Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Incidence and Molecular-Based Identification of Papaya ringspot virus Infecting Papaya in Java
Get PDFInfeksi Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) di Indonesia pertama kali dilaporkan pada pepaya di Nangroe Aceh Darussalam pada tahun 2012. Sejak itu, PRSV atau penyakit bercak bercincin pada pepaya menyebar ke beberapa daerah di Jawa, Sumatera, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengonfirmasi keberadaan PRSV di beberapa daerah penanaman pepaya di Jawa dan mengetahui identitas molekulernya. Metode double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) dengan antiserum spesifik PRSV digunakan untuk mendeteksi sampel dari lapangan. Insidensi PRSV hasil deteksi DAS-ELISA di Bogor, Purworejo, Kebumen, dan Bantul berturut-turut sebesar 59.1%, 51.4%, 84.2%, dan 96.2%. Identifikasi lebih lanjut dilakukan dengan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction menggunakan primer spesifik (PRSV326/PRSV800), dilanjutkan dengan sikuensing DNA. Fragmen DNA berukuran 475 pb berhasil diamplifikasi dari sampel lapangan dan analisis nukleotida menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel terkonfirmasi PRSV dengan homologi antarisolat berkisar antara 95.4% sampai 99.4%. Analisis filogenetika menunjukkan bahwa isolat-isolat PRSV di Jawa berada dalam satu grup yang sama dengan isolat PRSV-P pepaya dari Thailand.Incidence and Molecular-Based Identification of Papaya ringspot virus Infecting Papaya in Java
Infection of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in Indonesia was first reported in papaya in Nangroe Aceh Darussalam. Since then, ring spot disease in papaya has spread to several areas in Java, Sumatra, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara. This study was conducted to confirm the presence of PRSV in several papaya growing areas in Java and to characterize its molecular identity. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) method using PRSV-specific antiserum was carried out to detect PRSV infection from field samples. The incidence of ring spot disease based on DAS-ELISA in Bogor, Purworejo, Kebumen, and Bantul was 59.1%, 51.4%, 84.2%, and 96.2%, respectively. Further identification was done by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using specific primers (PRSV326/PRSV800), followed by DNA sequencing. DNA fragment of 475 bp was successfully amplified from field samples and nucleotide analysis showed that all samples confirmed as PRSV with homology between isolates ranging from 95.4% to 99.4%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PRSV isolates from Java belongs to the same group with PRSV-P isolate from Thailand
Screening for Resistance of Tomato Lines Against Tomato chlorosis crinivirus
Get PDFTomato chlorosis crinivirus (ToCV) diketahui berasosiasi dengan penyakit kuning pada tanaman tomat. Infeksi Crinivirus menunjukkan peningkatan di beberapa daerah di Jawa Barat saat ini. Tersedianya varietas tomat tahan akan menjadi cara efektif dalam pengelolaan penyakit virus, namun perlu upaya mencari sumber ketahanan tanaman terhadap infeksi virus. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan tingkat ketahanan 12 galur tomat terhadap infeksi ToCV. Tomat uji berumur 14 hari setelah pindah tanam diinokulasi dengan ToCV menggunakan 10 ekor kutukebul (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) viruliferus per tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap peubah penyakit (periode inkubasi, insidensi dan keparahan penyakit, titer virus) dan peubah agronomi (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah dan bobot buah). Rata-rata periode inkubasi berkisar 9.4–13.5 hari, dan insidensi penyakit berkisar 90.9–100%. Gejala visual bervariasi dari klorosis ringan sampai sedang dan daun menggulung ke atas dengan skor keparahan penyakit berkisar 1.0–3.0. Titer virus diukur berdasarkan nilai absorbansi ELISA, yaitu berkisar 0.358–1.122. Secara umum, infeksi ToCV menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman dan menurunkan jumlah daun, menghambat bobot dan jumlah buah berturut-turut sebesar 6.0–37.8%, 8.6–39.5%, 2.7–33.7% dan 7.0–25.5%. Berdasarkan peubah penyakit, respons galur tomat dapat dikategorikan rentan (BISILB#1029A, BISILB#22, dan BISILB#724B), moderat tahan (BISILB#825B, BISILB#60D, BISIKC#402, BISIKC#96D, dan BISILB#40I), dan tahan (BISILB#1372ORA, BISILB#703A, BISILB#703B, dan BISILB#724A). Namun, sifat ketahanan galur tomat tersebut tidak berkorelasi dengan kemampuan produksi tanaman. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan sifat ketahanan pada empat galur tersebut agar lebih adaptif terhadap faktor lingkungan budi daya sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetua varietas tomat unggul tahan ToCV.Screening for Resistance of Tomato Lines Against Tomato chlorosis crinivirus
