Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology
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Effect of pre-sowing magnetic treatment of seeds with bio- and mineral fertilization on the soybean cultivated in a saline calcareous soil
Full text linkBio-farming is an eco-friendly advance that minimizes the required chemical additives for optimizing the quality of crops that their storage is often accompanied by seeds’ components degradation. Magnetic treatment of seed was considered as a promising tool improves germination and growth. This study aims to evaluate the effect of individual and combined application of bio-fertilizers and the N-P-K mineral fertilizers preceded by magnetic treatment of dry and/or water-soaked seeds before sowing on the yield and quality of soybean cultivated in a saline soil.The field experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design with triplicates. The main two factors (F1) were not bio-fertilized and bio-fertilized plots. The sub-factors (F2) were three application rates (A: 50%, B: 75%, and C: 100%) of recommended doses of the three N, P, K fertilizers. The sub-sub factors (F3) were seeds not magnetically treated (NM) and magnetically treated (M). All factors were studied for dry soybean seeds (without soaking) and soaked seeds in magnetically treated water. After harvesting, soil and plant samples were analyzed. The most significant increase in the soybean seed yield (kg ha-1) was by 49.98% for the bio-fertilized magnetized dry seeds at 75% and 100% mineral N-P-K fertilization compared with the NM soaked seeds at 50% N-P-K (A rate) without bio-fertilization. The 75% mineral fertilization significantly increased the protein (%) by 41.69% and decreased the proline (mg g-1dw) by 46.68%. Magnetic treatment of seeds before cultivation and combined bio/mineral N-P-K fertilization reduced the Proline that alleviats the stress conditions
Comparison of land suitability class for endemic Coffea liberica Pinogu HP. acquired using different methods and recommendations for land management in Pinogu Plateau, Bone Bolango Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkCoffee is a national strategic commodity that contributes to Indonesia’s foreign exchange, but its productivity remains low due to cultivation on low potential land. This study aimed to determine the land suitability of endemic liberica coffee using two different methods and formulate recommendations for land management in Pinogu Plateau. Thirteen land units were surveyed, and soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to identify the land characteristics. Land suitability classes (LSCs) were compared by limiting factor and parametric methods. Analysis using the limiting factor method showed that the actual LSCs for liberica coffee consisted of moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) classes. Efforts for improvement could increase the potential of LSC to became very suitable (S1) and S2 classes. Meanwhile, the assessment with the parametric method indicated that the LSC consisted of S1, S2, and S3 classes. These results revealed that the parametric method provides more realistic land characteristics than the limiting factor method. Land management II or the land that had a little limiting factor turned out to be more dominant with the recommendation of adding P and organic fertilizer
Spore reproduction, glomalin content, and maize growth on mycorrhizal pot culture using acid mineral soil-based media
Full text linkArbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is known as multifunctional fungi for plant helpers under adverse conditions. However, studies that focused on the production strategy of AM biofertilizers with specific targets related to the soil limitations are limited. This study aimed to examine AM inocula from several sources using various compositions of acid mineral soil-based media and maize hosts in pot cultures to obtain effective AM inocula to handle the phosphor (P) limitations in acid mineral soils. Zeolite and Inceptisols were used as comparing media. The study utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely C = media composition (C0: zeolite; C1: representative media of Alfisols; C2: typical media of a mixture of Alfisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols; C3: typical media with the addition of Bio-RP nutrition; C4: Inceptisols) and I = AM inoculum source (I0: without inoculum; I1: inoculum from Alfisols; I2: mixed inoculum from Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols; I3: mixed inoculum from eight soil types), and six replications per treatment combination. The AM cultures on acid mineral soil-based media, which yielded the highest mycorrhizal infection, spore reproduction, and glomalin content, were C1I2 and C3I2, while the highest maize growth and P concentration were obtained with C1I1, CII2, C2I1, and C3I2. Compared to all the treatments, C1I1 and C1I2 are the superior AM cultures. Further study is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of AM cultures
