Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Potensi Agens Hayati dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal dan Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bawang Merah
Get PDFPotential of Biological Agents for Controlling Basal Rot Disease and Promoting Plant Growth in Shallot
The use of biocontrol agents has been known as one component in integrated disease management for shallot. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of three biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis strains B1 and B298, and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum T14a) in suppressing the incidence of basal rot disease and promoting the growth of two shallot varieties (‘Bima Brebes’ and ‘Tajuk’) in the field. The experimental research was arranged in a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors, i.e. type of biocontrol agent and shallot’s variety. It was shown that application of biocontrol agents prolongs the incubation period of the disease. All biocontrol agents increase plant resistance and reduce the incidence of basal rot disease. B. subtilis B1 and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum T14a had high efficacy, i.e 81.53% and 58.02%. Based on the observation of disease incidence and the area under the disease progression curve, it is known that var. ‘Tajuk’ is more susceptible to basal rot disease than var. ‘Bima Brebes’. Furthermore, the analysis showed that all biocontrol agents were able to increase the percentage of germination, leaf area index, plant growth rate, total chlorophyll in leaves and productivity. The highest percent increase over control in productivity was obtained by B. subtilis B1 (45.45%) followed by nonpathogenic F. oxysporum T14a (37.88%) and B. subtilis B298 (28.79%). Two of the three biocontrol agents tested, i.e. B. subtilis B1 and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum T14a are potential agents for controlling basal rot disease in shallots because they have good ability to increase plant growth and productivity.Pemanfaatan agens hayati menjadi salah satu komponen pengendalian penyakit secara terpadu dalam budi daya bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas tiga agens hayati (Bacillus subtilis B1 dan B298, Fusarium oxysporum nonpatogen T14a) dalam menekan insidensi penyakit busuk pangkal dan memacu pertumbuhan dua varietas bawang merah (‘Bima Brebes’ dan ‘Tajuk’) di lapangan. Penelitian eksperimental disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial yang terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu jenis agens hayati dan varietas bawang merah. Semua agens hayati yang diuji menunjukkan kemampuan memperpanjang masa inkubasi penyakit, menekan insidensi penyakit dan meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan patogen busuk pangkal umbi. Bacillus subtilis B1 dan F. oxysporum nonpatogen T14a menunjukkan efikasi yang tinggi, yaitu 81.5% dan 58.0%. Berdasarkan nilai insidensi penyakit dan luas daerah di bawah kurva perkembangan penyakit diketahui bahwa var. ‘Tajuk’ bersifat lebih rentan terhadap penyakit busuk pangkal dibandingkan dengan var. ‘Bima Brebes’. Semua agens hayati yang diuji juga mampu meningkatkan persentase pertunasan umbi bawang merah, indeks luas daun, laju pertumbuhan, total klorofil pada daun, dan produktivitas tanaman. Peningkatan produktivitas tertinggi ditunjukkan B. subtilis B1 (45.45%), disusul berturut-turut oleh F. oxysporum nonpatogen T14a (37.88%), dan B. subtilis B298 (28.79%). Dua dari tiga agens hayati yang diuji, yaitu B. subtilis B1 dan F. oxysporum nonpatogen T14a, potensial untuk dijadikan agens pengendali patogen busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman bawang merah karena memiliki kemampuan cukup baik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman
Diversity of Morphology, Physiologi, Biochemistry and Virulence of Xanthomonas citri sub sp. citri Causes Cancer in Citrus
