Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Pola Teknik Budi Daya dan Sifat Kimia Tanah yang Berhubungan dengan Penyakit Blas pada Padi Sawah
Get PDFPattern of Cultivation Technique and Soil Chemical Properties Associated with Blast Disease of Paddy Rice
Blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a most destructive diseases of rice in all rice producing countries. However severe blast infestation on paddy rice in Indonesia is relatively new, it is previously known as main disease of upland rice. This study aimed to determine the agronomic and soil factors associated with development of blast disease of paddy rice. Blast disease was assessed on 50 plots of paddy field by using IRRI score system. Farmers growing paddy rice in observed plots were interviewed using structured questionnaire on cultivation techniques includes varieties, NPK organic and synthetic fertilizers rate, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides uses. Soil chemical analysis was done on pH, C organic, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Zn, Mn, Cu of soils obtained from severe and low severity of blast disease, with five samples for each category. Data of agronomical factors (varieties, fertilizers rate, pesticides uses, organic matter uses) was cross tabulated against two level of blast severity and furthermore analyzed using χ2 test for significance association. Soil chemical properties that has different disease severity were analyzed. The agronomic factors associated with the high severity of lowland rice blast disease involves the use of Ciherang varieties, high frequency pesticides, and herbicides. Soil properties related to the rate of disease outbreak involves levels of N, P, K, S, Si, and soil micro-elements.Penyakit blas yang disebabkan Pyricularia oryzae merupakan penyakit yang paling merusak di semua negara penghasil padi. Namun epidemi penyakit blas pada padi di Indonesia tergolong baru, yang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai penyakit utama padi gogo. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor agronomi dan tanah yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan penyakit blas padi. Penyakit blas dinilai pada 50 petak sawah menggunakan sistem skor IRRI. Petani yang menanam padi di petak pengamatan diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur tentang teknik budi daya yang meliputi varietas, pupuk organik dan pupuk sintetik NPK, penggunaan insektisida, fungisida, dan herbisida. Analisis kimia tanah dilakukan terhadap pH, C organik, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Zn, Mn, Cu pada tanah yang diperoleh dari ledakan penyakit blas berat dan ringan, dengan lima sampel untuk masing-masing kategori. Data faktor teknik budi daya (varietas, pemupukan, penggunaan pestisida, penggunaan bahan organik) ditabulasi silang dalam tabel kontingensi terhadap dua tingkat keparahan penyakit, dan selanjutnya dianalisis tingkat nyata keterkaitan. Sifat kimia tanah plot yang keparahan penyakitnya berbeda dianalisis. Faktor agronomi yang berhubungan dengan tingginya keparahan penyakit blas padi sawah ialah penggunaan varietas Ciherang, penggunaan pestisida frekuensi tinggi, dan penggunaan herbisida. Sifat tanah yang berhubungan dengan tingkat epidemi ledakan penyakit ialah kadar N, P, K, S, Si, dan unsur mikro tanah
Keragaman Rhizoctonia solani Isolat Padi Varietas Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, dan Situ Bagendit
Get PDFPadi (Oryza sativa) termasuk ke dalam komoditas penting di Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman padi ialah penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kelompok anastomosis R. solani yang diisolasi dari tanaman padi varietas Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, dan Situ Bagendit; dan mengetahui keragaman genetiknya menggunakan primer universal, dan tingkat kekerabatannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2019 hingga Juli 2020 di Laboratorium Teknologi Pengendalian UGM. Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Pandak, Bantul yang selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi dan pemurnian cendawan Rhizoctonia menggunakan medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang. Isolat R. solani diklasifikasikan berdasarkan keragaman kultur, keragaman morfologi, jumlah inti sel, kemampuan anastomosis (AG), dan keragaman genetik. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer universal ITS1 dan ITS4. Berdasarkan pengamatan keragaman kultur dan keragaman morfologi diperoleh hasil yang bervariasi. Hasil pengamatan jumlah inti sel pada keseluruhan isolat berkisar antara 5 hingga 7 inti pada sel yang termasuk dalam kategori multinukleat. Pengamatan kelompok anastomosis (AG) pada 13 isolat yang digunakan masuk ke dalam kategori C3 (anastomosis sempurna). Analisis PCR diperoleh pita DNA dengan hasil sesuai target yaitu 600–750 pb. Hasil secara sikuensing diketahui bahwa 12 isolat R. solani menunjukkan kekerabatan yang tinggi dengan isolat AG-1 IA, kecuali pada isolat CH 3.Diversity of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates of Rice Varieties of Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, and Situ Bagendit
