Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 3, Mei 2022
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3, Mei 2022This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3, Mei 202
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 1, Januari 2022
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology Vol. 18 No. 1, Januari 2022This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology Vol. 18 No. 1, Januari 202
Aplikasi Fungisida dan Pupuk Silika untuk Menekan Penyakit Bercak Daun Pyricularia zingiberi pada Jahe Merah
Get PDFPyricularia zingiberi merupakan penyebab penyakit bercak daun dominan di Indonesia. Pengendalian penyakit bercak daun masih bertumpu pada fungisida kimia. Kombinasi teknik pengendalian serta ketepatan waktu aplikasi fungisida perlu ditentukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian serta mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan fungisida kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kombinasi pemberian fungisida dan pupuk silika serta waktu yang efektif untuk pengendalian penyakit bercak daun. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak-petak terbagi, dengan aplikasi pupuk silika sebagai petak utama, fungisida sebagai anak petak, dan waktu aplikasi sebagai anak-anak petak. Pupuk silika (20 mL L-1) diaplikasikan pada tanaman jahe merah umur 4 minggu dan kemudian tanaman diinokulasi dengan P. zingiberi pada umur 8 minggu. Fungisida mulai diaplikasikan sesuai dengan perlakuan (umur 12, 14, dan 16 minggu). Tidak terdapat interaksi antara ketiga faktor yang diuji. Aplikasi silika dalam bentuk SiO2 memberikan pengaruh tidak nyata pada keparahan serta laju perkembangan penyakit. Aplikasi silika meningkatkan kadar fenol dalam tanaman jahe merah. Pestisida nabati berbahan minyak cengkeh menginduksi sintesis asam salisilat, namun tidak signifikan dalam menekan laju perkembangan penyakit bercak daun. Mankozeb lebih efektif menekan laju perkembangan penyakit bercak daun dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain. Waktu aplikasi fungisida disarankan pada saat tanaman berumur 14–16 minggu atau saat gejala bercak daun mulai terlihat. Monitoring berkala perlu dilakukan.Application of Fungicides and Silica Fertilization Suppress Pyricularia zingiberi Leaf Spot Disease on Red Ginger
Pyricularia zingiberi is the dominant cause of leaf spot disease in Indonesia. Leaf spot disease control still relies on chemical fungicides. The combination of control techniques and the fungicide application timing must be determined to increase control effectiveness and reduce the negative impact of using chemical fungicides. This study aims to assess the combination of fungicide and silica fertilizer and the effective time for controlling leaf spot disease. The research was arranged in a split-split plot design, with silica fertilizer as the main plot, fungicide as a subplot, and the time of application as a subplot. Silica fertilizer (20 mL L-1) was applied at four weeks old red ginger, and then plants were inoculated with P. zingiberi at eight weeks of age. Fungicides were used according to the treatments (12, 14, and 16 weeks of age). There is no interaction between the three tested factors. The application of silica in the form of SiO2 had no significant effect on the severity and rate of disease progression. The application of silica increases the phenol content in red ginger plants. Botanical pesticides made from clove oil induce the synthesis of salicylic acid but are not significant in suppressing the rate of development of leaf spot disease. Mancozeb was more effective in suppressing the rate of development of leaf spot disease than other treatments. The recommended time for fungicide application is when the plants are 14–16 weeks old or when the symptoms of leaf spots begin to appear. Monitoring periodically is necessary
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 4, Juli 2022
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 4, Juli 2022This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 4, Juli 202
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 17 No. 5, September 2021
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, Vol. 17 No. 5, September 2021This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, Vol. 17 No. 5, September 202
Integrasi Antara Kompos Limbah Ampas Nilam, Mikrob Antagonis dan Minyak Atsiri untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Budok (Synchytrium pogostemonis)
Get PDFPenyakit budok yang disebabkan oleh Synchytrium pogostemonis merupakan masalah utama pada budi daya nilam di Provinsi Aceh (Pogostemon cablin). Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan cara pengendalian S. pogostemonis dengan menggabungkan kompos limbah ampas nilam (LAN), mikrob antagonis, dan minyak atsiri sebagai anticendawan. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama ialah pengujian efek penambahan kompos LAN terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman nilam. Tiga spesies mikrob antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma harzianum (ThC6), T. asperellum (TaC1), dan Pseudomonas aureginosa (AJ14) diinokulasikan pada LAN sebagai biodekomposer sekaligus agens antagonis baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi. Kompos LAN diaplikasikan pada medium tanam sebelum penanaman setek nilam dengan dua taraf rasio tanah dan kompos LAN (1:1 dan 1:2). Parameter yang diamati ialah pertumbuhan tanaman nilam meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Pada tahap kedua diamati pengaruh kombinasi kompos LAN dan minyak atsiri terhadap keparahan penyakit budok. Minyak atsiri yang digunakan adalah minyak atsiri serai wangi dan nilam dengan konsentrasi 0.5% dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan mikrob antagonis baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi pada LAN dapat meningkatkan tinggi batang dan jumlah daun tanaman nilam masing-masing sebesar 22% dan 38%. Keparahan penyakit terendah ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan kombinasi kompos LAN dan 1% minyak atsiri serai wangi, yaitu sebesar 10%.Integration of Patchouli Waste Compost, Antagonistic Microbes and Essential Oils to Control Budok Disease (Synchytrium pogostemonis)
Budok disease, caused by Synchytrium pogostemonis, is the main problem in patchouli cultivation in Aceh Province. The aim of this project is to acquire a method to control S. pogostemonis by combining patchouli waste (LAN), antagonistic microbes, and essential oils as antifungal. The experiment was devided into two steps. First, the study on the effect of LAN compost application on patchouli growth. Three antagonistic species, namely Trichoderma harziannum (ThC6), T. asperellum (TaC1), and Pseudomonas aureginosa (AJ14) were inoculated into LAN both singly and in combination. Two ratios of soil and LAN compost (1:1 and 1:2) were used as growth media. Patchouli growth was observed on the plant height and the number of leaves. On the second step of the experiment, two types of essential oils, lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon nardus) and patchouli (P. cablin), at two levels of concentration (0.5% and 1%) were applied to study the effect of combination between LAN compost and essential oils on disease intensity. The results showed that antagonistic microbes both singly and in combination increase the plant height and the number of leaves, 22% and 38%, respectively. The lowest disease intensity (10%) was found in combination of LAN compost and 1% lemongrass plant essential oil
Aplikasi Metabolit Sekunder Trichoderma harzianum T10 dalam Formula Tablet Larut-air terhadap Penyakit Rebah Semai Mentimun
Get PDFPembuatan formula metabolit sekunder cendawan antagonis dalam tablet larut-air (TLA) merupakan hal baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan meramu metabolit sekunder Trichoderma harzianum T10 sebagai TLA untuk menekan pertumbuhan Pythium sp. secara in vitro dan pengendalian penyakit rebah semai mentimun di lapangan terbatas. Penelitian menggunakan kontrol dan 1–3 tablet per 15 mL, serta metabolit sekunder Trichoderma harzianum T10 per 15 mL dengan frekuensi penyiraman dari satu sampai empat kali. Variabel yang diamati ialah penghambatan pertumbuhan, masa inkubasi, insidensi penyakit, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot segar dan kering tanaman, serta senyawa fenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metabolit sekunder T. harzianum T10 dalam formula TLA dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Pythium sp. secara in vitro. Aplikasi metabolit sekunder T. harzianum T10 dalam formula TLA satu kali mampu mengendalikan penyakit rebah semai dengan menunda masa inkubasi sebesar 76.9%, mengurangi insidensi penyakit sebesar 85%, dan menurunkan AUDPC sebesar 85.35%-hari; meningkatkan pertumbuhan dari tinggi tanaman hingga 54.53%, jumlah daun sebesar 51.04%, bobot kering tanaman sebesar 49.46%, serta meningkatkan senyawa metabolit sekunder tanaman (saponin, tanin, dan hidrokuinon).Aplication of Trichoderma harzianum T10 Secondary Metabolites in Effervescent Tablets Formula towards Cucumber Damping-off
