Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Penekanan Penyakit Blas pada Tanaman Padi melalui Perlakuan Cendawan Endofit Nigrospora sp.
Get PDFPenyakit blas merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil pada tanaman padi. Pengendalian penyakit dengan menggunakan varietas tahan dan penggunaan fungisida masih belum efektif karena tingginya variasi genetik patogen blas, yaitu cendawan Pyricularia oryzae. Pengendalian hayati di antaranya menggunakan cendawan endofit diharapkan mampu menjadi alternatif untuk menekan P. oryzae. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aplikasi perendaman dan penyemprotan cendawan endofit Nigrospora sp. dalam menekan penyakit blas. Percobaan dilakukan di dalam pot yang diletakkan di lapangan terbuka di Bogor dari bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2021. Aplikasi cendawan endofit yang diujikan meliputi perendaman benih, penyemprotan tajuk dan kombinasi keduanya. Sebagai pembanding digunakan tanaman yang diberi perlakuan fungisida berbahan aktif trisiklazol dan tanaman kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan. Pengamatan meliputi insidensi penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan kolonisasi cendawan endofit pada potongan daun. Meskipun insidensi penyakit mencapai 100% untuk semua perlakuan pada pengamatan terakhir (7 minggu setelah inokulasi), namun tingkat keparahannya tertekan oleh perlakuan Nigrospora sp. Cendawan endofit Nigrospora sp. mampu menekan keparahan penyakit blas daun sebesar 3.0%–25.3% dan blas leher sebesar 49.5%–61.6% jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penekanan penyakit blas paling stabil mulai dari awal pengamatan sampai akhir pengamatan ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan kombinasi perendaman benih dengan penyemprotan Nigrospora sp. Kemampuan cendawan endofit dalam mengolonisasi tanaman padi pada perlakuan Nigrospora sp. berkisar 40.0%–55.6%.Suppression of Blast Disease in Rice Plants using Endophytic Fungus Nigrospora sp.
Blast disease is one of the important diseases that can cause yield loss in rice plants. Disease control using resistant varieties and the use of fungicides is still not effective due to the high genetic variation of the blast pathogen, i.e. the fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Biological control, including the use of endophytic fungi, is an alternative strategy to suppress this fungus. This study aimed to evaluate the application of soaking and spraying the endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. in suppressing blast disease. The experiment was carried out in pots placed in an open field in the Bogor area from February to October 2021. The application of endophytic fungi included seed soaking, canopy spraying and a combination of both. As a treatment comparison was application of fungicide with the active ingredient tricyclazole and control treatment was plants that were not treated at all. Observations included disease incidence, disease severity and endophytic fungal colonization on leaf. Although the incidence of disease reached 100% for all treatments at the last observation periode (7 weeks after inoculation), the severity was suppressed by the treatment of Nigrospora sp. The endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. was able to suppress the severity of leaf blast disease by 3.0%–25.3% and neck blast by 49.5%–61.6% when compared to controls. The most stable suppression of blast disease from the beginning to the end of the observation was shown by the combination treatment of seed soaking and spraying by Nigrospora sp. The ability of endophytic fungi to colonize rice plants ranged from 40.0%–55.6%
Morphometric and Pathogenecity Variation of Peronosclerospora spp. The Causal Agent of Maize Downy Mildew in Java Island, Indonesia
Get PDFKehilangan hasil akibat penyakit bulai, yang disebabkan oleh Peronosclerospora spp. di beberapa sentra penanaman jagung di Pulau Jawa telah dilaporkan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menentukan karakteristik morfometri dan tingkat patogenisitas strain Peronosclerospora. Sepuluh strain Peronosclerospora spp. berasal dari sentra produksi jagung, yaitu Blitar (BLT), Kediri (KDR), Kediri 2 (KDR2), Klaten (KLT), Cianjur (CJR), Garut (GRT), Jatinangor Sumedang (JTN), Rancakalong Sumedang (RCG), Indramayu (IMY), dan Sukabumi (SKB). Variasi morfometri diperoleh melalui pengamatan secara mikroskopis dengan melihat bentuk konidium, mengukur ketebalan dinding sel, panjang konidiofor, konidium dan konidiofor, serta menghitung jumlah cabang dan percabangan. Tingkat patogenisitas ditetapkan dengan cara menghitung persentase insidensi penyakit pada tanaman jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan morfometri dan tingkat patogenisitas strain yang beragam. Analisis dendrogram berdasarkan karakter morfometri memisahkan strain Peronosclerospora menjadi dua klaster utama. Strain KDR2 merupakan spesies P. philipinensis karena identik dengan strain rujukan, yaitu P. philippinensis yang berada pada satu klaster; sedangkan strain-strain lain teridentifikasi sebagai P. maydis karena identik dengan spesies rujukan P. maydis dan membentuk satu klaster lain. Berdasarkan uji patogenisitas, strain IMY menyebabkan insidensi penyakit terendah (8.33%) dan strain KLT menyebabkan insidensi penyakit tertinggi (47.92%).Morphometric and Pathogenecity Variation of Peronosclerospora spp. The Causal Agent of Maize Downy Mildew in Java Island, Indonesia