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the important commodities cultivated in Indonesia. One of the important diseases on rice is sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The research aimed to determine the effectiveness and anastomosis group of R. solani isolated from Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, and Situ Bagendit varieties and to know the molecular amplification of R. solani using universal primers and their genetic relationship based on the sequencing results. This research was conducted from October 2019 to July 2020 in Laboratory of Control Technology UGM. The diseased leaf samples were collected from paddy field in Pandak, Bantul. Rhizoctonia fungus was obtained by leaf tissue isolation and purified on potato dextrose agar. The R. solani isolates were classified based on cultural type, morphological characteristics, number of nuclei, anastomosis (AG) compatibility, and genetic diversity. Analysis of genetic diversity was carried out with PCR using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The results showed that the cultural and morphological characteristics of the isolates were various. The number of nuclei was ranged from 5 to 7 which belong to multinucleate type. The anastomosis groups (AG) compatibility test showed that the used 13 isolates are classified into C3 category (perfect anastomosis). DNA bands with results according to the target of 600-750 bp were derived from a PCR analysis. The sequencing results showed that 12 R. solani isolates showed a high genetic relationship with AG-1 IA tester isolates, except for CH 3 isolate
Pengendalian Burkholderia glumae pada Benih Padi dengan Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Minyak Cengkeh
Get PDFBurkholderia glumae merupakan patogen terbawa benih yang menyebabkan penyakit busuk bulir bakteri (BBB) pada padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik pengendalian B. glumae pada benih padi menggunakan kombinasi perlakuan panas kering dan minyak cengkeh tanpa menurunkan kualitas benih padi. Penelitian ini terdiri atas beberapa tahap, yaitu: 1) penyiapan benih sehat dan benih terinfeksi B. glumae, 2) penentuan kisaran suhu dan lama perlakuan yang efektif menurunkan populasi B. glumae tanpa menurunkan viabilitas benih sehat, 3) pengaruh perlakuan panas kering terhadap populasi B. glumae dan viabilitas benih terinfeksi, 4) penentuan konsentrasi minyak cengkeh yang efektif menurunkan populasi B. glumae tanpa menurunkan viabilitas benih sehat,
5) pengaruh perlakuan minyak cengkeh terhadap populasi B. glumae dan viabilitas benih terinfeksi dan 6) kombinasi perlakuan panas kering dan minyak cengkeh untuk mengendalikan B. glumae pada benih terinfeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelakuan panas kering 55 °C selama 3, 4 dan 5 jam mampu menurunkan populasi bakteri B. glumae pada benih padi sebesar 97.68%, 98.00% dan 99.38% dengan daya berkecambah benih berturut-turut sebesar 92%, 94% dan 93%. Perlakuan minyak cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 0.5% dan 0.75% mampu menurunkan populasi bakteri 86.61% dan 98.26% dengan daya berkecambah benih 90.25% dan 90.00%. Kombinasi perlakuan minyak cengkeh 0.75% diikuti perlakuan panas kering 55 °C selama 5 jam mampu mengeliminasi B. glumae pada benih padi tanpa menurunkan daya berkecambah benih.Control of Burkholderia glumae in Rice Seed by Dry Heat and Clove Oil Treatments
