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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL SUSTAINED IN SITU GELLING SYSTEM OF ROXATIDINE
Full text linkGel dosage forms are successfully used as drug delivery systems to control drug release and protect the medicaments from a hostile environment. The main objective of this present work is to formulate and evaluate in situ gels of roxatidine for the treatment of peptic ulcer. This system utilizes polymers that exhibit sol-to-gel phase transition due to change in specific physico-chemical parameters. In the present work in situ gels have been developed by using gellan gum and sodium alginate based on the concept of ion activated systems. Sol-to-gel transformation occurred in the presence of monovalent/divalent cations. Formulations were evaluated for clarity, drug content, in vitro gelling capacity, determination of pH, in situ release study, viscosity, gel strength, ex vivo gelation and stability study. All the results found to be satisfactory. Experimental part showed that viscosity of sols and gel strength was increased with increase in the concentration of polymers, also drug release gets sustaining. The formulations were therapeutically efficacious, sterile and provided sustained release of the drug over a period of time. These results demonstrated that the developed system is an alternative to conventional drug delivery systems and can improve patient compliance.Key words: In situ gels, Roxatidine, Peptic ulcer
FORMULATION OF FLUCONAZOLE AS TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL GELS BY MICROSPONGE BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Full text linkThe purpose of present work was to formulate Fluconazole loaded microsponge-based topical delivery system for modified release. Microsponges with varied drug–polymer ratios were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique using Ethyl cellulose as release retard material. Prepared microsponges were studied for particle size and physical characterization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the microsponges porous and spherical in shape. The microsponges were then incorporated in carbopol gel and evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro release. The In vitro drug release showed that microsponges with 1:1.5 drug–polymer ratios (F3) were more efficient to give sustained release of 74.2% at the end of 8 hr. All the microsponge gel formulations (i.e.F1- F10) showed better results like pH between 6.5-7.0, viscosity between 25,030-47,390 cps, spreadability 2-4 cm/s and drug content of 76.20±0.02% to 96.41±0.01%. Hence, the fabricated microsponge based formulation of Fluconazole would be anticipation and promising substitute to conventional therapy of skin infections
THE DISSOLUTION AND DIFFUSION OF FUROSEMIDE ON SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS)
Full text linkFurosemide a diuretic exhibits low solubility in water and low bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect SNEDDS formation to dissolution and diffusion of furosemide. SNEDDS was made with a mixture of 66% tween 80, 26% propylene glycol, 8% oleic acid and furosemide 40mg/mL. Test for SNEDDS dissolution of the capsules was developed using USP dissolution apparatus I and compared to market products, furosemide suspenssion and furosemide powder. The medium consists of 900mL of Artificial Gastric Fluid (AGF) , phosphate buffer pH 5.8 at 37±0.5°C and stirred with a speed of 100rpm. Diffusion test of SNEDDS furosemide was conducted by using reversed rat intestinal bowel and compared to furosemide suspension and furosemide solution. The SNEDDS formulation could enhance the dissolution and diffusion of furosemide compared to the non-SNEDDS formulatio
QUALITY OF LIFE ANALYSIS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS USING MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION TREATMENT OF MEDICINE
Full text linkTreatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) can be vary, using monotherapy or combination therapy, and it depends on the severity of the disease. That variation will give influences to the patient’s clinical condition and also their quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study is to determine the average of QoL’s score in DM patients who use monotherapy and combination therapy of antidiabetic oral in Public Health Center of Kotagede 1 Yogyakarta. This study was conducted in a cross sectional study. Subjects were people who had an age above 18, got the diagnose of DM type 2, and also consumed of oral antidiabetic monotherapy or combination. The measurement of QoL is using a DQLCTQ questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia. Analysis statistic with independent sample T-test was used to determine the differences between QoL in patients who use monotherapy and combination. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria are 52 patients. About 82.70% (43 patients) of the patients used combination and the other (9 patients) used monotherapy. The average of QoL in monotherapy patients (78.95±11.36) was higher than in combination therapy’s (75.18±10.57). Result of the analysis statistic showed that there is no significant differences (p0.095) of QoL between monotherapy and combination therapy patients.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION OF LAMIVUDINE BASED ON MICROPOROUS OSMOTIC TABLET TECHNOLOGY USING FRUCTOSE AS OSMOGEN
Full text linkThe present study was undertaken to develop controlled release osmotic pump tablets of lamivudine a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using controlled release polymer hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMCE5 LV), MCC as diluent, starch as binder and fructose as osmogen. The coating solution of core tablets were prepared by using cellulose acetate,poly ethylene glycol 400,600,4000,6000 and acetone to quantity sufficient with sorbitol for different batches. The prepared tablets were evaluated for pre compression parameters, post compression parameters, in vitro drug release study and scanning electron microscopy study. Among the prepared formulations LF4 batch show 97.78% drug release in 12hrs.The in vitro release kinetics were analyzed for different batches by different pharmacokinetic models such as zero order, first order,Higuchi,Korsmeyer Peppas and Hixon Crowell model. Short term stability study at 40±2ºC/75±5% RH for three months on the best formulation was performed showing no significant changes in thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release
Review of Insulin Therapy In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ambulatory Patients
Full text linkThe purposes of this study were to review utilization of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus out patients and identify its drug related problems. The data were collected cross-sectionally with purposive sampling method in the period March 2016 until May 2016 in Outpatient Clinic Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital Surabaya. The results of 240 patients showed that insulin was used as monotherapy insulin in 2,9% patients; combination 1 insulin & 1-4 OAD in 31,3%; basal bolus therapy 27,9%; combination basal−bolus therapy & 1-3 OAD 43,9%. Based on blood glucose target achievement, only 20,8% of patients achieve the target, 75,1% failed to achieve the target and 4,1% suffered from hypoglycemia. Drug related problems identified adverse drug reaction of antidiabetic therapy such as hypoglycemia (6.7%), nausea (3.8%), bloating (1.3%), increase of flatulency (2.9%) and inappropriate combination (0,4%). In conclusion insulin therapy was complicated and individually, most of the patients still did not reach the target and there was potential drug related problem in this patients group. So that caring from solid inter-professional health collaboration is neede
The effect of mengkudu fruit methanolic extract and methanolic residual fraction on GLUT-4 protein elevation
Full text linkInvestigating in the Diabetes Mellitus drug which one having good activity and tolerance to patients are still in researchers’ concern. One of the main topics now days is the use of mengkudu plants as a traditional medicine of Diabetes Mellitus. This research was aimed to determine the increase of GLUT-4 protein in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rats after given methanolic extract and methanolic residual of mengkudu fruit. The male rats were diabetic induced with exogenous i.p. insulin for 10 days. After showing hyperglycemic effect, the rats were given orally methanolic extract and methanolic residual fraction of mengkudu fruit for 4 days. On the fifth day, fasting blood glucose was measured and the rats were sacrificed to take the thigh muscle tissue for immunohistochemical calculation.The result showed that methanolic extract and methanolic residual of mengkudu fruit increase the amount of GLUT-4 protein, but can not reduce fasting blood glucose levels of male white rats.Key words : mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.), methanolic extract and methanolic residual, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, GLUT-4 protei
ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN BLOOD PLASMA OF MICE AFTER INHALATION OF CAJUPUT ESSENTIAL OIL (MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON L.)