Downy mildew disease in maize caused by Peronosclerospora spp. has been reported to cause yield loss in several production centers in Java. This study aimed to determine the morphometric characteristics and pathogenicity of Peronosclerospora spp.. Ten strains of Peronosclerospora were collected from maize production center in Blitar (BLT), Kediri (KDR), Kediri 2 (KDR2), Klaten (KLT), Cianjur (CJR), Garut (GRT), Jatinangor Sumedang (JTN), Rancakalong Sumedang (RCG), Indramayu (IMY), and Sukabumi (SKB). Morphometric variation was determined using microscope by observing shape of conidium; measuring cell wall thickness, length of conidiophores, dimensions of conidia; and counting the number of branches. Differences in morphology and pathogenicity between strains was evidenced. Dendogram analysis based on morphometric characters differentiated strains of Peronosclerospora into 2 main clusters. One strain, KDR2 is in the same group and identical with reference strain P. philippinensis; while the others are in the same group and identical with reference strain P. maydis. Pathogenicity test showed that IMY strain caused the lowest disease incidence (8.33%) and KLT strain caused the highest disease incidence (47.92%)
Distribution and Identification of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus Infecting Chili Pepper in Bali Island
Get PDFGejala daun keriting kuning pada cabai telah dilaporkan di Pulau Bali sejak awal tahun 2012 dan saat ini semakin meluas. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakit dan daerah sebarnya di Pulau Bali. Penelitian diawali dengan pengamatan keparahan penyakit dan pengambilan sampel lapangan dari beberapa daerah penanaman cabai di Bali (Karangasem, Bangli, Tabanan, dan Gianyar). Identifikasi Begomovirus dari sampel lapangan dilakukan dengan metode polymerase chain reaction menggunakan primer universal SPG1/SPG2 dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis sikuen DNA target yang telah diamplifikasi. Insidensi penyakit daun keriting kuning cabai mencapai 100% pada semua lokasi pengamatan dan keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 18%−87%. Fragmen DNA spesifik Begomovirus berukuran 912 pb berhasil diamplifikasi dari 12 sampel lapangan. Analisis sikuen fragmen DNA menunjukkan homologi tertinggi dengan Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV). Analisis filogenetik lebih lanjut mengonfirmasi hubungan kekerabatan antara isolat-isolat PYLCIV dari Bali dengan berbagai isolat PYLCIV dari Indonesia.Yellow leaf curl disease in chili pepper has been reported in Bali Island since the early 2012. Research was conducted to identify the virus causing this disease and disease distribution in Bali. Field survey was carried out to observe disease intensity and to collect field samples from several chili pepper growing areas in Bali (Karangasem, Bangli, Tabanan, and Gianyar). Begomovirus identification from field samples was then conducted by polymerase chain reaction method using universal primers SPG1/SPG2, followed by an analysis of the amplified target DNA sequences. The incidence of pepper yellow leaf curl disease reached 100% at all sites and disease severity reached 18%−87%. Begomovirus specific DNA fragment measuring 912 bp was successfully amplified from 12 field samples. Sequence analysis of DNA fragments showed the highest homology with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV). Further phylogenetic analysis confirmed the relationship between PYLCIV isolates from Bali and various PYLCIV isolates from Indonesia
Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Dayak Onions’ Flower (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) Against Fusarium sp. Infecting Chili Plant
Get PDFAntagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Dayak Onions’ Flower (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) Against Fusarium sp. Infecting Chili Plant
