Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Potensi Bakteri Endofit Asal Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) sebagai Pengendali Sclerotium rolfsii dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Kacang Tanah
Get PDFSclerotium rolfsii merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada kacang tanah yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit busuk pangkal batang. S. rolfsii dapat bertahan hidup di dalam tanah dan membentuk struktur dorman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman brotowali yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati yang efektif untuk mengendalikan S. rolfsii dan mengetahui pengaruhnya pada pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari akar dan batang tanaman brotowali dengan metode sterilisasi permukaan. Bakteri endofit yang berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman brotowali ialah 415 isolat dan 153 isolat lolos uji keamanan hayati. Sebanyak 7 isolat bakteri endofit, yaitu BBT25, BBT90, BBT102, BBT106, BBT110, BBT130, dan BSK18 berpotensi menekan S. rolfsii. Isolat BBT106 mampu menekan pertumbuhan S. rolfsii sebesar 73% secara in vitro. Isolat BBT110 dan BSK18 mampu menekan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang sebesar 58% dan 67% pada penelitian di rumah kaca. Ketujuh isolat bakteri endofit brotowali mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang tanah pada percobaan di rumah kaca.Potency of Endophytic Bacteria from Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) as Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii and Plant Growth Promoting
Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the important plant pathogenic fungi on peanut and cause basal stem rot. S. Rolfsii is able to survive in the soil and form dormant structure. The objective of this study was to evaluate endophytic bacteria from brotowali as an effective biocontrol agent for controlling S. rolfsii and determining its effect on peanut. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from root and stem of brotowali using surface sterilization method. All of 415 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated and 153 isolates passed the biosafety test. Seven isolates BT25, BBT90, BBT102, BBT106, BBT110, BBT130, and BSK18 were able to inhibit S. rolfsii up to 73% under in vitro. Isolate BBT110 and BSK18 were able to suppress basal stem rot on peanut up to 67% in the greenhouse. It was also found that seven selected endophytic bacteria from brotowali were able to promote plant growth on peanut under greenhouse experiment
Bakteri Asal Wakatobi Menghambat Pertumbuhan Koloni Alternaria porri dan Fusarium oxyporum Penyebab Penyakit Pada Bawang Merah Secara in Vitro
Get PDFWakatobi Native Bacteria Inhibit The Colony Growth of Alternaria porri and Fusarium oxyporum of Shallots in in Vitro Study
Biological control of plant diseases based on the usage of microbes is important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory and inhibitory mechanism in vitro of native endophytic bacterial isolates from Wakatobi as biological control of fusarium wilt and purple spots on shallot plants. The research was carried out at the Agronomy Unit of Agrotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Halu Oleo University Kendari. The research was aranged in a Completely Randomized Design (RAL), consisting of 9 treatments of endophytic bacterial isolates, namely Be03, Be02, Ke03, Ke05, Te01, Te05, Re05, Re05, and Wae05. The experiment was repeated 3 times wih 27 treatment units in total. The inhibitory test of endophytic bacteria on the tested pathogens was carried out in 2 steps, namely (1) against Alternaria porri and (2) Fusarium oxysporum. In addition to observing the inhibition mechanisme may involve. The ability of the endophytic bacteria isolates in producing HCN compounds was also tested. The results showed that endophytic bacteria had the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi A. porri and F. oxysporum. Among the 9 isolates tested, there were 2 endophytic bacterial isolates which had the best ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic A. porri and F.oxysporum fungi namely Te05 and Be03. Be03 isolates also have a high ability in producing HCN compounds, but no for Te05. Further research is needed to assay the effectiveness of those 2 isolates as biological control for diseases of shallot in a larger scale in the