Burkholderia glumae is a seed-borne pathogen that causes bacterial grain rot (BGR) disease in rice. This study aims to obtain disease in rice. This study aims to obtain B. glumae control techniques in rice seeds using a combination of dry heat and clove oil treatment without reducing the quality of rice seeds. This research consisted of several stages, namely: 1) preparation of healthy and infected seeds of B. glumae, 2) determination of the temperature and duration range of treatment that effectively reduced of the B. glumae population without reducing the viability of healthy seeds, 3) the effect of dry heat treatment on population B. glumae and seed viability of infected seed, 4) determination concentration of clove oil that decreases B. glumae population without decreasing seed viability of healthy seed, 5) the effect of clove oil treatment on B. glumae population and seed viability of infected seed and 6) combination of dry heat and clove oil treatment to control B. glumae in infected seed. The study showed that B. glumae population in rice seeds reduced as much as 97.68%, 98.00% dan 99.38% by dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 3, 4, and 5 hours without decreasing seed germination (seeds germination respectively 92%, 94% dan 93%). Application of clove oil 0.5% and 0.75% were able to reduce the bacterial population of 86.61% and 98.26% with the seed germination of 90.25% and 90.00%. The combination of 0.75% clove oil treatment followed by dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 5 hours eliminated all B. glumae in rice seeds without reducing the seed germinatio
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 17 No. 2, Maret 2021
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, Volume 17, No. 2, March 2021.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, Volume 17, No. 2, March 2021
Ketahanan Tiga Varietas Unggul Baru (Vub) Pisang Terhadap Beberapa Vegetative Compatibility Groups Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Get PDFBalai Penelitian Tanaman Buah (Balitbu) Tropika telah melepas tiga varietas unggul baru (VUB) pisang dengan keunggulan masing-masing. Dalam menunjang keberhasilan pengembangan varietas unggul baru tersebut perlu diketahui informasi tentang ketahanannya terhadap beberapa Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menentukan ketahanan tiga VUB pisang terhadap beberapa VCGs Foc di rumah kasa. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium proteksi tumbuhan dan rumah kasa Balitbu Tropika di Solok, dari bulan September 2016 sampai bulan Desember 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok 21 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman. Sebanyak 3 VUB pisang (Ketan 01, Kepok Tanjung dan Raja Kinalun) masing-masing diinokulasi dengan 7 VCGs Foc: yaitu VCG 0120/15, 0123, 0124/5, 0126, 01218, 01213/16 dan 01219. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga VUB pisang menunjukkan respons ketahanan yang bervariasi terhadap isolat Foc dari berbagai VCGs dalam ras 1 dan ras 4. Ketahanan dipengaruhi oleh kompatibilitas masing-masing VCGs dari isolat Foc dengan varietas pisang. Varietas Ketan 01 (AA) mempunyai respons agak tahan dan tahan terhadap semua VCGs Foc yang diuji kecuali dengan VCG 0124/5 (ras 1) dan VCG 01213/16 (ras 4 tropis). Kepok Tanjung (ABB/BBB) rentan dan sangat rentan terhadap semua VCGs Foc, Raja Kinalun (ABB) memberikan respons tahan dan sangat tahan terhadap semua isolat VCGs Foc kecuali dengan isolat Foc VCG 0124/5 (ras 1) responsnya sangat rentan. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai informasi awal pengembangan varietas unggul baru pisang di Indonesia.Resistance of Three Superior New Banana Varieties on Several Vegetative Compatibility Groups Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute (ITFRI) has released three New Superior Varieties of bananas. In supporting the successful of new banana variety development is necessary to know information of the response of resistance variety to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) in several VCGs. The aim of this research was to determine the three bananas new superior varieties resistance response against VCGs of Foc in screen house test. The experiment was conducted in plant protection laboratory and screen house of ITFRI, from September 2016 to December 2017. The design used was randomized block, 21 treatments and 3 replications; each treatment consisted of 10 plants. The treaments were Ketan 01 (AA), Kepok Tanjung (ABB/BBB) and Raja Kinalun (ABB), each was inoculated with 7 VCGs of Foc (VCG 0120/15, 0123, 0124/5, 0126, 01218, 01213/16 dan 01219). The results revealed that the three new superior banana varieties showed varying resistance responses (highly resistant-highly susceptible) to VCGs of Foc isolates in race 1 and race 4. Resistance of three new superior quality varieties of bananas was not associated with a group of pathogenic Foc in race, but was influenced by compatibility each of the VCGs of Foc isolates and banana variety. Kepok Tanjung (ABB/BBB) variety was susceptible and highly susceptible to all VCGs of Foc isolates tested, Ketan 01 (AA) variety was resistant to all VCGs of Foc isolates tested, except Foc VCGs 0124/5 (race 1) and VCGs 01213/16 (Tropical race 4). Raja Kinalun (ABB) variety was resistant and highly resistant to all used fungal isolates, except Foc VCGs 0124/5 (race 1), the response of it was highly susceptible. This information is expected to support the development of new superior quality varieties of bananas in Indonesia