Classification of potential landslides using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission imagery in the Tulis Watershed, Indonesia
Full text linkTulis is one of the watersheds in the Mrica Reservoir Catchment Area in Indonesia. The Tulis Watershed has an area of 12,750 ha, which is dominated by hilly areas with areas below alluvial-colluvial. This study aimed to map the potential distribution of the landslides in the Tulis Watershed. As the Tulis Watershed has the potential for landslides, this study was conducted by using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) imagery year 2016. This study considered five aspects that affect landslides, namely: geological type, soil regolith depth, fault, slope, and soil texture. Areas in the Tulis Watershed were classified into five levels of landslide potential The following landslide classes and the area they cover were predicted after applying the formula: very low (0%), low (48%, 6,126 ha), moderate (51%, 6,548 ha), high (0.5%, 63 ha), and very high (0.1%, 13 ha). From the results of the level of potential landslides, several prevention and mitigation measures are recommended according to the level. For shallow landslide levels, it is recommended that relocation centers should be set up. In contrast, for those areas with very high landslide potential, it is necessary to mitigate and install Early Warning System (EWS) tools and prepare the community for adaptation
Phenological and yield components response of major exotic maize varieties to different levels of soil bulk densities
Full text linkMaize is the second staple food and a major cereal crop in Pakistan, but its actual yield is 25-30% less than the potential because of high soil bulk densities. Three exotic maize varieties (Baber, Pioneer-30P45, and Syngenta-6621) were evaluated under the three different soil bulk densities of 1.00 - 1.30, 1.30 - 1.60, and 1.60- 1.90 g.cm-3. Nine treatments were replicated three times, making 27 pots experiments under complete randomized design were tested. Results showed that bulk density significantly (α < 0.05) affected all the parameters of the crops except the number of days to emergence. The fewest number of days to emergence (8.4), tasseling (60.9), silking (66.9), maturity (91.9), leaves per plant (6.3), as well as the lowest shoot thickness (0.49 cm) were obtained under the 1.00 - 1.30 g.cm-3 density. This density also produced the tallest plants (174.7 cm), highest stover (5938.7 kg ha-1), grain yields (1551 kg ha-1), and harvest index (21.9 %). Conversely, most days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity occurred at the bulk density of 1.60 - 1.90 g.cm-3, which also produced the shortest plants and the lowest grain stover and grain yields as well as the harvest index. It was concluded that increasing bulk density levels increase the number of days to tasseling, silking, maturity, and leaves per plant and shoot thickness. Syngenta 6621 was found late in maturity among the hybrids but produced superior stover and grain yields
Mounding technique improves physiological performance and yield of oil palm on Spodosols
Full text linkSpodosols have been widely used for oil palm plantations, specifically in Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, they are sub-optimal for agriculture due to a lack of water and nutrient-holding capacity and a spodic layer that limits plant root development. Therefore, proper agriculture practices are needed for oil palm to enhance its potential yield. This study aims to determine the effect of the mounding technique on the physiological performance and yield of oil palms in spodosol. The study location was well-managed, with eight blocks of oil palm plantations planted in 2008 on spodosols (Typic Haplohumod) in Central Kalimantan. The mounding technique was applied to four blocks of oil palm planted in 2015, while the remaining four were left without mounding. The parameters observed were soil moisture, transpiration, number of bunches, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that the average moisture in the mounded soil was 4% greater than the control. Additionally, the average daily transpiration of oil palm with the mounding was up to 2.30 mm day-1 or three times higher than the control. The implication was that the average yield of oil palm increased from approximately 1.84 to 3.71 tons ha-1 year-1 compared to no-mounding treatments. Furthermore, the average yield was 19-66% higher than the block without the mounding application
Soil carbon mineralization affected by hot water and ultrasound pretreatment
Full text linkPaddy soil has attracted several studies; however, the effects of pretreatment on soil carbon mineralization remain unclear. This study aimed at validating the effects of soil pretreatment by performing anaerobic incubation of 15 soil samples before treating at room temperature water boiling at 80°C or ultrasound assist at 37Hz and combining (hereafter are control, hot water, ultrasound, mixed hot water, and mixed ultrasound treatments) conducted with three replications. Results showed that initial extracted carbohydrate and incubation extracted carbohydrate (Ini-ECH and Incu-ECH) ranged from 211 to 691 mg kg−1 and 229 to 961 mg kg−1, respectively, and reached the highest values with hot water. control, ultrasound, and mixed ultrasound treatments showed the lowest Ini-ECH (211–269 mg kg−1), while the lowest Incu-ECH was linked to both mixed soil treatments with similar amounts (229–264 mg kg−1). Conversely, soil carbon mineralization (generated extracted carbohydrates during anaerobic incubation, Min-ECH) was similar in control, hot water, and ultrasound treatments (ranged from 271 to 393 mg kg−1) but tended to be a negative value in mixed soil treatments. Therefore, we conclude that hot water and ultrasound pretreatments do not increase soil carbohydrate potential but likely promote carbon decomposition
The influence of water field capacity and fertilizer combinations on tomato under intelligent drip in greenhouse
Full text linkTomato production is significant as the demand is increasing in time to meet food security and human nutrition as well. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of water and fertilizer application in greenhouse tomato growth index, yield and quality using an intelligent drip system to achieve improved yield by minimizing the fertigation. A randomized block design was used in ten treatments including control (CK-W4N4,K4) consisting four level (W1-65%, W2-75%, W3-85%, W4-100%) each of water field capacity and four-level Urea-Potash (N1,K1-245,490, N2,K2-350,700, N3,K3-455,910, N4,K4-80,100 kg ha-1) combinations. Data obtained were analyzed by a general linear model and developed a regression model for yield. The results showed, the highest tomato yield was 103.16 t ha-1 in T8-W3N2K1 significantly influenced by the treatment, which is found 2% greater compared to the CK (100.92 t ha-1). The highest leaf area index (5.21) was obtained with T7-W3N1K3 produced improved yield. The highest fruit weight (288.77 g fruit-1) and fruit diameter (85.33 mm) obtained with T2-W1N2K2 had no significant influence on tomato yield. The model delivered a paramount prediction (r2 = 0.82) of tomato yield. In conclusion, results showed the intelligent drip system could be used to minimize inputs to improve tomato production
An integrated approach of GIS-AHP-MCE methods for the selection of suitable sites for the shrimp farming and mangrove development- A case study of the coastal area of Vietnam
Full text linkThis study was conducted to identify suitable sites for shrimp farming combined with the mangrove development (SFM) in the coastal area of central Vietnam. An integrated approach using GIS with weighted Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted for the selection of sites. In this study, fifteen sub-criteria belonging to three main criteria (geographical conditions, water quality and infrastructure availability) were selected as evaluation parameters in the GIS model. The study indicated that the geographical factors are the most important for the SFM development with 0.44 weight. However, the availability of such areas is limited. Results of the integrated study indicated that SFM area for development is highly suitable: 1127.82 ha (15.57%), moderately suitable: 2056.87 ha (28.4%), marginally suitable: 2835.52 ha (39.16 %) and not suitable: 3204.36 ha (17.0 %) in the Hau basin, Vietnam. In this study, we have also used GIS-AHP-MCE methods for developing organic shrimp farming and mangrove rehabilitation
Differential response to acidic pH in rice seedlings
Full text linkAcidic soil is a serious harmful problem for rice crop productivity. Approximately 50% of the world’s potentially arable soils are acidic, whereas in North East (NE) India 80% of arable soils are effected. In nature, it exists synergistically with other metal stresses. Hence most of the studies to date were performed in combinations. This paper highlights the detrimental effect of acidity on plants to differentiate between the effect of acidity on plant growth to that of stress in combinations. We depict it through a cascade of morphological and physiological assays, including growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and photosynthesis-related parameters under acidic and non-acidic rhizospheric conditions in rice seedlings of Disang and Joymati. Up to 31% root length reduction was observed in Joymati, and up to 17% reduction in Disang variety; whereas, root-relative water content was observed to reduce by 3% in Disang and 9% was recorded in Joymati cultivars. Overall, we observed limited effect on morphometric parameters like root length, biomass, and chlorophyll content irrespective of variety analyzed. On the contrary, ROS accumulation was observed to be significantly increased; more in Joymati (sensitive variety) when compared to Disang (tolerant variety). Although there was not much decrease in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis was affected immensely as depicted from chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Hence through this study, we hypothesize that the response of plants to acid stress is rather slow