field.Pengendalian hayati penyakit tanaman berbasis pemanfaatan mikroba penting untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat dan mekanisme penghambatan secara in vitro isolat bakteri endofit asal Wakatobi sebagai pengendali hayati penyakit layu fusarium dan bercak ungu pada tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Agroteknologi Unit Agronomi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Halu Oleo. Penelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 9 perlakuan bakteri endofit (Be03, Be02, Ke03, Ke05, Te01, Te05, Re01, Re05, dan Wae05) dengan 3 ulangan. Pengujian daya hambat bakteri endofit terhadap patogen dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu terhadap Alternaria porri dan Fusarium oxysporum. Selain mengamati daya hambat diamati juga kemampuan bakteri endofit memproduksi senyawa HCN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 2 isolat bakteri endofit yang memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan A. porri dan F.oxysporum, yaitu Te05 dan Be03. Isolat Be03 juga mampu memproduksi senyawa HCN. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menguji keefektifan kedua isolat tersebut sebagai pengendali hayati penyakit tanaman bawang merah dalam skala lapangan
Keragaman Morfologi dan Molekuler Lasiodiplodia theobromae dari Tanaman Jeruk, Kakao, Karet, Manggis, dan Pisang
Get PDFLasiodiplodia theobromae adalah cendawan patogen penting dan kosmopolitan di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Kisaran tanaman inangnya sangat luas, termasuk komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia, seperti jeruk, kakao, karet, pisang, dan manggis. Keragaman intraspesies galur cendawan hasil isolasi lima tanaman diamati berdasarkan pada ciri morfologi dan marka molekuler RAPD-PCR. Keragaman intraspesies ditunjukkan dari perbedaan laju pertumbuhan vegetatif koloni pada medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang serta kemampuan menghasilkan struktur reproduksi. Galur cendawan asal jeruk, karet, dan pisang tumbuh cepat dan menghasilkan piknidium dan konidum pada medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang dan medium agar-agar air yang dimodifikasi, sedangkan galur asal kakao dan manggis tumbuh lambat dan hanya dapat menghasilkan struktur reproduksi pada medium agar-agar air yang dimodifikasi. Keragaman antargalur dalam spesies L. theobromae ditunjukkan oleh perbedaan nyata morfologi struktur reproduksi. Konidium muda (tanpa sekat) memiliki panjang berkisar 13.5-25.7 μm, lebar 8.1-14.0 μm, dan nisbah panjang/lebar 1.5-2.2; sedangkan untuk konidium matang (bersekat) memiliki panjang 15.4-23.6 μm, lebar 10.7-12.8 μm, nisbah panjang/lebar 1.4-1.9. Walaupun ukuran konidium antargalur menunjukkan perbedaan, namun masih dalam kisaran ciri ukuran spesies L. theobromae. Profil fragmen DNA RAPD-PCR menggunakan primer tunggal OPB-01 maupun OPB-07 masing-masing menghasilkan jumlah dan ukuran pita DNA yang berbeda-beda antara lima galur sehingga menunjukkan adanya keragaman molekuler antargalur dalam satu spesies tersebut.Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from Citrus, Cocoa, Rubber, Banana and Mangosteen Plants
The fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an important and cosmopolitan pathogen in the tropics and subtropics. The range of host plants is very wide, including economic commodities in Indonesia, i.e. citrus, cocoa, rubber, banana and mangosteen. The intraspecies diversity of fungi isolates from those five plants from different provinces in Indonesia was observed based on the morphological characteristics and molecular markers of RAPD-PCR. The intraspecies diversity was shown from the growth rate of the vegetative growth of the colonies on PDA as a base medium and the ability to produce reproductive structures. The fungal isolates from citrus, rubber and banana were able to grow faster and produce pycnidium and conidium in both PDA and modified-WA medium, while the cocoa and mangosteen isolates grow slower and only could produce these reproductive structures in the WA medium. The diversity between isolates in L. theobromae species was indicated by the morphological difference of the reproductive structures. Young conidium (aseptate) has a length ranging from 13.5-25.7 μm, width 8.1-14.0 μm, and length/width ratio 1.5-2.2; while for mature conidium (septate) 15.4-23.6 μm long, 10.7-12.8 μm wide, length/width ratio 1.4-1.9. Although the conidium sizes between isolates showed differences, they were still within the range of size of the L. theobromae species. The profile of RAPD-PCR DNA fragments using single primers OPB-01 and OPB-07 each resulted in different numbers and sizes of DNA bands between the five isolates, thus indicating the existence of molecular diversity between isolates within the same species