Get PDFKanker jeruk adalah penyakit penting tanaman jeruk di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Identifikasi patogen oleh petani masih berdasarkan gejala penyakit, padahal patogen memiliki keragaman virulensi, patotipe, genetika, dan tanaman inang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi, fisiologi, biokimia, molekuler, dan virulensi dari bakteri kanker jeruk. Bakteri diisolasi dari sampel lemon (Citrus limon), nipis (C. aurantifolia), purut (C. hystrix), siam (C. sinensis), dan fortunella (Fortunella margarita) yang menunjukkan gejala khas penyakit kanker di Bogor dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat. Karakteristik bakteri dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi, fisiologi, biokimia, dan molekuler menggunakan PCR primer universal, serta patogenisitas pada kultivar jeruk, yaitu lemon, nipis, purut, siam, dan fortunella. Sebanyak 16 galur bakteri patogen dari sampel tanaman jeruk menunjukkan gejala khas penyakit kanker. Koloni bakteri patogen beragam berdasarkan ukuran, warna, dan tekstur koloni; secara fisiologi dan biokimia juga beragam berdasarkan kemampuan protease, oksidase, hidrolisis kasein, dan hidrolisis pati; demikian juga patogenisitasnya pada empat kultivar jeruk juga beragam. Diketahui ada empat galur yang virulen (LB04, NP02, PB05, dan SP05) pada jeruk lemon, nipis, purut, dan siam dengan masa inkubasi 23–27 hari, insidensi 22.25–90.15%, dan keparahan 15.80–78.85%. Galur LB04 paling virulen berdasarkan nilai insidensi, keparahan, dan AUDPC; kultivar jeruk nipis paling rentan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis nukleotida gen 16S rRNA maka galur PB01 terkonfirmasi sebagai Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (MK121207.1) dengan homologi 99.7% sehingga termasuk patotipe A (Asiatik).Diversity of Morphology, Physiologi, Biochemistry and Virulence of Xanthomonas citri sub sp. citri Causes Cancer in Citrus
Citrus cancer is an important disease of citrus plants in the world, including Indonesia. Identification of pathogens by farmers is still based on disease symptoms, even though pathogens have a diversity of virulence, pathotypes, genetics, and host plants. The aim of the study was to determine the morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and virulence diversity of citrus cancer bacteria. Bacteria isolated from samples of lemon, lime, kaffir lime, siam and fortunella which showed typical symptoms of cancer in Bogor and Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota West Sumatra. Bacterial characteristics were carried out based on morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular using universal primer PCR, as well as pathogenicity in citrus cultivars lemon, lime, kaffir lime, siam, and fortunella. The results obtained
16 strains of pathogenic bacteria from samples of citrus plants that showed typical symptoms of cancer. Colonies of pathogenic bacteria vary according to colony size, color, and texture; physiologically and biochemically also varied based on the ability of protease, oxidase, casein and starch hydrolysis as well as their pathogenicity in the four citrus cultivars also varied. There were four virulent strains (LB04, NP02, PB05, and SP05) in lemon, lime, kaffir lime and siam with incubation period of 23–27 days, incidence 22.25–90.15%, and severity 15.80–78.85%. The most virulent strain LB04 based on incidence, severity, and AUDPC; lime cultivars are the most susceptible. Based on the nucleotide analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the PB01 strain was confirmed as Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (MK121207.1) with 99.7% homology so that it is included in pathotype A (Asiatic)
Viabilitas dan Daya Hambat Bakteri Endofit Pseudomonas fluorescens 4RS1 terhadap Phytophthora palmivora dalam FormulaTepung
Get PDFViability and Inhibition of Endophytic Bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens 4RS1 Against Phytophthora palmivora in Flour Formula
Pseudomonas fluorescens 4RS1 is an endophytic bacterium that has good inhibition against Phytophthora palmivora, and it has the potential to be developed as a biological agent for black pod rot disease in cocoa. It is necessary to have a formulation that can maintain viability and inhibition and facilitate its use and application, to apply this bacterial agent at the farm level. This study aimed to determine the ability of talc and tapioca flour as the ingredients of formulations that have strong solubility and maintain the viability and inhibition of P. fluorescens 4RS1. The results showed that the use of tapioca flour as the basis for the formulation of P. fluorescens 4RS1 was better than talc because it had high solubility and low precipitation. The addition of nutrients in the form of brown