Full text link The research is intended for the determination of volatile compounds of cajuput oil (Melaleuca leucadendron L.) in a group of mice (3 mice) after inhaling 1 mL cajuput oil for 1/2, 1 and 2 hour(s). The blood plasma of three mice was collected in heparin tube, and the volatile compounds were isolated and concentrated using C-18 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) column with methanol and bidistilled water mixture (60:40) as the solvent. The analysis was carried out by GC/MS. The results showed that there were 52 compounds in the cajuput oil, especially 1,8-cineole,a-terpineol, b-pinene, a-pinene, b-myrcene, 4-terpineol, linalool, g-terpinene, and terpinolene. The major compound identified in blood plasma of mice was 1,8-cineole. Half an hour after 1 mL inhalation of cajuput oil per mouse, the concentration of 1,8-cineole identified was 41.5 mg/mL, while 1 and 2 hours after 1 mL inhalation of cajuput oil, the level of 1,8-cineole in blood plasma of 3 mice was 646.9 mg/mL and 138.0 mg/mL in blood plasma of each mouse. Other compounds identified were a-terpineol, 4-terpineol linalool, terpenyl acetate and hydrocarbon terpenes. Concentrations of target compounds in the blood plasma were relatively in low level (mg/mL). In conclusion, the volatile compounds of 4-terpineol, linalool, a-terpineol and 1,8-cineol that identified in blood plasma of mice after inhalation of the cajuput oils might correlate with depressive characteristics of essential oil given by inhalation.Keywords: Cajuput, Essential Oils, Inhalation, SPE, GC-MS
The influence of mfp-implant on tissue pertinent changes of wistar rattus-rattus
No full textFluoride for caries prevention if consumes for a long period, it is sometimes made bored. Normally, fluoride intake is uncontrolled and cause fluorosis. Alternatively, implant fluor becomes the controlled method. Te study was aimed to determine the influence of MFP-implant on tissue pertinent changes of Wistar Rattus-rattus. The research subjects were Rattus-rattus mother of 20 rats (2 days pregnant). Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups, namely control (K), implant P1, implant P2 and implant P3. Subcutaneous implantation was done on rat back. On the 8th day, euthanasia was done. Excission was done surround the implant tissue, then blocked and fixed by formalin buffer. The specimen was cut along the implant tissue were examined by light microscope. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic. The result showed that the incision was cured on the 5th – 7th day. Tissue pertinent changes determination showed that there was lipid cell infiltration and relatively thicker of tissue on implant P3 and. there was not any inflammation cell infiltrated and fibrous tissue. In conclusion, the infiltration of lipid cell on implant P3. The implant P2 was fulfilled the requirement of implant devices.Key words : MFP-implant, pertinent changes, ra
Optimization of celery (Apium graveolens L.) herb extract granule production using Fluidized Bed Granulator
No full textCelery is an Indonesian herb being used as vegetable and medicinal purposes especially in hypotensive remedy. In order to produce a good quality of celery herb extract granules, a study on the influence of spray rate, level of lactose and Aerosil in fluidized bed granulator (FBG) toward homogeneity, flow rate and water content of granules was done.In the optimization process was programmed by factorial design, the maximum spray rate was 4 L/hours and the minimum was 2 L/hours, the maximum amount lactose was 100% and the minimum was 80% of extract weight, and Aerosil content maximal 20% and minimal 0% of extract weight. The optimum area of optimization result was found from superimposed contour plot granule parameters including homogeneity of apiin content, flow rate and moisture content of granules.The result showed that the Aerosil was proven to be disadvantageous in FBG process. The optimum area of optimization to obtain good granules was achieved by 2.75 L/hour to 2.00 1/hour of spray rate with the amount of lactose at 93.5% to 100% of extract weight with viscosity at 2.8 cP and density at 1.07g/mL and without Aerosil. The granules possesed homogeneity of apiin with CV 3-5%, 0.85-1.00% of water content and 12.0-13.0 g/sec of flow rate.Key words: Celery (Apium graveolens L.), apiin, factorial design, extract, granules