Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology
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Relationship between soil chemical properties and rice yield under multiple stresses in the coastal agricultural land of Pangandaran, Indonesia
Full text linkSeawater intrusion causes salinity and waterlogging in the coastal agricultural land of Pangandaran, Indonesia. Both limiting factors cause a decrease in soil chemical properties. The decline in rice yield occurred due to the low soil chemical properties. The study aims to identify the soil’s chemical properties based on limiting factors and to reveal its relationship with rice productivity in the coastal agricultural land of Pangandaran. Soil sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method, and the samples were analyzed in the laboratory. Various soil properties are grouped into three clusters using hierarchical clustering. The cluster of waterlogging high salinity has very high Na-exchangeable with EC ranging from 0.21 - 4.93 dS m-1, while the other two clusters contain high Na-exchangeable and EC ranging from 0.101 - 0.581 dS m-1. Rice productivity under waterlogging-low salinity is <1 t ha-1, no waterlogging-low salinity is 3.63 t ha-1, and waterlogging-high salinity is 2.48 t ha-1. There are negative correlations between Na-exchangeable, water depth, and duration of waterlogging to rice yield (R2= -0.33; R2= -0.58; R2= -0.90). Multiple stresses cause limiting factors, and low soil chemical properties can inhibit plant development. The presence of waterlogging-low salinity has a strong impact on decreasing rice yield. Finally, our study provides an overview of the coastal agricultural land of Pangandaran based on multiple stresses. Furthermore, improved soil properties are needed with good management techniques to make it suitable for rice cultivation
Biosurfactant-enriched organic fertilizer as a sustainable strategy to reduce chemical inputs and improve maize performance on Ultisols
Full text linkThe increasing demand for maize in Indonesia is challenged by suboptimal productivity on acidic Ultisols, despite high doses of inorganic fertilizers being applied. This study aimed to evaluate soil pH dynamics and maize response to liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) enriched with Sapindus rarak biosurfactants as a substitute for chemical fertilizers. A factorial completely randomized design was used with two factors: inorganic fertilizer (NPK + Urea) doses (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended rate) and biosurfactant concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). Data were analysed using the F-test at a 5% significance level, with LSD tests applied for significant effects. Results showed that soil pH in maize crops decreased over time but remained slightly acidic. Higher NPK doses generally increased soil pH, especially at 45 days after planting (DAP). Biosurfactant-enriched LOF significantly impacted leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), and shoot-root ratio, particularly at 60 DAP. The highest maize yield, reaching 6.60 tons per hectare, was obtained with a combination of 50% of the recommended inorganic fertilizer and 50 mL L⁻¹ of 0.1% biosurfactant-enriched LOF. This yield is comparable to the normal yield obtained by farmers when applying 100% of the recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer. Optimising fertilizer application and planting strategies to effectively manage the shoot-to-root ratio is essential for improving maize productivity and enhancing resource use efficiency. The study highlights the potential to reduce chemical fertilizer use by up to 50%, lowering costs while improving soil pH and root development. It promotes efficient resource use, supports integrated nutrient management using local materials such as Sapindus rarak, and encourages farmer training and sustainable agricultural policies to restore productivity on degraded Ultisols
Tomato yield and soil chemical properties influenced by low–molecular–weight organic acids in calcareous soil
Full text linkCalcareous soils have restrictive characteristics that limit and pose a challenge for crop production; in this environment, plants can exude low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs). This study aimed to verify the influence of exogenously applied LMWOAs in calcareous soils on tomato yield and the chemical characteristics of soil and leachate. Solanum lycopersicum L. seedlings were grown in pots containing calcareous soil in a greenhouse, fertilized by drip irrigation with Steiner nutrient solution in which the treatments 0.1 mM citric acid (CA), 0.1 mM oxalic acid (OA), 0.01 mM salicylic acid (SA) and a control without LMWOAs (T0) were prepared, applied during the whole growth cycle. The experiment was repeated four times, with twenty replicates per treatment, under a completely randomized design. The yield per plant was quantified, while pH and microbial respiration (RMS) were measured in the soil. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), carbonate (CO32–), and bicarbonate (HCO3–) contents were quantified in the leachates. SA application reduced the soil pH (8.75). SA and CA improved the fruit yield per plant by 11% and 33%, respectively (p < 0.05). CA induced a 1.7% reduction in leachate pH (p < 0.05) and a 15.9% increase in HCO3– content (p < 0.05). SA decreased EC and CO32– concentrations by 8.9 and 23.1% (p < 0.05), but increased HCO3– content by 23.1 % (p < 0.05). The use of LMWOAs as a strategy in the management of calcareous soils can promote favorable conditions for tomato yield per plant
Effect of Microbial Fuel Cell, fertilizer, and plant spacing on nitrogen dynamics in paddy soil