Formulation of secondary metabolites of antagonistic fungi in effervescent tablets (water-soluble tablets, TLA) is a novelty. This research aimed to determine the effect of application of Trichoderma harzianum T10 secondary metabolites in effervescent tablets formulas on the in vitro growth of Pythium sp and on controlling damping-off in field pot testing. In vitro test consisted of four treatments, i.e. control and 1–3 tablets per 15 mL; while field pot testing consisted of five treatments, i.e. control and watering frequency from one up to four times with five replicates for each treatment. Variables observed were growth inhibition, incubation period, disease incidence, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), plant height, number of leaves, weight of fresh and dry plants, weight of fresh and dry roots, and phenolic compound. Data analysis indicated that T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites in effervescent tablets formulas could inhibit the in vitro growth of Pythium sp.. One time application of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites in effervescent tablets formulas was able to control damping-off which is shown by delaying incubation period by 76.9%, reduce disease incidence by 85% and AUDPC by 85.35%-day; to increase plant growth by increasing plant height by 54.53%, number of leaves by 51.04%, weight of dry plants by 49.46%; and increase secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, and hydroquinone) compound of plants
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 16 No. 4, Juli 2022
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 4, Juli 2020This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 4, Juli 202
Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region
Get PDFPenyakit blas padi yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada pertanaman padi di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan cara penanggulangan penyakit blas yang murah, efisien dan aman dari risiko pencemaran pestisida. Namun ketahanan suatu varietas padi terhadap penyakit blas hanya dapat dimanfaatkan beberapa tahun saja disebabkan oleh kompleksitas patogen yang dengan mudah dapat mematahkan ketahanan varietas terutama bila ketahanan varietas ditentukan oleh hanya satu gen dominan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan penyakit blas dan variasi genetik dari isolat-isolat P. oryzae dari Kabupaten Maros serta hubungan tingkat keparahan penyakit dengan ragam haplotipe yang diperoleh sebagai dasar rekomendasi pengendalian dengan varietas tahan yang sifatnya spesifik lokasi. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit blas menggunakan standard evaluation system for rice dilakukan di 8 lokasi lahan petani di Kabupaten Maros Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Juni sampai September 2019. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan menggunakan primer spesifik penyandi gen virulensi (Pwl2, Erg2 dan Cut1). Tingkat keparahan blas tertinggi diamati pada var. Mekongga sebesar 42.12% di Kecamatan Simbang dan 23.33% di Kecamatan Maros Baru. Di Kecamatan Tanralili (var. Inpari-7) dan Kecamatan Mandai (var. Ciherang) tingkat keparahan hanya 7.6% dan 7.88%. Sebanyak 15 isolat P. oryzae diperoleh dari 8 kecamatan di Kabupaten Maros. Analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan 3 primer menunjukkan adanya 5 haplotipe yang berbeda, yaitu haplotipe A-000 (4 isolat), C-011 (3 isolat), D-111 (2 isolat), F-110 (3 isolat) dan G-100 (3 isolat).Severity of Blast Disease and Analysis of Virulence Gene Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Method
Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the important diseases in rice cultivation in the world, including Indonesia. The use of resistant varieties is a way to deal with blast disease since it is cheap, efficient and safe from the risk of pesticide pollution. However, the resistance of a rice variety to blast disease can only be utilized for a few years due to the complexity of pathogens which can easily break down the resistance of a variety, especially if their resistance is determined only by one dominant gene. The aims of this research was to determine the severity of blast disease and genetic variation of P. oryzae isolates from Maros District and the relationship between disease severity and haplotype variety obtained as the basis for recommendations for control with site-specific resistant varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice was carried out in 8 locations (different sub-districts) in Maros District, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The pathogen’s genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes namely Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The highest leaf blast intensity was observed on var. Mekongga in Simbang sub-district (42.12%) and Maros Baru sub-district (23.33%). In Tanralili sub-district (Inpari-7) and Mandai sub-district (var. Ciherang) leaf blast intencity were 7.6% and 7.88% respectively. A total of 15 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from 8 sub-districts in Maros. Analysis of genetic diversity showed found 5 different haplotypes, namely haplotype A-000 (4 isolates), C-011 (3 isolates), D-111 (2 isolates), F-110 (3 isolates) and G-100 (3 isolates)
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 17 No. 3, Mei 2021
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, JFI Vol. 17 No. 3, Mei 2021.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, JFI Vol. 17 No. 3, Mei 2021