Wilt disease caused by Fusarium spp. is an important problem in chili cultivation. Meanwhile, use of biological agents such as endophytic fungi from medicinal plants have the potential to control plant diseases. Dayak onions are medicinal plants that known to have antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Dayak onion flowers against Fusarium spp. A total of seventeen isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from the flower of Dayak onion flowers, namely EnA, EnB, EnC, EnD, EnE, EnF, EnG, EnH, EnI, EnJ, EnK, EnL, EnM, EnN, EnO, EnP, and EnQ. Five of the seventeen isolates, i.e. EnA, EnF, EnI, EnJ, and EnK were further examined in antagonistic test against Fusarium spp. using dual culture method. Inhibition of colony growth of Fusarium spp. caused by isolates EnA, EnF, EnI, EnJ, and EnK were 67.6%, 53.15%, 77.25%, 70.42% and 67.1%, respectively.Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan penyakit penting dalam budi daya cabai. Salah satu cara potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman ialah menggunakan agens hayati seperti cendawan endofit dari tanaman obat. Bawang dayak termasuk tanaman obat yang bersifat antibakteri, anticendawan, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antagonistik cendawan endofit yang berasal dari bunga bawang dayak terhadap cendawan patogen Fusarium spp. Sebanyak tujuh belas isolat cendawan endofit berhasil diperoleh dari bunga bawang dayak, yaitu isolat EnA, EnB, EnC, EnD, EnE, EnF, EnG, EnH, EnI, EnJ, EnK, EnL, EnM, EnN, EnO, EnP, dan EnQ. Lima dari tujuh belas isolat, yaitu EnA, EnF, EnI, EnJ, dan EnK digunakan untuk uji antagonisme terhadap Fusarium spp. dengan metode dual kultur. Penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium spp. yang disebabkan oleh isolat EnA, EnF, EnI, EnJ, dan EnK berturut-turut sebesar 67.6%, 53.15%, 77.25%, 70,42% dan 67.1%
Asap Cair Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang terhadap Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis
Get PDFWood Vinegar as Plant Growth and Defense Inducer of Banana Plants against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis
Banana seedlings derived from tissue culture are known to be susceptible to stress at early growing stage in the field. Pre-conditioning of seedlings using priming agents, such as coconut shell wood vinegar was reported to enhance plant growth and resistance. This study aimed to obtain information on the effect of coconut shell wood vinegar on growth and defense-related enzymes activity of Cavendish banana plantlet in the root induction phase and suppression of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis in vitro. Research was conducted involving evaluation of wood vinegar phytotoxicity, analysis of plantlet growth, analysis of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, isolation of R. syzygii subsp. celebsensis, and toxicity assay of wood vinegar against R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis in vitro. Application of wood vinegar at 1.5% concentraion was phytotoxic, indicated by symptom development including chlorosis, necrosis, mucus secretion and plantlet death. Lower concentration of wood vinegar, i.e. ≤ 1.0% was not phytotoxic; even the treatment of wood vinegar at 0.1% caused an optimum increase in plantlet growth. Application of wood vinegar also increased the activity of defense-related enzymes at 2, 4, and 6 days after planting (DAP) but decreased at 30 DAP. Furthermore, wood vinegar showed antibacterial properties through the formation of inhibition zones and it caused decreased in the value of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis cell densities. This study shows the potential of priming techniques for controlling banana blood disease, especially for banana seedlings propagated through tissue culture.Bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan diketahui rentan terhadap cekaman pada awal pertumbuhan di lapangan. Pra-pengondisian bibit menggunakan agens priming dilaporkan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman. Asap cair tempurung kelapa dilaporkan mampu memacu pertumbuhan dan menginduksi ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi pengaruh asap cair asal tempurung kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada plantlet pisang Cavendish pada fase induksi perakaran serta penekanan R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Tahapan penelitian mencakup uji fitotoksisitas asap cair, analisis pertumbuhan plantlet, analisis aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan polifenol oksidase, isolasi R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis, dan uji toksisitas asap cair terhadap R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≥ 1.5% bersifat fitotoksik dengan gejala meliputi klorosis, nekrosis, terbentuk lendir dan kematian plantlet. Perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≤ 1% tidak bersifat fitotoksik, bahkan peningkatan pertumbuhan plantlet optimum ditunjukkan pada perlakuan asap cair 0.1%. Perlakuan asap cair menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada 2, 4 dan 6 hari setelah tanam (HST), tetapi menurun pada 30 HST. Selain itu, asap cair bersifat antibakteri melalui terbentuknya zona hambat dan menyebabkan penurunan nilai kerapatan sel R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi teknik priming untuk pengendalian penyakit darah pisang terutama pada bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan
Penapisan Cendawan Laut sebagai Agens Pengendalian Hayati Colletotrichum acutatum pada Tanaman Cabai
Get PDFAntraknosa merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum acutatum. Antraknosa sangat merugikan karena menurunkan hasil produksi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan cendawan laut yang berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan C. acutatum dan menekan penyakit antraknosa, serta mengidentifikasi isolat cendawan laut yang potensial sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Potensi agens hayati mengacu pada hasil penapisan seperti uji antagonis dan senyawa organik volatil (SOV), sedangkan penghambatan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai didasarkan pada hasil pengukuran insidensi penyakit dan diameter gejala antraknosa. Hasil uji menunjukkan semua isolat cendawan laut berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan C. acutatum dan menghasilkan SOV, serta dapat menekan insidensi penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Empat galur cendawan laut, yaitu 4145, B3st2, GN322, Z521 memiliki potensi menjadi agens pengendalian hayati penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Hasil identifikasi empat galur tersebut berdasarkan analisis sikuen nukleotida adalah Fusarium proliferatum 4145, Trichoderma harzianum B3st2, fungal endofit GN322, dan Fusarium solani Z521.Screening of Marine Fungi as Biological Control Agent of Colletotrichum acutatum on Chili
Anthracnose is an important disease of red chili plants in Indonesia caused by Coletotrichum acutatum. Anthracnose is a very detrimental disease because it reduces yields. This study aimed to obtain marine fungi that have the potency to inhibit the growth of C. acutatum and suppress anthracnose disease, as well as to identify the potential of marine fungal isolates as biological control agents. The biological control agents’ potency was determined based on screening results such as antagonist test and volatile organic compound (VOC) while suppression of anthracnose disease on chili was evaluated by measuring the incidence of disease and the diameter of anthracnose symptoms. The results showed that all marine fungal isolates had the potential to inhibit the growth of C. acutatum and produce VOC. All the isolates has also the capability to suppress the incidence of anthracnose in chilies. Four strains of marine fungal, i.e. 4145, B3st2, GN322, Z521. Based on analysis of nucleotide sequences, the Fusarium proliferatum 4145, Trichoderma harzianum B3st2, fungal endophyte GN322, and Fusarium solani Z521 can be used as biological control agents C. acutatum on chili
DNA Probe as Biosensor Candidate for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on Tomato Plants
Get PDFProbe DNA sebagai Kandidat Biosensor Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pada Tanaman Tomat
Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji teknik deteksi gen menggunakan DNA probe spesifik untuk mendeteksi gen tomA pada Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, bakteri penyebab kanker pada tomat. Probe dirancang menggunakan program Primer3Plus, dilabel dengan molekul nonradioaktif digoxigenin (DIG) dan digunakan pada metode hibridisasi dengan teknik dot blot. Sampel uji terdiri atas dua jenis, yaitu sampel DNA genom yang berasal dari kultur bakteri murni dan dari benih tomat yang diinfeksi buatan dengan C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Sampel yang berasal dari kultur murni bakteri menunjukkan hasil hibridisasi positif pada semua tingkat konsentrasi DNA; sedangkan sampel yang berasal dari biji tomat hanya menunjukkan reaksi positif pada konsentrasi 10, 8, 6, dan 4 µg µL-1. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa probe yang dirancang berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pengembangan metode deteksi C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pada biji tomat berbasis biosensor dan bersifat cukup spesifik karena tidak ada reaksi silang dengan kelompok bakteri bukan target.The study was conducted to evaluate gene detection technique using a specific DNA probe to detect tomA gene in Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, a bacteria causing cancer in tomatoes. The probe was designed using Primer3Plus program, labeled with the non-radioactive molecule digoxigenin (DIG) and used in the hybridization method with the dot blot technique. The test samples consisted of two types, i.e. genomic DNA samples from pure bacterial cultures and from artificially infected tomato seeds with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Samples derived from pure bacterial cultures showed positive hybridization results at all levels of DNA concentration; while samples from tomato seeds only showed positive reactions at concentrations of 10, 8, 6, and 4 g L-1. This study concludes that the designed probe has the potential to be used in the development of biosensor-based detection methods for C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato seeds and is quite specific because there is no cross-reaction with non-target bacterial groups