Full text linkNitrogen is one of the primary nutrients required for growing rice. Still, the efficiency of urea fertilizer application is very low (20-40%) due to the nitrogen loss process, one of which is denitrification. This study aims to determine the effects of combining Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), plant spacing, and fertilization on nitrogen dynamics in paddy fields. The combination of treatments are expected to reduce the nitrogen loss in paddy fields, and plants can absorb it efficiently. A total of six treatments included Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) (2 levels: without MFC and with MFC), plant spacing (2 levels: conventional spacing 25 cm × 25 cm and jajar legowo spacing 25 cm × 12.5 cm × 50 cm), and fertilization (2 levels: without fertilizer and with 500 kg ha-1 of NPK fertilizer), with three replications for each combination. The observed parameters included total soil nitrogen, nitrate, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll, nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria, and N2O gas emissions. The results showed that combining MFC, conventional spacing, and NPK fertilizer in the paddy fields resulted in a high total soil nitrogen (0.44%). The results showed different effects on total soil nitrogen in the MFC and fertilization treatments, leading to increased nitrate levels, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll. Increasing total soil nitrogen significantly contributes to leaf development and significantly aids photosynthesis. The integration of MFC and fertilization observed in this study resulted in a real impact on nitrogen dynamics in paddy fields. This combined treatment effectively reduces total nitrogen loss due to denitrification in paddy fields, thereby increasing the efficiency of uptake by plants
Effect of soil properties on phosphate desorption from some cultivated soils in arid region
Full text linkKinetics of soil chemical processes is one of the most important areas in environmental chemistry for metals availability in soils and mechanisms of desorption. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrients that control plant growth and crop production. The present study aims to evaluate the influences of soil properties of Alluvial (Typic torrerets) and calcareous (Typic calcids) on the Kinetics of P desorption using batch and anion exchange resin techniques used for P adsorption, which is highly correlated with P uptake by growing plants. Results indicated that P desorption was best described by empirical modified Freundlich (power function) and Elovich equations and, to a lesser degree, by theoretical diffusion and first-order equations. The rate of P desorption from the alluvial soils was positively and highly correlated and largely controlled by clay content (r=0.96**) and surface area (r=0.87**), as indicated by the simple correlation coefficient and R2 in the multiple stepwise regression analysis. These soil properties largely controlled the variations in the kinetic parameters that describe the rate of P desorption and P intensity in the four tested kinetic models. On the other hand, calcium phosphate and active CaCO3 contents in the calcareous soils were negatively correlated. They largely controlled the variations in the rate and intensity parameters of the kinetic models. These results suggest that surface precipitation on the CaCO3 surface controls P desorption in calcareous soils, while reversibly, phosphate adsorption on the clay surface controls P desorption in the alluvial soils, which decreases in both cases, crop production
Seasonal methane emissions and agronomic performance of Indonesia’s high-yielding rice cultivars on the north coastal rice fields of Central Java, Indonesia
Full text linkRice contributes significantly to methane emissions. In the north coastal region of Central Java Island, flooding irrigation for high-yielding rice cultivation is used throughout the rice-producing season to reduce the salinity effect. Information on methane emissions in coastal rice fields, particularly in salt-affected soil, is still limited. This study aimed to measure the methane emissions from different high-yielding rice varieties and examine the association with agronomic performance. The study site was in the Wedung district of Demak Regency, Central Java, and the research was carried out from November 2022 to March 2023. Eight rice cultivars—Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 34, Inpari 35, Biosalin 1, Biosalin 2, Inpari Unsoed 79, and Inpari 30—were investigated. The experiment was designed as a randomized block with four replications. Methane gas samples were collected during the growing season in relation to rice stages. There were substantial differences in methane emissions among the eight rice varieties. Inpari 32, Ciherang, and Biosalin 1 had higher rice yields and lower yield-scale methane emissions than the other five rice varieties. Grain production and effective tiller number were significantly (p<0.01) and inversely linked to methane emissions. We found Inpari 32, Ciherang, and Biosalin 1 to be low-methane and high-yielding rice cultivars in salt-affected soil. These findings suggest that the use of these rice varieties by coastal farmers could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions
Assessing the synergistic effects of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers on rhizosphere properties and yield of maize
Full text linkA single and long-term use of inorganic fertilizers harms soil quality. Therefore, it is highly recommended that inorganic fertilizers be combined with other fertilizers. This study explores the synergistic effect of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers on maize rhizosphere properties and production. Biochar (BC) and compost (OF) were applied as organic sources, a consortium of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was applied as phosphate biofertilizers, while urea and NPK-PONSKA fertilizers (IF) were used as inorganic fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was designed as a completely randomized arrangement involving six treatments in triplicate, namely control (only IF), a combination of IF+BC, IF+PSB, IF+BC+PSB, IF+PSB+OF, and IF+BC+OF+PSB. The best changes in soil microbial and chemical properties, maize root dry weight, and production were observed in the IF+BC+OF+PSB