sugar, peptone, and CMC in the tapioca flour formulation was able to maintain the viability and inhibition of P. fluorescens 4RS1 for 12 weeks of storage.Pseudomonas fluorescens 4RS1 merupakan bakteri endofit yang memiliki daya hambat kuat terhadap Phytophthora palmivora sehingga potensial dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati penyakit busuk buah pada kakao. Agar aplikasi agens hayati ini dapat dilakukan oleh petani maka diperlukan suatu formula yang mampu mempertahankan viabilitas dan daya hambatnya, serta memudahkan penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kemampuan talk dan tepung tapioka sebagai bahan dasar formula yang dilengkapi bahan tambahan nutrisi supaya mampu mempertahankan viabilitas dan daya hambat P. fluorescens 4RS1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung tapioka sebagai bahan dasar formula P. fluorescens 4RS1 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan talk karena memiliki daya larut yang tinggi dan endapan yang rendah. Penambahan nutrisi berupa gula merah, pepton, dan CMC dalam formula tepung tapioka mampu mempertahankan viabilitas dan daya hambat P. fluorescens 4RS1 selama 12 minggu masa penyimpanan
Penularan Papaya ringspot virus melalui Serangga Vektor dan Biji
Get PDFInsect Vector and Seedborne Transmission of Papaya ringspot virus
Ringspot disease of papaya caused by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is widely spread in Indonesia. Dissemination of this disease is known to occur through infected seedlings and aphid vectors. This study was conducted to determine transmission efficiency of PRSV through two aphid species, i.e. Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae and to confirm that PRSV cannot be transmitted through seeds. Aphid transmission of PRSV isolate from Medan was carried out in papaya var. California with an acquisition feeding period and an inoculation feeding period of 10 minutes each. A minimum of 5 A. gossypii and 10 M. persicae were required for successful PRSV transmission. Transmission of PRSV by A. gossypii resulted higher disease incidence and more severe disease symptoms than transmission by M. persicae. Disease symptoms was not observed in all papaya seedlings grown from seeds extracted from fruits showing ringspot symptoms. Detection of PRSV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method showed no amplification of specific DNA fragment of PRSV. The results of this study confirmed the potential of aphids as PRSV vectors and proved that PRSV was not seed borne.Penyakit bercak bercincin pada pepaya yang disebabkan oleh Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) dilaporkan sudah menyebar luas di Indonesia. Pemencaran penyakit ini diketahui terjadi melalui bibit tanaman terinfeksi dan serangga vektor kutudaun. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji efisiensi penularan PRSV melalui dua spesies kutudaun, yaitu Aphis gossypii dan Myzus persicae dan membuktikan bahwa PRSV tidak dapat ditularkan melalui biji. Penularan PRSV isolat Medan melalui kutudaun dilakukan pada tanaman pepaya var. California dengan periode makan akuisisi dan periode makan inokulasi masing-masing selama 10 menit. Minimal 5 ekor A. gossypii dan 10 ekor M. persicae diperlukan untuk keberhasilan penularan PRSV. Penularan PRSV melalui A. gossypii menghasilkan insidensi penyakit yang lebih tinggi dan gejala penyakit yang lebih parah dibandingkan dengan penularan melalui M. persicae. Bibit pepaya dari biji yang berasal dari buah yang menunjukkan gejala bercak bercincin tidak menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan tidak diperoleh fragmen DNA spesifik PRSV pada deteksi PRSV menggunakan metode reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi potensi kutudaun sebagai vektor PRSV dan membuktikan bahwa PRSV tidak bersifat tular biji
Keefektifan Bakteri Endofit dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dalam Menekan Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Eucalyptus pellita