Pemanfaatan Kalsium Klorida dan Kitosan untuk Mengendalikan Thielaviopsis paradoxa pada Buah Salak Pondoh selama Penyimpanan
Get PDFUse of Calcium Chloride and Chitosan to Control Thielaviopsis paradoxa in Salak Pondoh Fruit during Storage
Thielaviopsis paradoxa infection can reduce the quality of salak pondoh fruit during storage. One of the methods in postharvest handling to maintain the quality of salak pondoh fruits is by adding calcium chloride (CaCl2) food additives and chitosan coating material. The objective of this research was to analyze the effectivity of CaCl2 and chitosan in controlling T. paradoxa, a fungal species causing black rot in salak pondoh fruit. The treatments consisted of 6% CaCl2, 1.5% chitosan, 6% CaCl2 + 1.5% chitosan, and control. Chitosan 1.5% was more effective in maintaining the quality of salak pondoh fruit after 12 days of storage at ±28 oC and relative humidity of 65%–75%, i.e.by inhibiting the increase of microbe population, percentage of fruit damage, weight loss, and inhibiting the decrease of organoleptic value compared with control and other treatments. Chitosan 1.5% is recommended to salak farmers in extending the duration of storage up to 12 days.Serangan cendawan Thielaviopsis paradoxa dapat menurunkan kualitas buah salak selama penyimpanan. Salah satu cara penanganan pascapanen untuk mempertahankan kualitas buah salak pondoh ialah dengan penambahan bahan tambahan pangan kalsium klorida dan bahan pelapis kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh CaCl2 dan kitosan untuk mengendalikan T. paradoxa, penyebab busuk hitam pada buah salak pondoh. Perlakuan terdiri atas CaCl2 6%, kitosan 1.5%, CaCl2 6% + kitosan 1.5%, dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan 1.5% lebih efektif dalam mempertahankan kualitas buah salak selama 12 hari penyimpanan dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan ini menghambat peningkatan populasi mikrob, persentase kerusakan daging buah, persentase susut bobot, dan penurunan nilai organoleptik dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada suhu ±28 °C dan kelembapan relatif 65%–75%. Kitosan 1.5% dapat direkomendasikan kepada petani salak untuk memperpanjang masa simpan buah salak sampai dengan 12 hari
Karakter Molekuler Gen AB- FAR 1 Nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi Asal Lima Varietas Padi
Get PDFAphelenchoides besseyi merupakan nematoda penyebab penyakit pucuk putih yang terbawa benih padi. Gen AB FAR-1 diketahui sebagai gen penting yang mengendalikan patogenisitas A. besseyi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakter gen AB FAR-1 yang diisolasi dari nematoda yang berasal dari benih padi. Ekstraksi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode corong Baerman dari benih 5 varietas padi “Ciherang“, “Inpari Sidenuk“, “Sintanur“, “Hibrida Prima“ dan “Pak Tiwi“. Ekstraksi DNA total nematoda menggunakan metode CTAB dilanjutkan dengan amplifikasi gen AB FAR-1 menggunakan primer spesifik FAR-F1/R1 dan analisis urutan nukleotidanya. Pita DNA spesifik gen AB FAR-1 berukuran 150 pb berhasil diamplifikasi dari semua sampel nematoda. Analisis sekuen menunjukkan bahwa gen AB FAR-1 tersebut memiliki homologi tertinggi (92.5 – 100%) dengan aksesi Genbank JQ686690.1, yaitu gen AB FAR-1 A. besseyi asal Cina. Walaupun memiliki homologi yang tinggi, terdapat beberapa perbedaan nukleotida pada sampel gen AB FAR-1 A. besseyi asal “Ciherang“, “Inpari Sidenuk“ dan “Hibrida Prima“. Analisis pohon filogenetika lebih lanjut mengelompokkan gen AB FAR-1 A. besseyi menjadi 2 grup, yaitu grup 1 terdiri atas gen AB FAR-1 A. besseyi asal Cina, “Sintanur“, “Hibrida Prima“ dan “Pak Tiwi“ dan grup 2 gen AB FAR-1 A. besseyi asal “Ciherang“, dan “Inpari Sidenuk“.Molecular Characters of AB-FAR Gene 1 of Aphelenchoides besseyi from Five Rice Varieties