Fitonematoda pada Tanaman Jambu Biji
Get PDFPhytonematodes on Guava Plant
Symptoms of disease by phytonematodes were found in guava plantations in Cibening Village, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency, West Java. Diseased plants show symptoms, including stunted plants, yellowing leaves, root necrotic and root knots. Nematode extraction was carried out from 100 mL of soil and 5 g of guava root samples. Identification was carried out morphologically by observing the key characters of each genus of phytonematodes found. Counting the number of nematodes was carried out for each genus. Six genera of phytonematodes were identified, namely Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus, and Xiphinema with numbers ranging from 8 to 2300 individuals. This paper is the first report of parasitic nematodes on guava in West Java Province.Gejala penyakit oleh fitonematoda ditemukan pada pertanaman jambu biji di Desa Cibening, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Tanaman sakit menunjukkan gejala antara lain: tanaman kerdil, daun menguning, nekrotik akar dan puru akar. Ekstraksi nematoda dilakukan dari 100 mL sampel tanah dan 5 g sampel akar tanaman jambu biji. Identifikasi dilakukan secara morfologi dengan mengamati karakter kunci dari setiap genus fitonematoda yang ditemukan. Penghitungan jumlah nematoda dilakukan pada setiap genus fitonematoda. Enam genus fitonematoda berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus, dan Xiphinema dengan jumlah berkisar 8–2300 ekor. Tulisan ini merupakan laporan pertama nematoda parasit pada jambu biji di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Zero-Energy Cool Chamber in Anthracnose Disease Management of Postharvest Capsicum frutescens
Get PDFRuang Pendingin Nol Energi untuk Pengelolaan Pascapanen Antraknosa pada Capsicum frutescens
Salah satu penyebab kehilangan hasil cabai pascapanen adalah penyakit antraknosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ruang pendingin nol energi atau zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada komoditi cabai rawit (Capsicum frustescens) serta memperpanjang daya simpan buah cabai. Penelitian dimulai dengan merancang dan membuat ZECC sebagai tempat penyimpanan cabai. Buah cabai diinokulasi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides dan tanpa inokulasi (kontrol) disimpan pada dua kondisi, yaitu di dalam ZECC dan tempat penyimpanan dengan suhu ruang. Pertumbuhan C. gloeosporioides mengalami penghambatan sebesar 40.48% setelah disimpan di dalam ZECC dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhannya pada suhu ruang. Penyimpanan cabai rawit di dalam ZECC mampu menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa sebesar 56.2% pada hari ke-15, tidak memengaruhi kandungan vitamin C dan total padatan terlarut (TSS) serta mampu mengurangi susut bobot cabai selama penyimpanan. Berdasarkan uji organovisual dengan metode visual quality rating dan Hedonic sensory test, konsumen lebih menyukai cabai yang disimpan di dalam ZECC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan di dalam ZECC dapat memperpanjang umur simpan cabai rawit. Model tempat penyimpanan ini tidak menggunakan listrik atau bersifat zero energy sehingga dapat digunakan oleh petani berskala kecil. Ini adalah laporan pertama penggunaan ZECC untuk pengelolaan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai pascapanen di Indonesia.Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of important diseases causing postharvest losses on chili. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) in reducing the severity of anthracnose in Capsicum frutescens L. and extending the shelf life of chilies. The research was started by designing and building ZECC as a storage area for chilies. Chilies with and without fungal inoculation were stored in ZECC and storage chamber at room temperature. C. gloeosporioides experienced a growth inhibition of 40.48% after being stored in ZECC compared to its growth at room temperature. Storage of chilies in ZECC was able to reduce the severity of anthracnose by 56.2% on the 15th day, did not affect vitamin C content and total dissolved solids (TSS) and was able to reduce chilies weight loss during storage. Based on the organovisual test using the visual quality rating method and the Hedonic sensory test, consumers prefer chilies stored in the ZECC. The results showed that storage in ZECC could extend the shelf life of chilies. This storage model does not use electricity or is zero energy so it can be used by small scale farmers. This is the first report on the use of ZECC for the management of anthracnose in postharvest chilies in Indonesia