Get PDFPenyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman eukaliptus (Eucalyptus pellita) di Indonesia. Salah satu pendekatan teknik pengendalian adalah melalui pemanfaatan bakteri endofit dan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA). Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan bakteri endofit dan FMA dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit layu bakteri. Terdapat sepuluh kombinasi bakteri endofit dan FMA yang di-ujikan pada bibit eukaliptus berumur satu bulan. Inokulasi R. solanacearum secara buatan dilakukan tiga bulan setelah introduksi bakteri endofit dan FMA. Percobaan dilakukan di ruang growth chamber. Peubah pengamatan meliputi periode inkubasi, insidensi penyakit, laju penyakit, agresivitas kolonisasi bakteri dengan mengamati cairan bakteri (ooze) R. solanacearum pada bibit eukaliptus, pengukuran aktivitas phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), dan total fenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B5F1 (Paenibacillus polymyxa dan Glomus mosseae) memiliki kemampuan penekanan tertinggi terhadap perkembangan penyakit layu bakteri pada bibit eukaliptus, yaitu sebesar 100%. Perlakuan B5F1 menunjukkan periode inkubasi R. solanacearum lebih lama, persentase insidensi penyakit paling rendah, laju infeksi penyakit rendah, dan penghambatan agresivitas kolonisasi R. solanacearum pada eukaliptus. Sementara perlakuan B4F1 (Serratia marcescens dan G. mosseae) mampu meningkatkan aktivitas PAL dan total fenol tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, perlakuan B5F1 dan B4F1 berpotensi mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri pada tanaman eukaliptus.Effectiveness of Endophytic Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Suppressing Ralstonia solanacearum in Eucalyptus pellita Plants
Bacterial wilt disease (BWD) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the important diseases of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pellita) plants in Indonesia. One of the control technique approaches is the use of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of endophytic bacteria and AMF in suppressing the development of bacterial wilt disease. There were ten combinations of endophytic bacteria and AMF that were tested on one month old eucalyptus seeds. Artificial inoculation of R. solanacearum was carried out three months after introduction of endophytic bacteria and AMF. Experiments were carried out in the growth chamber. The observation variables included incubation period, disease incidence, disease rate, aggressiveness of bacterial colonization by R. solanacearum, measurement of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, and total phenol. The results showed that the combination of B5F1 (Paenibacillus polymyxa and Glomus mosseae) showed the highest suppression ability of the development of bacterial wilt disease in eucalyptus seedlings up to 100%. B5F1 treatment showed a longer incubation period of R. solanacearum, the lowest incidence of disease, low infection rates, and inhibited the agresiveness of R. solanacearum. Meanwhile B4F1 (Serratia marcescens and G. mosseae) was able to increase PAL activity and the highest total phenol compared to other treatments. Based on the results of this study, the threatment of B5F1 and B4F1 has the potential to control bacterial wilt disease in eucalyptus plants
Keefektifan Isolat Tunggal, Campuran dan Konsorsium Bakteri Endofit terhadap Fusarium solani dan Meloidogyne spp. secara in Vitro
Get PDFFusarium solani dan Meloidogyne spp. merupakan dua jenis patogen yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit kuning lada. Pemanfaatan bakteri endofit dalam pengendalian penyakit kuning lada perlu dievaluasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas biokontrol isolat bakteri endofit yang diaplikasikan secara tunggal (B. siamensis dan B. velezensis), campuran (B. subtilis dan B. wiedmannii) dan konsorsium (PTM3) dalam menekan F. solani dan Meloidogyne spp. secara in vitro. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi F. solani dan ekstraksi Meloidogyne spp. dari akar tanaman lada, uji patogenisitas, uji dual kultur dan uji mortalitas, serta karakterisasi fisiologi isolat bakteri endofit. Isolat F. solani dan Meloidogyne spp. terbukti bersifat patogenik pada bibit lada dan menyebabkan munculnya gejala penyakit kuning. Empat isolat bakteri endofit yang diuji mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. solani. Penghambatan tertinggi pada medium TSA ditunjukkan oleh isolat tunggal B. siamensis, yaitu sebesar 57.25%; sedangkan pada medium ADK ditunjukkan oleh isolat campuran B. subtilis dan B. wiedmannii, yaitu sebesar 56.47%. Mortalitas larva juvenil 2 Meloidogyne spp. mengalami peningkatan tertinggi pada perlakuan B. velezenziz, yaitu sebesar 75.24%. Isolat B. siamensis dan B. velevenzis menunjukkan aktivitas protease dan selulase; sedangkan isolat campuran B. subtilis dan B. wiedmannii serta isolat konsorsium PTM3 menunjukkan aktivitas kitinase, protease dan selulase.Effectivity of Single Isolates, Mixtures, and Consortium of Endophytic Bacteria Against Fusarium solani and Meloidogyne spp. in Vitro
