badan Metereologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika setempat. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, insidensi penyakit tertinggi muncul pada saat umur tanaman berumur di atas 50 tahun dengan pola tanam monokultur serta tanpa pengendalian gulma. Faktor lingkungan sebagai pemicu terjadinya insidensi penyakit mati meranggas pala di Aceh Selatan adalah curah hujan dan bulan basah yang semakin menurun serta perbedaan topografi.Environmental factors and cultivation techniques are important in the development of plant diseases. These factors become the bases in determining disease control strategies. Therefore, an analysis of these factors is required especially for new reported diseases. This study aimed to identify environmental factors and cultivation techniques for the epidemic of dieback disease of nutmeg in South Aceh. Field observation to assess disease incidence were carried out in 36 plantations in 6 sub districts in South Aceh as nutmeg central production areas, i.e. Labuhan Haji, Meukek, Sawang, Samadua, Tapak Tuan, and Raja Raja. In addition, data collection was carried out on crop management and field condition. Environmental data related to weather conditions were obtained from the local meteorology and climatology agency. Based on field observation, the highest disease incidence was observed on old trees (above 50 years), with a monoculture planting system and without weed control practices. Environmental factors that triggered dieback disease in South Aceh involved decreasing rain fall and rainy days, and topography variation
Uromyces acori (Uredinales) Penyebab Nekrosis pada Daun Tanaman Jeringau (Acorus calamus) di Indonesia
Get PDFUromyces acori (Uredinales) A Causal Agent of Rust Disease of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) in Indonesia
In Indonesia, an asexual state of a rust fungus namely Uredo acori has been considered as the causal agent rust disease of the sweet flag. No report according sexual state is available in Indonesia. The objectives of the present study are confirming the fungal identity morphologically and determine its optimal germinating temperature. An artificial inoculation was conducted by dusting the urediniospore onto detached leaves of sweet flag. Only leaves showed uredinia were selected. The tip bases of the leaves were dipped into a 4% sucrose solution, incubated in a room condition at 25 °C for inducing telial state with teliospore formations. Based on morphological characters of the teliospore and urediniospore, the rust fungus of sweet flag was identified as Uromyces acori. The fungus is germinating optimally at 25 °C.Uromyces acori (Uredinales) A Causal Agent of Rust Disease of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) in Indonesia
In Indonesia, an asexual state of a rust fungus namely Uredo acori has been considered as the causal agent rust disease of the sweet flag. No report according sexual state is available in Indonesia. The objectives of the present study are confirming the fungal identity morphologically and determine its optimal germinating temperature. An artificial inoculation was conducted by dusting the urediniospore onto detached leaves of sweet flag. Only leaves showed uredinia were selected. The tip bases of the leaves were dipped into a 4% sucrose solution, incubated in a room condition at 25 °C for inducing telial state with teliospore formations. Based on morphological characters of the teliospore and urediniospore, the rust fungus of sweet flag was identified as Uromyces acori. The fungus is germinating optimally at 25 °C
Konjugat Poliklonal Antibodi Nanopartikel Emas untuk Deteksi Potato Virus Y
Get PDFPolyclonal Antibodi-Gold Nanoparticles for Potato Virus Y Detection
Gold nanoparticles are stable colloidal solutions with dimensions of 1-100 nm having surface plasmon resonance with six free electrons. The existing of six free electrons on the surface of a plasmon causes gold nanoparticles to bind easily to various types of bioreseptors including polyclonal antibodies. Polyclonal potato virus Y (PVP) antibodi been successfully conjugate with gold nanoparticles in order to develop a rapid detection for PVY infection in potato plants. The gold nanoparticles was synthetized by the reduction of gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4) with 1% sodium citrate. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were used to make gold nanoparticle-antiobody PVY-conjugate. PVY detection was carried out with dot blot method on the nitrocellulose membrane. The results showed that the PVY virus on the membrane can be detected 10-30 minutes after incubation, depend on the concentration of the conjugate and the concentration of the virus in the sampel. The use of gold nanoparticle conjugates can increase the efficiency of the immunodot blot method in about 1 hour, and this method can be developed to be a lateral flow system for field detection of PVY.Polyclonal Antibodi-Gold Nanoparticles for Potato Virus Y Detection
Gold nanoparticles are stable colloidal solutions with dimensions of 1-100 nm having surface plasmon resonance with six free electrons. The existing of six free electrons on the surface of a plasmon causes gold nanoparticles to bind easily to various types of bioreseptors including polyclonal antibodies. Polyclonal potato virus Y (PVP) antibodi been successfully conjugate with gold nanoparticles in order to develop a rapid detection for PVY infection in potato plants. The gold nanoparticles was synthetized by the reduction of gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4) with 1% sodium citrate. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were used to make gold nanoparticle-antiobody PVY-conjugate. PVY detection was carried out with dot blot method on the nitrocellulose membrane. The results showed that the PVY virus on the membrane can be detected 10-30 minutes after incubation, depend on the concentration of the conjugate and the concentration of the virus in the sampel. The use of gold nanoparticle conjugates can increase the efficiency of the immunodot blot method in about 1 hour, and this method can be developed to be a lateral flow system for field detection of PVY
Incidence of Bacterial Grain Rot Disease, Identification, and Diversity of Burkolderia glumae in Some Rice Varieties in West Java
No full textPenyakit busuk bulir padi oleh bakteri Burkholderia glumae perlu diwaspadai termasuk di Jawa Barat sebagai salah satu sentra produksi padi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan insidensi penyakit, identitas dan keragaman bakteri B. glumae pada beberapa varietas padi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pengamatan insidensi penyakit dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 9 kabupaten. Bakteri diisolasi dari bulir padi yang bergejala busuk bulir kemudian dilakukan uji biokimia dan fisiologi yang meliputi uji Gram serta uji pertumbuhan pada pH 4.8, dan NaCl 2%. Variasi fenotipik diamati dari warna koloni pada medium S-PG, produksi toksofalvin, respons hipersensitivitas pada daun tembakau, dan uji patogenisitas pada tanaman padi. Primer spesifik JLBgF/JLBgR dan primer universal 16S rRNA, yaitu 27F/1492R digunakan untuk menentukan identitas bakteri secara molekuler. Insidensi penyakit di lapangan berkisar antara 0–73.3%, tertinggi di Kecamatan Dawuan (Karawang) pada var. Mekongga. Berdasarkan uji biokimia dan fisiologi diperoleh 29 isolat terkonfirmasi sebagai B. glumae. Hasil pengamatan fenotipik menunjukkan 10 isolat tergolong koloni tipe A, 19 isolat tipe B; 25 isolat menghasilkan toksoflavin; 29 isolat menimbulkan respons hipersensitivitas pada daun tembakau dan gejala hawar pada tanaman padi. Identifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik dan universal membuktikan 29 isolat adalah B. glumae. Analisis keragaman genotip menunjukkan bahwa isolat KRCH-2 (Karawang) dan INCH-6 (Indramayu) memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan B. glumae asal Cina dan AmerikaIncidence of Bacterial Grain Rot Disease, Identification, and Diversity of Burkolderia glumae in Some Rice Varieties in West Java
Rice rot disease caused by the bacteria Burkholderia glumae needs to be looked out, including in West Java as one of rice production center for Indonesia. This study was carried out to determine disease incidence, identity and diversity of B. glumae in several rice varieties grown in West Java Province. Sampling and observation of disease incidence were conducted in 9 districts. Bacteria were isolated from rice grains with symptomatic rot, followed by biochemical and physiological tests involving Gram and growing tests at pH 4.8 and 2% NaCl. Phenotypic variation was observed from the colony color on S-PG media, toxofalvin production, hypersensitivity response to tobacco leaves, and pathogenicity test on rice plants. B. glumae specific primers, JLBgF/JLBgR, and bacteria universal 16S rRNA primers, 27F/1492R were used to determine molecular identity. Genotypic diversity analysis was performed using neighbour-joining tree method. Disease incidence was in the range of 0–73.3%, the highest was found in Dawuan District (Karawang) on var. Mekongga. The phenotypic observations showed 10 isolates belonging to type A colonies and 19 isolates of type B; 25 isolates produced toxoflavin; 29 isolates produced hypersensitivity responses to tobacco leaves and blight symptoms in rice plants. Identification using specific and universal primers confirmed that 29 isolates were B. glumae. The genotypic diversity analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that KRCH-2 isolates (Karawang) and INCH-6 (Indramayu) were closely related to B. glumae from China and America
Penyakit Mosaik Kuning Pada Kedelai
Get PDFLedakan penyakit mosaik kuning yang disebabkan oleh Mungbean yellow mosaic India Begomovirus (MYMIV) terjadi pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) di Jawa pada 2008. Namun penyakit ini belum dilaporkan di daerah lainnya di Indonesia. Tanaman kedelai di Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Bantul, DI Yogyakarta, dan Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan menunjukkan gejala sistemik berupa mosaik kuning pada daun dengan tulang daun lebih gelap (vein banding) dan diduga terinfeksi MYMIV. Deteksi dan identifikasi virus dilakukan dengan metode polimerase chain reaction (PCR) dengan menggunakan primer spesifik MYMIV. Hasil amplifikasi menghasilkan pita DNA berukuran 1000 pb. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kedelai yang bergejala mosaik kuning dari Cirebon, Bantul, Musi Banyuasin, dan positif terinfeksi MYMIV. Hasil analisis homologi sikuen nukleotida tanaman kedelai yang terinfeksi MYMIV asal Cirebon mempunyai homologi yang tinggi (98.6-99.2 %) dengan MYMIV dari Tegal, Subang, Klaten, Magelang, Brebes, dan Bogor yang menginfeksi tanaman kacang panjang. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa isolat MYMIV Cirebon berada satu kelompok dengan semua sikuen MYMIV di Indonesia dan Oman, namun terpisah dengan kelompok MYMIV dari Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan dan India. Sikuen isolat MYMIV Cirebon telah didaftarkan ke GenBank dengan nomor aksesi LC481009. Sebelumnya MYMIV dilaporkan pada kedelai di Jawa tahun 2013. Temuan ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi MYMIV pada kedelai di luar Jawa (Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan).Yellow mosaic Disease on Soybean
Epidemic of yellow mosaic disease had occurred in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) in Java in 2008. However, this disease has never been reported in other areas in Indonesia. Observations on soybean plants in Cirebon (West Java), Bantul (DI Yogyakarta), and Musi Banyuasin (South Sumatra) showed systemic symptoms of yellow mosaic on leaves with vein banding. Plant samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms were taken for virus detection using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The amplification results with specific MYMIV primers showed 1000 bp DNA bands. The results of analysis nucleotide sequence homology showed MYMIV Cirebon has a high homology (98.6-99.2 %) with MYMIV from Tegal, Subang, Klaten, Magelang, Brebes, and Bogor. This confirmed that the yellow mosaic symptom leaf samples from Bantul, Musi Banyuasin, and Cirebon were positively infected with MYMIV. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the Cirebon MYMIV isolates formed a group with all MYMIV sequences in Indonesia and Oman, and separated from MYMIV groups from other countries namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India. MYMIV Cirebon isolate was registered in GenBank with accession number LC481009. MYMIV has been reported in soybean in Java (2013). This finding is the first report of MYMIV infection in soybeans in South Sumatera
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Metode Ekstraksinya Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Pascapanen
Get PDFExtract of Piper betle as An Inhibitor of Anthracnose Postharvest Disease on Chili Pepper
Chili is a horticultural commodity that mostly needed by consumers in the fresh condition. However, there is an interval of time needed to deliver it from producers (farmers) to consumers. During the supply chain, deterioration of the quality of chilli fruit can occur by the presence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of syntetic fungicides to control anthracnose disease is not recommended because it will leave residues that are harmful to consumers. The alternative that can be done is to use botanical pesticides as fungicides. The aim of this research is to study the potential of Piper betle leaves extract (PLE) in inhibiting the development of the antracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on the chili during storage. The sequences of this research were strarted with production of PLE by boiling method which was preceded by blanching, chopping, and without treatment of betel leaves, then bioassay of betel extract by measuring the diameter of fungus growth on PDA+ PLE. The third test was application of PLE on fresh chili fruits by spraying and soaking, continued by observed the antracnoseinsidence on chili during storage time (21 days). The results showed that the chopping method was the best betel leaf extraction method among other treatments, the use of 10% PLE concentration was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro, spraying treatment using 10% EDS was the most effective in inhibited the insidence of anthracnose disease. 
Potensi Kolonisasi Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Cendawan Endofit dan Kemampuannya dalam Pengendalian Layu Fusarium pada Bawang Merah
Get PDFLayu Fusarium merupakan penyakit penting pada bawang merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. Pada penelitian ini, isolat biokontrol potensial cendawan endofit dan mikoriza diuji kemampuan kolonisasinya secara tunggal dan kombinasi untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit layu Fusarium. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Kemampuan menekan patogen diamati dari persentase kolonisasi agens biokontrol, periode laten penyakit, insidensi penyakit, laju infeksi, dan area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Agens biokontrol yang diujikan berhasil bersimbiosis dengan akar tanaman bawang merah. Aplikasi tunggal mikoriza arbuskular paling baik dalam memengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman dan menekan perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium pada bawang merah dengan periode laten penyakit terpanjang 21 hari dan menurunkan insidensi penyakit hingga 40%.Colonization Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Endophytic Fungi and Its Effectiveness in Control Fusarium Wilt on Shallot
Fusarium wilt is an important disease on shallot (Allium cepa var. Aggregatum) due to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. The research aimed to study colonization of arbuscular mycorrhiza and endophytic fungi, and their biocontrol performance against fusarium wilt disease of shallot. The experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 5 replications. The effectiveness of biocontrol agents on the progress of fusarium wilt was observed from the percentage of agent biocontrol colonization¸ disease latent periode¸ disease incidence¸ rate of infection¸ and area under disease progress curve. The biocontrol agent tested successfully symbiotic in the root tissue of shallot. The single application of arbuscular mycorrhizal showed the best influence on plant growth and suppressing the progress of fusarium wilt in shallots with the longest disease latent period at 21 days and decreasing disease incidence up to 40%