Infection of Tomato chlorosis crinivirus (ToCV) has been reported involved in yellow disease of tomato. Recently, incidence of Crinivirus is increasing in tomato growing areas in West Java. Growing resistant tomato varieties will be effective for viral disease management, although finding resistance sources is quite a challenge. The aim of the study was to determine the resistance level of 12 tomato lines to ToCV infection. Fourteen days after transplanting, tomato lines were inoculated with ToCV using 10 viruliferous whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). Observations were made on disease variables (incubation period, incidence and severity of disease, virus titer) and agronomic variables (plant height, number of leaves, number and weight of fruits). The average incubation period ranged from 9.4–13.5 days, and disease incidence ranged from 90.9–100%. Visual symptoms varied from mild to moderate chlorosis and leaf curling with disease severity scores ranging from 1.0–3.0. Virus titers were measured based on ELISA’s absorbance values, which ranged from 0.358 to 1.122. In general, ToCV infection inhibited plant growth and decreased leaf number, inhibited fruit weight and number i.e. 6.0–37.8%, 8.6–39.5%, 2.7–33.7%, and 7.0–25.5%, respectively. Based on disease assessement paramaters, responses of tomato lines were categorized as susceptible (BISILB#1029A, BISILB#22, and BISILB#724B), moderate resistant (BISILB#825B, BISILB#60D, BISIKC#402, BISIKC#96D, and BISILB#40I), and resistant (BISILB#1372ORA, BISILB#703A, BISILB#703B, and BISILB#724A). However, the resistance trait showed no correlation with tomato yield. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the trait of four resistant genotype so that is more adaptive to cultivation environmental factors and can be utilized as the parent of elite ToCV-resistant tomato variety
Meloidogyne spp. as The Causal Agent of Root Knot on Celery in Landasan Ulin Utara, Banjarbaru`
Get PDFPenyakit yang disebabkan oleh nematoda puru akar (NPA) merupakan salah satu penyakit pada tanaman seledri di sentra sayuran di Banjarbaru, khususnya Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Utara. Spesies Meloidogyne yang menginfeksi tanaman seledri di lokasi tersebut belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies Meloidogyne secara morfologi dari tanaman seledri yang berasal dari sentra sayuran di Banjarbaru. Pengambilan sampel tanaman seledri yang terinfeksi NPA dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling pada tiga lokasi di Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Utara, yaitu Desa Kurnia, Desa Sukamara, dan Desa Sukamaju Ujung. Berdasarkan karakter pola perineal diidentifikasi tiga spesies nematoda, yaitu Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, dan M. javanica.Meloidogyne spp. as The Causal Agent of Root Knot on Celery in Landasan Ulin Utara, Banjarbaru
Root knot disease caused by root knot nematodes (RKN) or Meloidogyne spp. often cause a serious problem for the celery farmers in vegetable centers in the sub-district of Landasan Ulin Utara, Banjarbaru. However, until now there is no report regarding the species of Meloidogyne that causes this disease in the Landasan Ulin Utara. This study aimed to identify the species of Meloidogyne on celery through the morphological observation of the perineal pattern of female RKN. Celery plants infected by Meloidogyne spp. were taken by a purposive method based on the typical root symptoms from three locations in sub-district of Landasan Ulin Utara namely Kurnia, Sukamara, and Sukamaju Ujung villages. Based on the characters of perineal pattern, three species of nematodes was identified, i.e. Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica were found in those three sampling sites
Asap Cair untuk Pengendalian Bulkholderia glumae dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Benih Padi
Get PDFLiquid smoke to Control Bulkholderia glumae and Growth Promoter of Rice Seeds
Bacterial grain rot disease caused by Bulkholderia glumae is an important disease that can be transmitted through rice seeds. Various bacterial grain rot disease control techniques have been developed to prevent crop loss, one of which is liquid smoke. Liquid smoke has been widely studied as an agent for controlling various plant diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the potential of liquid smoke to control bacterial grain rot disease caused by B. glumae and to promote the growth of rice seedlings. Research was conducted in some stages, included: potential test of liquid smoke against B. glumae, phytotoxicity test of liquid smoke and its effect on rice seed growth; and test the effectiveness of liquid smoke in suppressing B. glumae on infected seeds. The results showed that liquid smoke with a concentration of 2% could suppress