Fusarium solani and Meloidogyne spp. is known as pathogens associated with pepper yellow disease. The use of endophytic bacteria for controlling this disease needs to be evaluated. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the biocontrol activity of endophytic bacterial isolates applied singly (B. siamensis and B. velezensis), mixed (B. subtilis and B. wiedmannii) and consortium (PTM3) in suppressing F. solani and Meloidogyne spp. in vitro. Research methods included the isolation of F. solani and extraction of Meloidogyne spp. from the roots of infected plant, pathogenicity test, dual culture and mortality test, as well as physiological assay of endophytic bacterial isolates. The isolates of F. solani and Meloidogyne spp. proven to be pathogenic in pepper seedlings and causing yellow symptoms. Four isolates of endophytic bacteria were able to inhibit mycelium growth of F. solani. The highest inhibition on TSA medium was shown by a single isolate of B. siamensis, i.e. 57.25%; while on PDA medium was shown by mixed isolates of B. subtilis and B. wiedmannii, i.e. 56.47%. Application of B. velezenziz caused the highest mortality rate of Juvenile larval 2 Meloidogyne spp., i.e. 75.24%. Both B. siamensis and B. velevenzis isolates showed protease and cellulase activity; while mixed isolates of B. subtilis and B. wiedmannii and the PTM3 consortium isolates showed chitinase, protease and cellulase activity
Penekanan Sumber Inokulum Rigidoporus microporus dengan Solarisasi Tanah dan Penambahan Bahan Organik
Get PDFCendawan akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) merupakan salah satu patogen penting yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan di pertanaman karet. Kemampuan hidup yang tinggi sebagai saprob pada tunggul tanaman dan sisa-sisa akar yang mati menjadikan bagian ini sebagai sumber inokulum penting, baik untuk tanaman karet yang sehat di sebelahnya maupun pada saat melakukan penanaman ulang. Oleh karena itu, pengurangan sumber inokulum ini menjadi kunci penting untuk mencegah penyebaran lebih lanjut. Solarisasi tanah merupakan salah satu metode disinfeksi tanah sebelum tanam dalam pengendalian beberapa hama penyakit tertentu dan dapat mengurangi penggunaan senyawa sintetik di dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan solarisasi tanah dan penambahan bahan organik terhadap kelangsungan hidup R. microporus. Solarisasi tanah secara nyata menekan kelangsungan hidup R. microporus pada kedalaman lokasi patogen, yaitu 5 dan 15 cm dari permukaan tanah. Sementara itu perlakuan bahan organik tidak berpengaruh nyata dalam menekan perkembangan R. microporus. Semakin lama waktu solarisasi, kemampuan penekanan terhadap daya hidup inokulum semakin tinggi. Hasil penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa solarisasi tanah memicu aktivitas bakteri kelompok fluoresens yang diduga dapat menekan inokulum patogen penyebab busuk akar tersebut.Suppression of Rigidoporus microporus Inoculum Sources with Soil Solarization and Organic Matter Amendmend
White root rot fungus (Rigidoporus microporus) is one of the devastating plant pathogens on hevea rubber plantation. Its high ability to live as saprophytes on plant stumps and dead roots debris makes this part as an important source of inoculum, both for neighboring healthy trees and at the time of replanting. Therefore, reducing this source of inoculum is an important key to preventing further pathogen dispersal. Soil solarization is a one of the methods of soil disinfection before planting for controlling certain pests and diseases and for reducing the use of synthetic compound in the soil. This study aims to determine the effect of soil solarization and organic matter amendment on the survival of R. microporus. Soil solarization significantly suppressed the survival of R. microporus at both soil depths, 5 and 15 cm from soil surface. Meanwhile, organic matter treatment had no significant effect in suppressing the development of R. microporus. The suppression of the inoculum was higher with longer period of soil solarization. Our results indicate that soil solarization stimulates fluorescent bacteria that may in turn suppress the white root rot fungus
Deteksi dan Karakterisasi Penyakit Bunt pada Biji Gandum Konsumsi Impor
Get PDFPenyakit bunt merupakan penyakit penting pada gandum (Triticum aestivum) yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Tilletia spp. Penyakit ini menjadi perhatian utama dalam perdagangan internasional karena dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas gandum. Genus Tilletia merupakan salah satu organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina yang belum terdapat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengarakterisasi penyakit bunt pada biji gandum impor serta menguji viabilitasnya. Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel dari kapal laut, deskripsi gejala penyakit bunt, deteksi dan identifikasi Tilletia spp. secara morfologi dengan cara washing test dilanjutkan uji viabilitas teliospora serta pengamatan suhu dan pengambilan sampel di instalasi pengolahan gandum pada mesin penggilingan gandum dan kulit ari gandum. Keberadaan cendawan Tilletia spp. dideteksi dengan mengamati biji gandum bergejala yang dicirikan berwarna cokelat hingga hitam pada sebagian hingga seluruh permukaan biji, biji menjadi kerdil serta malformasi. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan cendawan T. laevis. Cendawan ini tidak berkecambah pada semua suhu yang diujikan. Suhu pengamatan di instalasi pengolahan biji gandum ialah antara 48.5 ℃ dan 94.0 ℃, sedangkan pada mesin pengolah kulit ari gandum 48.6 ℃ dan 66.1 ℃. Teliospora cendawan ini ditemukan pada sampel gandum, tetapi tidak ditemukan pada sampel kulit ari gandum.Detection and Characterization of Bunt Diseases in Imported Wheat Seed for Food
Bunt is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by the fungus Tilletia spp. This disease is a major concern in international trade because it can reduce the quality and quantity of wheat. Tilletia spp. is one of the quarantine pests that has not been found in Indonesia. This study was aimed to detect and characterize bunt disease in imported wheat seeds and testing its viability. The study began with taking samples from ships, describing disease symptoms, detection and identification of Tilletia spp. morphologically by washing test followed by teliospore viability test, temperature observation and grain or bran sampling at the wheat dan bran processing plant. The presence of the fungus Tilletia spp. is detected by looking for the symptoms which are characterized by brown to black seeds on part to the entire surface of the seeds, the seeds become stunted and showed malformations. Morphology identification confirmed the presence of the fungus T. laevis. Tilletia laevis did not germinate at all temperatures tested. The observed temperature at the wheat grain processing plant was between 48.5 ℃ and 94.0 ℃, while in the bran processing machine was 48.6 ℃ and 66.1 ℃. Teliospores of T. laevis was found in wheat samples but not in bran samples
Potensi Bakteri Endofit Asal Lantana camara, Kelapa Sawit, dan Mangrove untuk Mengendalikan Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanaman Terung
Get PDFNematoda puru akar (NPA) Meloidogyne spp. merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada tanaman terung. Puru akar sangat merugikan karena menurunkan hasil produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri endofit dari Lantana camara dan mengevaluasinya bersama bakteri endofit dari akar kelapa sawit, dan mangrove yang berpotensi untuk mengendalikan Meloidogyne spp. dan menentukan pengaruhnya pada pertumbuhan tanaman terung, serta mengidentifikasi bakteri endofit yang potensial sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Potensi agens hayati mengacu pada hasil pengujian uji mortalitas, uji senyawa organik volatil (SOV) dan uji penekanan puru akar dievaluasi dengan mengukur persentase penurunan jumlah puru, kerusakan akar, dan jumlah paket telur. Hasil uji menunjukkan seluruh isolat bakteri endofit berpotensi menyebabkan mortalitas, menghasilkan SOV, dan dapat menekan persentase jumlah puru pada akar, serta memberikan pengaruh terhadap bobot dan tinggi tanaman. Bakteri endofit LCA5 dan LCA13 menyebabkan mortalitas lebih dari 90% terhadap Meloidogyne spp. J2. Selama 24 jam dan pada uji SOV menyebabkan mortalitas lebih dari 60% selama 24 jam. Bakteri endofit yang memiliki potensi sebagai pengendalian hayati diidentifikasi sebagai Dyella marensis, Stenotrophomonas rhizophilla, dan Providencia vermicola.Potential of the Endophytic Bacteria from Lantana camara, Palm Oil, and Mangroves to control Meloidogyne spp. on Eggplant
Root knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is one of the important pathogens in eggplant. Root gall is very detrimental disease that can cause production reduces. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacteria from Lantana camara and evaluate them together with endophytic bacteria from oil palm roots and mangroves which have the potential to control Meloidogyne spp. and determine its effect on eggplant growth, as well as identify potential endophytic bacteria as biological control agents. The biological control agents’ potency was referred to screening results such as mortality test, volatile organic compound (SOV) and suppress test on root gall was evaluated by measuring percentage of gall reduction, root damage scale and egg package. The results showed that all endophytic bacteria isolates had the potential to mortality of Meloidogyne spp. and produce SOV as well as can suppressing the percentage of gall reduction in eggplant root and have effect to the weight and height of the plant. Isolates LCA5 and LCA13 had the potential to mortality of Meloidogyne spp. above 90% during 24 hours, and the SOV test causes mortality above 60% for 24 hours. Endophytic bacteria that have potential as biological control were identified as Dyella marensis, Stenotrophomonas rhizophilla, and Providencia vermicola
Metode Kultur Meristem untuk Eliminasi Virus dari Umbi Bawang Merah
Get PDFPetani bawang merah di Indonesia menggunakan umbi hasil panen sebagai sumber benih untuk musim tanam berikutnya. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan akumulasi virus pada umbi meningkat dan menjadi penyebab terjadinya penurunan produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengoptimasi metode kultur meristem yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik termoterapi (30 ºC) untuk menghasilkan umbi bawang merah yang bebas virus. Umbi bawang merah cv. Bima Curut yang sudah dikonfirmasi terinfeksi Potyvirus dan Carlavirus digunakan sebagai bahan eksplan. Sterilisasi umbi dilakukan secara bertahap menggunakan bakterisida, fungisida, dan sodium hipoklorit. Tunas meristem berukuran 0.6 sampai 0.7 mm diisolasi dari umbi dan ditanam berturut-turut pada medium penginduksi tunas, akar, dan umbi sampai terbentuk umbi mini. Umbi mini selanjutnya ditanam di rumah kasa sampai terbentuk umbi mikro. Hasil deteksi virus dengan metode reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction mengonfirmasi bahwa plantlet pada tahap multiplikasi dan tanaman di rumah kasa bebas dari infestasi Potyvirus dan Carlavirus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode kultur meristem yang dikombinasi dengan termoterapi potensial menghasilkan umbi bawang merah bebas virus.Meristem Culture Method for Virus Elimination from Shallot Bulb
Shallot farmers in Indonesia have commonly grown bulbs from the previous planting season as seed sources for the next season. This may cause the accumulation of viruses in bulbs which in turn lowering plant productivity. A research was conducted to optimize the meristem culture method combined with thermotherapy (30 ºC) to produce virus-free shallot bulbs. Shallot bulbs of cv. Bima Curut that had been confirmed infected by Potyvirus and Carlavirus were used as explant sources. Bulb sterilization was carried out using bactericides, fungicides, and sodium hypochlorite. Meristem shoots of 0.6 to 0.7 mm in size were isolated from bulbs and plant successively in the shoot, root, and bulb induction medium to form mini bulbs. The mini bulbs were then planted in the screen house for 2 to 2.5 months until micro bulbs were formed. Virus detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method confirmed that plantlets at the multiplication stage and plants in the screen house were free of Potyvirus and Carlavirus infestations. This study showed that the meristem culture method combined with thermotherapy is a potential approach for producing virus-free shallot bulbs