Aphelenchoides besseyi is known as nematode species that causes seed-transmitted white shoot disease in rice. One important gene that has been reported to control the pathogenicity of A. besseyi is AB FAR-1. The study was conducted to determine the character of the AB FAR-1 gene of A. besseyi extracted from rice seeds. Nematode extraction was carried out using Baerman funnel method from the seeds of 5 rice varieties, i.e. “Ciherang”, “Inpari Sidenuk”, “Sintanur”, “Prime Hybrid” and “Pak Tiwi”. Total DNA extraction of nematodes was conducted using CTAB method, followed by amplification of the AB FAR-1 gene using specific primers FAR-F1/R1 and nucleotide sequence analysis. Specific DNA band of AB FAR-1 gene measuring 150 bp was successfully amplified from all nematode samples. Sequence analysis showed that the AB FAR-1 gene had the highest homology (92.5 – 100%) with the Genbank accession no. JQ686690.1, which is the AB FAR-1 gene of A. besseyi from China. Despite having high homology, there were some nucleotide differences in the AB FAR-1 gene samples of A. besseyi from "Ciherang", "Inpari Sidenuk" and "Prime Hybrid". Further phylogenetic tree analysis differentiated the AB FAR-1 A. besseyi gene into 2 groups, i.e. group 1 consisting of the AB FAR-1 gene A. besseyi from China, "Sintanur", "Prime Hybrids" and "Pak Tiwi" and group 2 gene AB FAR-1 A. besseyi from "Ciherang", and "Inpari Sidenuk"
Resistance of Several Hibiscus cannabinus genotypes Against Meloidogyne incognita
Get PDFKenaf merupakan salah satu tanaman yang menghasilkan serat alam. Infeksi Meloidogyne incognita (nematoda puru akar) pada tanaman kenaf menyebabkan tanaman kerdil sehingga menurunkan produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan ketahanan tujuh genotipe kenaf terhadap M. incognita. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menginfestasi tanaman kenaf yang berumur 15 hari setelah tanam (HST) dengan M. incognita pada populasi 40 nematoda juvenil 2 per 100 g tanah. Medium tanam yang digunakan ialah tanah berpasir dengan komposisi pasir 55%, debu 36%, dan liat 17%. Variabel ketahanan terdiri atas indeks puru akar dan faktor reproduksi nematoda. Analisis asam salisilat, fenol, lignin serta beberapa variabel pertumbuhan tanaman dilakukan pada umur tanaman 75 HST. Diantara tujuh genotipe tanaman kenaf yang dievaluasi terdapat 3 genotipe yang toleran (KR4, KR15 dan KR5) dan 4 genotipe sangat rentan (KR1, KR6, Kin2, dan DS028). Genotipe yang memiliki respons toleran terhadap M. incognita menunjukkan peningkatan senyawa fenol, asam salisilat, dan lignin pada akar dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penurunan tinggi tanaman, bobot segar tajuk, dan bobot segar akar bervariasi akibat infeksi M. incognita.Resistance of Several Hibiscus cannabinus genotypes Against Meloidogyne incognita
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is known as a source of natural fibers. Infection of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) in kenaf plants causes stunting of plants, thereby reducing crop production. This study aimed to determine the resistance of seven kenaf genotypes against M. incognita. The experiment was conducted by infesting kenaf plants aged 15 days after planting (DAP) with M. incognita in a population of 40 juvenile nematodes 2 per 100 g of soil. The planting medium used was sandy soil with a composition of 55% sand, 36% dust, and 17% clay. The resistance variable consisted of root knot index and nematode reproduction factors. Analysis of salicylic acid, phenol, lignin and several plant growth variables were carried out at 75 DAP. Among the seven kenaf plant genotypes evaluated, there were 3 tolerant genotypes (KR4, KR15 and KR5) and 4 highly susceptible genotypes (KR1, KR6, Kin2, and DS028). Genotypes that had a tolerant response to M. incognita showed an increase in phenolic compounds, salicylic acid, and lignin in the roots compared to the control. The decrease in plant height, crown fresh weight, and root fresh weight varied due to M. incognita infection
Potensi Ekstrak Lengkuas sebagai Fungisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat Daun Anggur (Phakopsora euvitis)