the development of B. glumae in vitro and did not cause phytotoxicity in rice seeds with a vigor index of 90% and germination of 90% compared to controls with a vigor index value and germination value of 76% and 83%. Liquid smoke with a concentration of 2% can also reduce the severity of disease in the nursery phase with a relative inhibition level of 43.8%. The value of the length of the plumule of rice seedlings in the 2% liquid smoke treatment was 5.87 cm. The plumule value was greater than the control which was only 5.22 cm. In contrast to the plumula, the value of radicular length did not increase significantly compared to the control.Penyakit busuk bulir padi yang disebabkan oleh Bulkholderia glumae merupakan penyakit penting yang dapat ditularkan melalui benih padi. Berbagai teknik pengendalian penyakit busuk bulir padi telah dikembangkan untuk mencegah kehilangan hasil panen, salah satunya menggunakan asap cair. Asap cair banyak dikaji sebagai agens pengendalian berbagai penyakit tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan potensi asap cair untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk bulir padi yang disebabkan oleh B. glumae dan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan bibit padi. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas: uji potensi asap cair terhadap B. glumae, uji fitotoksisitas asap cair dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan benih padi, serta uji keefektifan asap cair dalam menekan B. glumae pada benih terinfeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair dengan konsentrasi 2% dapat menekan perkembangan B. glumae secara in-vitro dan tidak menyebabkan fitotoksisitas pada benih padi dengan indeks vigor 90% dan daya berkecambah 90% dibandingkan dengan kontrol dengan nilai indeks vigor dan daya berkecambah sebesar 76% dan 83%. Asap cair dengan konsentrasi 2% juga dapat menekan keparahan penyakit pada fase pembibitan dengan tingkat hambatan relatif 43.8%. Adapun nilai panjang plumula bibit padi pada perlakuan asap cair 2% ialah sebesar 5.87 cm. Nilai plumula tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang hanya sebesar 5.22 cm. Berbeda dengan plumula, nilai panjang radikula tidak mengalami peningkatan signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol
Molecular Identification of DNA Satellite Associated with Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus infecting Yardlong Bean in Yogyakarta
No full textGejala mosaik kuning dan keriting daun ditemukan pada pertanaman kacang panjang di Sleman, Yogyakarta. Begomovirus diketahui sebagai salah satu penyebab penyakit tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies Begomovirus dan DNA satelit yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit mosaik kuning kacang panjang. Ekstraksi DNA total dari tanaman bergejala dilanjutkan dengan amplifikasi fragmen DNA spesifik Begomovirus dan Betasatelit. Amplikon DNA berukuran ±1500 pb dan ±1300 pb berhasil diperoleh menggunakan berturut-turut primer universal Begomovirus dan primer spesifik Betasatelit. Analisis sekuen nukleotida mengonfirmasi identitas Begomovirus yang menginfeksi tanaman kacang panjang ialah Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) dengan homologi 99% terhadap isolat MYMIV asal Indonesia. DNA satelit yang berasosiasi dengan MYMIV menunjukkan karakteristik Betasatelit, yaitu memiliki satellite common region (SCR) dengan struktur stem-loop dan sekuen TAATATTAC pada bagian loop, adenine rich region sebesar 54.96%, dan ORF (open reading frame) non-coding. Lebih lanjut, analisis rekombinasi menggunakan SimPlot mengindikasikan bahwa satelit non-coding MYMIV merupakan satelit rekombinan antara Betasatelit dan DNA-B Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV). Artikel ini merupakan laporan pertama asosiasi betasatelit DNA non-coding dengan MYMIV di Indonesia.Molecular Identification of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus and Its Betasatellite Associated with Yellow Mosaic on Yardlong Bean in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Yellow mosaic and leaf curl symptoms was observed in yard long baen cultivation in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Begomovirus is known as one of the causal agent of this disease. Research was conducted to identify species of Begomovirus and the associated DNA satellites from yellow mosaic disease of yard long bean. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves. DNA amplification was carried out through polymerase chain reaction using universal primer for Begomovirus and specific primer for Betasatellite. DNA fragments of 1500 bp and 1300 bp was successfully amplified which indicated the presence of Begomovirus and DNA satellite in symptomatic leaves, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that Begomovirus infecting yardlong bean has close relationship to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus isolate from Indonesia with 99% homology. DNA satellite associated with MYMIV showed characteristic of Betasatellites, i.e. stem-loop structure in satellite conserve regions (SCR) TAATATTAC sequence in the loop region, adenine rich region (54.96%), and a non-coding ORF (open reading frame). SimPlot analysis suggests that the non-coding satellite associated with MYMIV was a recombinant satellite between betasatellite and DNA-B PepYLCIV (Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus). This study is the first report of the non-coding DNA satellite associated with MYMIV in Indonesia