Trichoderma Asal Akar Kopi Dari Alor: Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Keefektifannya Menghambat Colletotrichum Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa secara in Vitro
Get PDFTrichoderma of Coffee Roots From Alor: Morphological characteristic and in vitro Efficacy to Inhibit Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose
Trichoderma is a fungus capable of intimate associations with plant root systems including on coffee plants. This aim of study is to determine the characteristics of Trichoderma morphospecies from coffee roots of Alor origin, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and its ability to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose disease in-vitro. Root samples of healthy coffee plants were taken from the location of coffee plantations in Alor District, NTT. Isolation of Trichoderma fungi from coffee roots was done by incubating the sterilized coffee roots in a layer of moist filter paper in a Petri dish for seven days. Identification of Trichoderma by observing the characteristics of the colony on the medium of potato dextrose agar (PDA) and microscopic media using microcultures (slide culture). Inhibition of Trichoderma fungi against Colletotrichum was tested by multiple culture methods on PDA media. The results of root incubation in humid conditions showed that there was four morphospecies of Trichoderma fungi, each of which had different characteristic specifications. In vitro antagonism in test on PDA medium, the first three morphospecies against Colletotrichum showed that each Trichoderma could inhibit 70.2%, 65.8%, and 63.3%, respectively, five days after inoculation. This data shows that Trichoderma isolated from coffee roots from Alor has the potential to suppress the growth of anthracnose pathogens.Trichoderma of Coffee Roots From Alor: Morphological characteristic and in vitro Efficacy to Inhibit Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose
Trichoderma is a fungus capable of intimate associations with plant root systems including on coffee plants. This aim of study is to determine the characteristics of Trichoderma morphospecies from coffee roots of Alor origin, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and its ability to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose disease in-vitro. Root samples of healthy coffee plants were taken from the location of coffee plantations in Alor District, NTT. Isolation of Trichoderma fungi from coffee roots was done by incubating the sterilized coffee roots in a layer of moist filter paper in a Petri dish for seven days. Identification of Trichoderma by observing the characteristics of the colony on the medium of potato dextrose agar (PDA) and microscopic media using microcultures (slide culture). Inhibition of Trichoderma fungi against Colletotrichum was tested by multiple culture methods on PDA media. The results of root incubation in humid conditions showed that there was four morphospecies of Trichoderma fungi, each of which had different characteristic specifications. In vitro antagonism in test on PDA medium, the first three morphospecies against Colletotrichum showed that each Trichoderma could inhibit 70.2%, 65.8%, and 63.3%, respectively, five days after inoculation. This data shows that Trichoderma isolated from coffee roots from Alor has the potential to suppress the growth of anthracnose pathogens
Laju Fotosintesis pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Terinfeksi Karat daun Cephaleuros virescen