Get PDFPenyakit karat daun anggur yang disebabkan oleh Phakopsora euvitis merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman anggur. Pengendalian dengan pestisida nabati untuk penyakit ini penting dikembangkan karena pemanfaatannya dapat menekan penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik yang selama ini diaplikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak lengkuas sebagai fungisida nabati terhadap perkembangan P. euvitis, dan dibandingkan dengan fungisida mankozeb. Metode meliputi persiapan ekstrak lengkuas dalam metanol yang diuapkan, uji daya racun ekstrak lengkuas dan pestisida secara in vitro, penentuan LC50, dan pengujian in planta menggunakan bibit anggur di dalam polibag. Penentuan LC50 dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SAS JMP Statistical Discovery. Uji in planta dilakukan dengan cara penyemprotan suspensi spora (urediniospora) dengan kerapatan 1 x 106 spora.mL-1 dan penyemprotan ekstrak lengkuas atau mankozeb tiga hari setelah inokulasi pada konsentrasi LC90. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ekstrak lengkuas dapat menghambat perkecambahan spora P. euvitis. LC50 ekstrak lengkuas diperoleh sebesar 18,33 ppm dan LC90 sebesar 53.72 ppm; sementara LC50 mankozeb sebesar 65,52 ppm dan LC90 sebesar 190.71 ppm. Pada uji in planta, penggunaan ekstrak lengkuas dengan konsentrasi 53.72 ppm (LC90) dapat menurunkan intensitas penyakit karat daun pada anggur sebesar 16% pada hari ke-18, sementara fungisida mankozeb dengan konsentrasi 190.71 ppm (LC90) menurunkan intensitas penyakit sebesar 26,4% dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif atau tanaman sakit tanpa perlakuan. Ekstrak lengkuas memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pestisida nabati terhadap penyakit karat daun anggurPotency of Galangal Extract as Botanical Fungicide to Control Grape Leave Rust Disease (Phakopsora euvitis)
Grape leaf rust caused by Phakopsora eutivitis is an important disease on grape plants. Botanical pesticide is important to be developed as its application may reduce the usage of synthetic chemical pesticides. This study aimed to determine potency of galangal extract as botanical fungicide against P. euvitis, compared with mancozeb. The methods were galangal extract preparation in evaporated methanol, in vitro toxicity test of galangal extract for LC50 determination, and in planta test using grape seedlings in polybags. LC50 was determined by using SAS JMP Statistical Discovery Program. In planta test was carried out by spraying urediniospore suspension with density of 1 x 106 spores.mL-1, followed by galangal extract or mancozeb spraying at LC90 concentration three days after inoculation. The result showed that galangal extract inhibited spore germination of P. euvitis. LC50 of the galangal extract was 18.33 ppm; LC90 was 53.72 ppm; while mancozeb LC50 was 65.52 ppm and LC90 was 190.71 ppm. In planta experiment showed that galangal extract of 53.72 ppm (LC90) reduced the disease intensity of leaf rust by 16% on the 18th day, while mancozeb of 190.71 ppm (LC90) reduced the disease intensity by 26.4% compared to positive control or untreated-inoculated plants. This study showed that galangal extract is potential to be developed as botanical fungicide to control grape leaf rust diseas
Potensi Pengusulan Jenis Baru Peronosclerospora sorghi Asal Nusa Tenggara Timur
Get PDFPenyakit bulai pada jagung disebabkan oleh Peronosclerospra dapat menimbulkan kerusakan ekonomi secara nyata. Di Indonesia diketahui ada tiga spesies Peronosclerospora, yaitu P. maydis, P. phillippinenis dan P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis merupakan spesies yang dominan di temukan di Indonesia. Ketiga spesies tersebut dapat dikenal dari karakter morfologi maupun karakter molekuler. Tetapi hasil pemantauan Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Kupang selama 2016 hingga 2019 menunjukkan bahwa karakter morfologi P. sorghi asal NTT berbeda dengan morfologi asal Jawa dan Sulawesi dalam hal jumlah sterigmata yang terbentuk dari konidiofor. Sterigmata P. sorghi asal NTT berjumlah lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan lokasi lain. Hal ini akan berakibat pada jumlah konidium yang dihasilkan sterigmata P. sorghi asal NTT juga lebih sedikit. Karakter molekuler P. sorghi asal NTT secara pohon kekerabatan terpisah dengan isolat Jawa dan Sulawesi, namun masuk dalam satu kelompok dengan isolat P. sorghi asal Texas, AS. Hasil kajian secara morfologi dan molekuler yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan perlunya penggalian informasi dan pengolahan data lebih lanjut tentang kisaran inang, keragaman genetik isolat asal Perosclerospora asal NTT dan juga genetik sorgum sebagai inang utama P. sorghi. Data perbandingan genetik sorgum tersebut diharapkan akan memberi kontribusi terhadap identitas P. sorghi asal NTT.Potential Proposal for A New Type of Peronosclerospora Sorghi from East Nusa Tenggara
Downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospra can cause real economic damage. In Indonesia, it is known that there are three species of Peronosclerospora, namely P. maydis, P. phillippinenis, and P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis is the dominant species found in Indonesia. The three species can be identified from their morphological and molecular characters. However, the results of monitoring by the Kupang Agricultural Quarantine Station during 2016-2019 showed that the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi from NTT are different from the morphology from Java and Sulawesi in terms of the number of sterigmata formed from conidiophores. The number of P. sorghi sterigmata from NTT is less than in other locations. This will lead to a smaller number of conidia produced by P. sorghi from NTT. Based on the molecular analysis, the character of P. sorghi isolate from NTT is in a separated family tree from Java and Sulawesi isolates but is included in one group with P. sorghi isolates from USA. The results of morphological and molecular studies showed further study on host ranges, genetic diversity of the fungal isolates as well as shorgum should be considered in the future. Sorghum as the primary host of P. sorghi has been gathered for the genetic data of sorghum originating from NTT and then comparing to the data from Texas, USA. That information will be contributing to determine the identity of P. sorghi from NTT.
 
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 17 No. 4, Juli 2021
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, JFI Vol. 17 No. 4, July 2021.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, JFI Vol. 17 No. 4, July 2021
Eksplorasi dan Penentuan Ras Penyebab Penyakit Blas Padi di Kabupaten Maros
Get PDFPenyakit blas yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Pyricularia oryzae (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar pada tanaman padi di seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini memiliki tingkat virulensi dan adaptasi tinggi yang dibuktikan dengan jumlah ras yang banyak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi ras cendawan P. oryzae dan sebarannya pada delapan kecamatan di Kabupaten Maros. Identifikasi ras ditentukan berdasarkan pengujian menggunakan tujuh varietas padi diferensial, yaitu varietas Asahan, Cisokan, IR 64, Krueng Aceh, Cisadane, Cisanggarung dan Kencana Bali. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit blas menggunakan Standard Evaluation System for Rice IRRI. Tipe bercak skor 5–9 digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kerentanan inang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 30 isolat P. oryzae, yaitu 4 isolat dari Bantimurung, 8 isolat dari Simbang, 4 isolat dari Maros Baru, masing-masing 3 isolat dari Moncongloe, Tanralili, Tompobulu, Mandai, dan 2 isolat dari Lau. Sebanyak 17 ras P. oryzae berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu ras 000, 001, 011, 020, 023, 031, 033, 041, 061, 101, 103, 111, 141, 173, 221, 301 dan 373. Ras 001 merupakan ras dominan yang ditemukan di lima lokasi pengambilan isolat P. oryzae.Exploration and Determination of Rice Blast Races in Maros Regency
Blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the most important diseases causing significant yield losses on rice worldwide. The fungus has a high degree of virulence and adaptation as evidenced by the large number of its races. The study was conducted to identify the race of P. oryzae isolates and their distribution in eight sub-districts in Maros Regency. Race identification was determined based on bioassay using seven differential rice varieties, i.e. Asahan, Cisokan, IR 64, Krueng Aceh, Cisadane, Cisanggarung and Kencana Bali varieties. Observation of disease severity followed the Standard Evaluation System for Rice by IRRI. Susceptibility of host plant was assessed based on leaf spot symptom on the scale of 5 to 9. As many as 30 isolates of P. oryzae were found with the distribution as follows, 4 isolates from Bantimurung, 8 isolates from Simbang, 4 isolates from Maros Baru, 3 isolates each from Moncongloe, Tanralili, Tompobulu, Mandai, and 2 isolates from Lau. A total of 17 P. oryzae races were identified, namely race 000, 001, 011, 020, 023, 031, 033, 041, 061, 101, 103, 111, 141, 173, 221, 301 and 373. Race 001 is the dominant race in which it was found at five locations where P. oryzae isolates were collected