The Health of Soybean Seeds Produced by Farmer Group in Wonogiri
Get PDFInfeksi cendawan terbawa benih menjadi salah satu kendala yang membatasi produksi kedelai. Studi dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kesehatan benih kedelai hasil produksi petani yang menjadi sumber benih bagi sebagian besar petani di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Percobaan dilakukan mengikuti rancangan faktorial acak lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu asal benih (Desa Genuk, Suru, dan Sumberejo) dan perlakuan benih (dengan disinfektan dan tanpa disinfektan). Metode pengujian benih menggunakan blotter test yang dimodifikasi. Identifikasi cendawan terbawa benih dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih asal Desa Sumberejo memiliki tingkat perkecambahan normal yang memenuhi syarat sebagai sumber benih. Akan tetapi, benih kedelai asal produksi mandiri petani di Wonogiri belum layak dijadikan sebagai sumber benih sehat. Benih asal Desa Suru dan Desa Genuk terinfeksi dan terkontaminasi oleh Aspergillus niger dan A. flavus dengan persentase infeksi rata-rata 90%. Kedua cendawan tersebut mendominasi infeksi dan kontaminasi benih kedelai. Penggunaan disinfektan mampu menekan infeksi dan kontaminasi Aspergillus spp.The Health of Soybean Seeds Produced by Farmer Group in Wonogiri
Seed-borne fungal infection is one of the constraints limiting soybean production. Study was conducted to evaluate the health of soybean seeds produced by farmers and become the main seed source for most farmers in Wonogiri Regency. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, i.e. the origin of the seeds (Genuk, Suru, and Sumberejo Villages) and seed treatment (with and without disinfectant). Seed health testing was conducted using modification of blotter test. Identification of seed-borne fungi was carried out based on morphological characters. The results showed that the seeds from Sumberejo Village had normal germination rates that met the requirements as a seed source. However, soybean seeds produced by the farmers in Wonogiri do not meet the requirements as healthy seeds. Seeds from Suru and Genuk Villages were infected and contaminated by Aspergillus niger and A. flavus with an average infection of 90%. These two fungi dominate the infection and contamination of soybean seeds. The use of disinfectants is able to suppress infection and contamination of Aspergillus spp
Uji Viabilitas dan Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi Isolat Boyolali dan Temanggung Setelah Disimpan Tujuh Belas Tahun dalam Tanah Steril
Get PDFViabilitas dan Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi Asal Boyolali dan Temanggung Setelah Disimpan Tujuh Belas Tahun di Dalam Tanah Steril
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp zingiberi merupakan cendawan penyebab busuk rimpang pada jahe. Patogen ini dapat bertahan di tanah selama bertahun-tahun tanpa tanaman inang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji viabilitas dan virulensi 21 galur F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi setelah disimpan tujuh belas tahun di dalam tanah steril. Variabel yang diamati adalah warna dan diameter koloni, bentuk makrokonidium dan mikrokonidium, waktu pertumbuhan, berat kering miselium, kepadatan konidium, masa inkubasi, luas serangan pada rimpang, selisih bobot basah rimpang, dan indeks sampah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua galur F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi asal Temanggung dan Boyolali yang disimpan di tanah steril selama 17 tahun mampu tumbuh baik pada medium PDA dan mengisi penuh cawan petri antara 11–36 hari. Selain itu, semua galur menyebabkan gejala penyakit pada rimpang jahe var. Gajah. Isolat dengan tingkat virulensi yang rendah ditandai oleh masa inkubasi yang panjang (6–12 hari setelah inokulasi) dan luas area rimpang terserang yang terkecil.Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi is a soil-borne plant pathogen causing rhizome rot on ginger. This pathogen can survive in the soil for several years without a host plant. This study aimed to examine the viability and virulence of 21 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi after being preserved for 17 years in sterile soil. Fungal viability was determined by descriptive method, while the experiment using randomized block design was conducted to examine the virulence of fungal isolates. The treatments consisted of control, 21 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi from Boyolali and Temanggung, each treatment was replicated three times. The variables consisted of colony colors and diameters, macroconidia and microconidia shapes, growth time, dry weight of mycelia, conidia density, incubation period, affected area, rhizome wet weight difference, and waste index. The results showed that all fungal isolates which were stored in sterile soil for 17 years still had the ability to grow well on PDA medium and fill up petri dishes in 11–36 days. Moreover, all the isolates caused infection and disease symptoms development in ginger rhizome var. Gajah. Less virulence isolate was characterized by a long incubation period (6–12 days after inoculation) and smaller affected area of the rhizome
Identifikasi Fitoplasma pada Wortel (Daucus carota L.) dan Wereng yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Kuning di Bogor dan Bandung, Jawa Barat
Get PDFGejala kuning mirip seperti infeksi fitoplasma ditemukan pada pertanaman wortel di Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi fitoplasma pada tanaman wortel dan serangga wereng yang berasosiasi dengan gejala kuning di Bogor dan Bandung. Wereng yang ditemukan pada pertanaman wortel di Bogor terdiri atas 5 spesies wereng daun (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), yaitu Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Orosius argentatus (Evans), Cicadulina bipunctata (Matsumura), Empoascanara indica (Datta), Exitianus indicus (Distant), dan 1 spesies wereng batang (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), yaitu Sogatella furcifera (Horváth). Deteksi fitoplasma pada tanaman dan wereng dilakukan dengan nested-PCR, sikuensing, dan analisis DNA sikuen. Nested-PCR berhasil mengamplifikasi DNA target, yaitu gen 16S rRNA fitoplasma dari tanaman dan wereng. Analisis identitas matriks sikuen fitoplasma asal tanaman wortel di Bogor menunjukkan homologi tertinggi dengan fitoplasma dari grup 16SrII, yaitu Peanut witches’-broom phytoplasma; sedangkan sampel asal Bandung menunjukkan homologi tertinggi dengan fitoplasma dari grup 16SrI, yaitu Ca. Phytoplasma asteris dan Tomato big bud phytoplasma. Analisis identitas matriks sikuen fitoplasma asal wereng di Bogor (B. incisa, S. furcifera) menunjukkan homologi tertinggi dengan fitoplasma dari grup 16SrII, yaitu Cactus witches’-broom phytoplasma; sedangkan fitoplasma asal C. bipunctata dari Bogor menunjukkan homologi tertinggi dengan fitoplasma grup 16SrI, yaitu Ca. Phytoplasma asteris. Tulisan ini merupakan laporan pertama fitoplasma yang menginfeksi tanaman wortel di Bogor dan Bandung.Identification of Phytoplasmas on Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Leafhopper Associated with Yellow Disease in Bogor and Bandung, West Java
Yellow symptoms similar to phytoplasma infection were found in carrot fields in West Java. This study aims to identify phytoplasma from carrot and leafhoppers associated with yellow symptoms in Bogor and Bandung, West Java. Five species of leafhoppers, i.e. Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Orosius argentatus (Evans), Cicadulina bipunctata (Matsumura), Empoascanara indica (Datta), Exitianus indicus (Distant), and 1 species of planthopper, i.e. Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) were found in carrot plants in Bogor. Phytoplasma detection in plants and insects was carried out by nested-PCR, sequencing, and DNA sequencing analysis. Nested-PCR successfully amplified target DNA, i.e. 16S rRNA phytoplasma gene from plants and insects. Sequence analysis based on identity matrix showed the highest homology of samples from Bogor with the phytoplasma from the 16SrII group, i.e. Peanut witches’-broom phytoplasma; while the sample from Bandung showed the highest homology with the phytoplasma of the 16SrI group, i.e. Ca. Phytoplasma asteris and Tomato big bud phytoplasma. Sequence analysis of phytoplasma from B. incisa and S. furcifera showed the highest homology with phytoplasma from the 16SrII group, i.e. Cactus witches’-broom phytoplasma; while the phytoplasma from C. bipunctata showed the highest homology with the 16SrI group of phytoplasma, i.e. Ca. Phytoplasma asteris. This paper is the first report of phytoplasma infecting carrots in Bogor and Bandung, West Java
Pythium ultimum and Phytopythium vexans, the Potential Pathogen Isolated from Potato Rhizosphere in Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFPhytophthora dan Pythium merupakan kelompok Oomycetes yang banyak berasosiasi dengan penyakit pada tanaman kentang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Oomycetes yang berasosiasi dengan rizosfer kentang yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit hawar daun. Empat isolat berhasil dikoleksi dari empat wilayah sentra pertanaman kentang di Jawa Tengah (isolat UGM_St_TM, UGM_St_BK , UGM_St_BNJ , dan UGM_St_KJ berturut-turut dari Temanggung, Bakal, Banjarnegara dan Kejajar) dan satu isolat UGM_St_NG koleksi dari Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan. Identifikasi molekuler dari semua isolat dilakukan menggunakan penanda gen internal transscribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4), Nuclear large-ribosomal subunit (LSU), dan cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COX1). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, isolat UGM_St_TM, UGM_St_BK, dan UGM_St_BNJ teridentifikasi sebagai Phythium ultimum sedangkan isolat UGM_St_KJ dan UGM_St_NG teridentifikasi sebagai Phytopythium vexans.Phytophthora and Pythium are a group of Oomycetes that are widely associated with diseases in potato plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the Oomycetes associated with the rhizosphere of infected potato plants showing leaf blight. Four isolates were collected from four regions in Central Java (UGM_St_TM, UGM_St_BK, UGM_St_BNJ, and UGM_St_KJ, the isolate from Temanggung, Bakal, Banjarnegara, Kejajar respectively), and UGM_St_NG isolate as culture collection from Laboratory of Plant Pathology. Molecular identification of all isolates was carried out using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4), nuclear large-ribosomal subunit (LSU), and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene markers. Based on the results, the isolates UGM_St_TM, UGM_St_BK, and UGM_St_BNJ were identified as Phythium ultimum while UGM_St_KJ and UGM_St_NG isolate were identified as Phytopythium vexans. 
Diagnosis Penyakit Busuk Umbi Talas: Studi Kasus Maybrat - Papua Barat
Get PDFTalas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) merupakan tanaman herba yang telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan di beberapa wilayah di dunia. Tanaman ini dipercaya berasal dari Asia Tenggara (Lebot et al. 2010). Di Maybrat, Papua Barat talas telah dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman bahan pangan pokok utama sejak dahulu oleh masyrakat lokal dan disebut dengan nama ‘Wiah atau Awiah’. Hingga awal tahun 2013, belum terdapat laporan yang memadai terkait serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman talas di daerah ini. Namun, pada pertengahan tahun 2013 petani setempat melaporkan adanya epidemi penyakit busuk umbi talas di pertanamannya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk membuktikan penyebab penyakit busuk umbi talas di Maybrat. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vivo dan in planta pada umbi dan tanaman talas. Dari 38 isolat cendawan yang diisolasi, 50% bersifat patogen. Tiga isolat yang terpilih (Y1, YP1, dan S4) mampu menyebabkan pembusukan jaringan umbi secara in vivo dan kerusakan akar secara in planta. Uji in planta menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi gabungan dua isolat dari ketiganya mampu menyebabkan kerusakan akar yang berat. Secara morfologi, isolat YP1 dan S4 diidentifikasi sebagai Fusarium oxysporum dan Y1 merupakan F. solani. Ini merupakan laporan yang pertama tentang penyakit busuk umbi talas dari Maybrat, Papua Barat.Diagnosis of Corm Rot Disease of Taro: Case Study at Maybrat - West Papua
Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is a herbaceous plant that has been used as food crop in some countries. It is believed that taro has originated from Southeast Asia (Lebot et al. 2010). In Maybrat, West Papua taro was used as a primary important staple food crop for ages by local tribes, and it is called Awiah or Wiah in this area. Until 2013, there is no proper pests and diseases problem reported in this area, but, in the middle of 2013 the local farmers reported an epidemic of corm rot disease on their taro crops. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of corm rot disease of taro in Maybrat. For disease diagnosis, pathogen isolation was carried out on samples of rotted corm collected from local farmers in Maybrat and followed by Koch Postulate. The assay was carried out in vivo and in planta to identify the corm rot pathogen. Out of 38 fungi isolated from the diseased corms, 50% of these were pathogenic. Three isolates called Y1, YP1, and S4 were able to cause corm rotting in vivo and root damage in planta. In planta assay showed that, combination of these isolates could cause severely root damage. Morphologically, isolate YP1 and S4 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, while isolate Y1 was comfirmed genetically as F. solani. This is the first report of taro corm rot disease from Maybrat, West Papua