Get PDFKejadian penyakit karat daun kelapa sawit yang disebabkan alga Cephaleuros virescens semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Kerugian karena penyakit ini pada tanaman kelapa sawit belum pernah diukur secara kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengukur laju fotosintesis pada tanaman kelapa sawit umur 5 tahun dengan 3 kategori serangan yaitu ringan, sedang, dan berat. Hasil pengamatan di Kebun Kalianta menunjukkan bahwa serangan karat daun dimulai dari pelepah bawah ke pelepah atas. Kejadian penyakit juga banyak terjadi pada permukaan atas helaian daun dibandingkan dengan permukaan bawah daun. Titik kritis serangan karat daun dimulai dari daun ke-17 ke atas yang akan menurunkan laju fotosintesis kelapa sawit. Pada daun ke-9 penurunan laju fotosintesis antara intensitas penyakit ringan ke berat sebesar 42.48% yaitu dari 15.51 µmol ke 8.92 µmol.Photosynthesis Rate of Oil Palm Infected by Red Rust Cephaleuros virescens
The incidence of oil palm red rust disease caused by Cephaleuros virescens tends to increase in Indonesia. However, the loses due to this disease has never been measured quantitatively. This study was conducted to measure the rate of photosynthesis on 5-year-old palms with 3 infection categories, i.e. mild, medium, and heavy infection. Field observation of oil palm in Kalianta showed that the infection of red rust disease occurred starting from lower to the upper fronds. Higher infection was prevalently on the adaxial than abaxial leaf. The red rust infection on frond number 17 or younger severely affects the photoshynthesis rate of the oil palm. On the palm with heavy infection category, the photosynthesis rate on frond number 9 was decreased up to 42.48%, i.e. from 15.51 µmol to 8.92 µmol, compared to that with mild infection
Pengamatan dan Pemetaan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dan Kamera Multispektral
Get PDFSurveillance and Mapping of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Plantation Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Multispectral Camera
Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninensis is still a major disease in oil palm plantations both in Indonesia and Malaysia. In some countries, remote sensing approach has been used for monitoring BSR in oil palm plantation. However, the utilization of satellite imagery in remote sensing especially in vegetation study on the tropical region was often limited by cloud cover. A drone or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilization is the best way to deal with cloud cover in the tropic region. Machine learning of random forest (RF) and satellite imagery used in the BSR study produced good accuracy. This research was aimed to identify and monitor the BSR infection on individual oil palm trees using an UAV and multispectral camera and RF classification. The results showed that the data acquired from UAV was affected by cloud shadows. The RF classification of healthy and infected oil palm trees by BSR disease and the spreading map of BSR infection was affected by cloud shadows. The highest accuracy of healthy and infected oil palm by BSR was 79.49%. Reflectance calibrator, digital to reflectance conversion, and model implications to build spreading map of BSR infection need to be conducted both on the clear area and the cloud shadow-covered area. Moreover, the UAV-based data should be considering the cloud view on the coverage area.Surveillance and Mapping of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm Plantation Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Multispectral Camera
Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninensis is still a major disease in oil palm plantations both in Indonesia and Malaysia. In some countries, remote sensing approach has been used for monitoring BSR in oil palm plantation. However, the utilization of satellite imagery in remote sensing especially in vegetation study on the tropical region was often limited by cloud cover. A drone or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilization is the best way to deal with cloud cover in the tropic region. Machine learning of random forest (RF) and satellite imagery used in the BSR study produced good accuracy. This research was aimed to identify and monitor the BSR infection on individual oil palm trees using an UAV and multispectral camera and RF classification. The results showed that the data acquired from UAV was affected by cloud shadows. The RF classification of healthy and infected oil palm trees by BSR disease and the spreading map of BSR infection was affected by cloud shadows. The highest accuracy of healthy and infected oil palm by BSR was 79.49%. Reflectance calibrator, digital to reflectance conversion, and model implications to build spreading map of BSR infection need to be conducted both on the clear area and the cloud shadow-covered area. Moreover, the UAV-based data should be considering the cloud view on the coverage area