combination, followed by IF+OF+PSB, IF+BC+PSB and (IF+BC; IF+PSB) and control treatment, respectively. A fertilizer combination involving the addition of BC (IF+BC, IF+BC+PSB, IF+BC+OF +PSB) significantly increased soil organic C content and soil pH compared to without biochar (IF+PSB and IF+OF+PSB). A higher root dry weight also results in higher maize production. Maize production Increased in the 4, 3, and 2 combinations compared to production in the control by 43.11%, 31.32-36.55%, and 18.57%-21.34%, respectively. In conclusion, the synergy of biochar, compost, and PSB, when integrated with fertilizer, can improve soil quality and the sustainability of maize production. This study will be useful in developing sustainable nutrient management programs to increase crop productivity with high efficiency in using inorganic fertilizers.Barbarslot adalah salah satu situs resmi slot deposit 5000, 5rb dan depo 5k terbaru dengan beragam permainan terbaik tahun 2025
Assessing irrigation water demand and pumping operations for rice farming in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia
Full text linkOwing to population growth, the rice demand in Indonesia has been increasing, which has led to an increase in rice consumption. One way to boost rice production is to enhance pump irrigation in rainfed fields. The aim of this study is to evaluate irrigation water usage and water pumping practices in the Bengawan Solo River, focusing on enhancing rice production. Data were sourced from governmental entities, which include the Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Water requirement was calculated using the FAO Penman–Monteith equation. The study highlights that throughout the three distinct growing seasons (GS), the water requirements for irrigating rainfed rice fields vary, with the most substantial demand observed during the first growing season (GS I), followed by the third growing season (GS III), and the second growing season (GS II). In dry years, a consistent pattern of low water balances occurs, which persists below 500 mm across all months. Compared with the other two scenarios, the dry year shows higher variability in rainfall, as evidenced by its higher coefficient of variation of 0.620 compared with 0.347 and 0.416 for the wet and normal years, respectively. The electricity cost rate peaks in GS I, trailed by GS II and GS III, with rates of IDR 2,400, 1,180, and 1,028 per kilowatt-hour, respectively. The findings play a pivotal role in shaping regional planning decisions regarding the utilization and necessity of river water resources and the development of cropping calendars
Functional diversity of bacteria in various saline soil plant vegetations around Sialang Buah Coast, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Full text linkEnvironmental conditions profoundly influence microbial diversity and activity in soil. For optimal growth, soil microbes face limiting factors such as temperature, moisture, pH, and salinity levels. This study aims to find types of functional bacteria that are able to live in saline soils. The study was conducted in the Soil Biology Laboratory at Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Indonesia. Soil samples were collected around the Sialang Buah Coast, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The method employed in this research was random composite sampling taken from three vegetation types: mangrove forests, grasslands, and oil palm plantations, with sample collection locations influenced by tidal fluctuations. Ten sampling points were taken at each location and then composited for each vegetation type. The results of the study showed that there were ten species of bacteria that were able to live in saline soil, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia gladioli, Enterobacter cloacae, Brucella ciceri, Ochrobactrum oryzae, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Priestia flexa, Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii, Bacillus cereus and Ochrobactrum oryzae. All bacteria found were able to grow on Pikovskaya, Alexandrov, and Jensen media and only seven species of bacteria were able to form biofilms, namely P. aeruginosa, B. gladioli, E. cloacae, B. ciceri, A. xylosoxidans, P. flexa, and E. quasiroggenkampi
Analysis of rainfall erosivity factor (R) on prediction of erosion yield using USLE and RUSLE Model’s; A case study in Mayang Watershed, Jember Regency, Indonesia
Full text linkThe Rainfall erosivity has a relatively high effect on soil erosion, in addition to being very difficult to predict and control. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model are commonly used to predict erosion yield in Indonesia. However, these models have several erosivity formulations that give different results. In this sense, identifying the sensitivity of different erosivity formulations in both models above is important. The aim of this study is to analyze soil erosion yield prediction influenced by the difference in erosivity equation on the same rainfall data used in the models while other parameters used are the same. The monthly rainfall and annual rainfall data were tested using the erosivity formulas. The (1) Bols and (2) Utomo equations were tested using monthly rainfall data, while the (3) Bols and (4) Hurni equations were tested using annual rainfall data. The results show that the prediction of soil erosion yields estimates using monthly rainfall data in both models have no significant differences. On the other hand, soil erosion estimates using annual rainfall data in the models have significant differences, whereas the USLE model estimation results in 63% erosion yield on low classification (0-15 ton ha-1 year-1). Meanwhile, the RUSLE model estimates only 59% erosion yield on low classifications. Another result is that the USLE model estimates lower erosion yield than the RUSLE model when the models use annual rainfall data, which may give significantly different recommendations for soil conservation in Indonesia, especially in reducing erosion yield at the Watershed level