Identifikasi Penyakit Cendawan Penting pada Tanaman Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa) di Kabupaten Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Get PDFIdentification of Important Fungal Diseases of Strawberry in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
One of the main constraint of strawberry cultivation in Indonesia is the presence of many diseases. This research is a continuation of a report on important diseases in strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa) in Purbalingga District, Central Java to study the important fungal diseases in other parts of strawberry plant. Samples of leaves or symptomatic plant parts were identified morphologically or molecularly if morphological identification was not feasible. Confirmation of fungal disease symptoms was carried out using Koch’s Postulate by inoculating pathogenic fungal isolates on healthy strawberry plants. The results showed that the important diseases in strawberry plants were leaf blight caused by Phomopsis sp. and Pestalotia sp.; leaf scorch caused by Curvularia sp. and Diplocarpon sp.; leaf spot caused by Cercospora sp., Phoma sp., and Gnomonia sp.; and strawberry wilt caused by Verticillium sp. and Fusarium sp. In addition to a report on important diseases of strawberry plants, this is also the first report of Gnomonia spot disease on strawberry plants in Indonesia.Salah satu kendala utama dalam budi daya tanaman stroberi di Indonesia adalah banyaknya penyakit tanaman. Penelitian ini merupakan lanjutan dari laporan tentang penyakit penting pada buah stroberi (Fragaria ananassa) di Kabupaten Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit oleh cendawan pada bagian tanaman selain buah. Sampel berupa daun atau tanaman bergejala, diidentifikasi secara morfologi atau molekuler apabila identifikasi morfologi tidak memungkinkan. Konfirmasi gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cendawan dilakukan dengan mengikuti postulat Koch, yaitu menginokulasikan cendawan patogen hasil isolasi pada tanaman stroberi sehat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit penting yang disebabkan oleh cendawan pada tanaman stroberi adalah penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh Phomopsis sp. dan Pestalotia sp.; penyakit gosong daun yang disebabkan oleh Curvularia sp. dan Diplocarpon sp.; penyakit bercak daun yang disebabkan oleh Cercospora sp., Phoma sp., dan Gnomonia sp.; serta penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh Verticillium sp. dan Fusarium sp. Selain laporan tentang penyakit penting tanaman stroberi, ini juga merupakan laporan pertama tentang penyakit bercak Gnomonia pada tanaman stroberi di Indonesia
Potensi Bakteri Filosfer pada Daun Kubis untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Busuk Lunak oleh Pectobacterium carotovorum pada Sawi Putih
Get PDFBusuk lunak yang disebabkan oleh Pectobacterium carotovorum (Syn. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman sawi putih. Bakteri ini menghasilkan enzim pektinase yang dapat menguraikan pektin pada dinding sel tanaman bagian lamela tengah. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian penyakit busuk lunak ialah menggunakan agens biokontrol dari filosfer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyeleksi dan menguji bakteri filosfer dari daun kubis yang berpotensi menghambat penyakit busuk lunak P. carotovorum pada sawi putih. Bakteri filosfer diisolasi dari wilayah Cianjur, Tegal, dan Bogor. Bakteri filosfer diuji keamanan hayati berdasarkan pada reaksi hipersensitivitas dan kemampuan lisis pada agar-agar darah, serta diuji kemampuan penghambatannya terhadap P. carotovorum berdasarkan pada uji antagonis secara in vitro dan uji penghambatan penyakit secara in vivo. Bakteri filosfer dikarakterisasi berdasarkan pada morfologi koloni dan sifat Gram. Dua galur bakteri filosfer paling berpotensi mengendalikan penyakit busuk lunak pada sawi putih diidentifikasi sebagai Chryseobacterium sp.The Potentials of Cabbage Phyllospheric Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum on Chinese Cabbage
Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum (Syn. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) is one of the important diseases on chinese cabbage. The bacteria produce pectinase enzyme which decompose pectin on the central lamella of plant cell wall. The infected chinese cabbage become rotted, watery, and slimy. One of the alternatives controls to overcome the disease is the application of biocontrol agent isolated from the phyllosphere of chinese cabbage. This study aimes to evaluate and to select the potential phyllospheric bacteria from cabbage as biocontrol agents of soft rot disease caused by P. carotovorum on Chinese cabbage. The phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from Cianjur, Tegal, and Bogor Districts. Phyllosphere bacteria were tested for their safety by the hypersensitive reaction and hemolysis type on blood agar. They were tested for their inhibition capability to the growth of P. carotovorum in vitro and to control the soft rot disease in vivo. Two isolates with potential control activity to the soft rot disease in chinese cabbage are TG11 and TG20. Based on the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, isolates TG11 and TG 12 were identified as Chryseobacterium sp
Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Rhizoctonia solani dan Penekanan Serangannya pada Perkecambahan Tanaman Padi oleh Bakteri Endofit Padi
Get PDFGrowth Inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani and Its Infection Inhibition on the Rice Seedling by Rice Endophytic Bacteria
Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important pathogens in rice plants that can cause blight on seeds, leaves, and leaf sheaths. This rice sheath blight is a serious problem in many rice growing countries, including Indonesia. Controls that rely on the use of synthetic pesticides and resistant varieties often cause new problems, both environmental pollution and the emergence of resistant pathogen populations, so that safer and more environmentally friendly controls are still needed. This study reported the potential of endophytic bacteria from healthy rice plants in inhibiting the growth of R. solani in vitro and their ability to suppress R. solani infection in rice germination. The experiment used a dual culture method between endophytic bacterial strains and R. solani. Observations were made on the growth of R. solani colonies and microscopic mycelium growth. The test was continued by treating the rice seeds using endophytic bacteria. Rice seeds that have been coated with endophytic bacteria were then grown on potato dextrose agar medium that has been overgrown with R. solani. The level of disease blight in seeds showed that almost all of the bacterial strains tested could inhibit the growth of R. solani colonies and also cause malformations in their mycelium. The application of endophytic bacteria to rice seeds also significantly reduced the infection rate of R. solani in rice seeds. Among the bacteria tested, OS7 has the potential to be developed as a biological control agent for rice sheath blight caused by R. solani. Further research on the greenhouse and field scale needs to be done.Rhizoctonia solani merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada tanaman padi yang dapat menyebabkan hawar pada benih, daun, dan pelepah daun. Penyakit hawar pelepah ini menjadi masalah yang cukup serius di berbagai negara penanam padi, termasuk Indonesia. Pengendalian yang mengandalkan penggunaan pestisida sintetis dan varietas tahan sering kali menimbulkan permasalahan baru baik pencemaran lingkungan maupun munculnya populasi patogen resisten sehingga masih diperlukan pengendalian yang lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini melaporkan potensi bakteri endofit asal tanaman padi sehat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan R. solani secara in vitro dan kemampunnya dalam menekan infeksi R. solani pada perkecambahan padi. Percobaan menggunakan metode kultur ganda antara galur-galur bakteri endofit dan R. solani. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan koloni R. solani dan pertumbuhan miselium secara mikroskopis. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan memperlakukan benih padi menggunakan bakteri endofit. Benih padi yang telah dilapisi dengan bakteri endofit kemudian ditumbuhkan pada medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang yang telah ditumbuhi R. solani. Tingkat gangguan penyakit hawar pada benih menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua galur bakteri yang diuji dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni R. solani dan juga menyebabkan malformasi pada miseliumnya. Aplikasi bakteri endofit pada benih padi juga secara nyata menurunkan tingkat infeksi R. solani pada benih padi. Di antara bakteri yang diuji, OS7 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh R. solani. Penelitian dalam skala rumah kaca dan skala lapangan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut