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Isolation of aphrodisiac active fraction from sanrego bark (Lunasia amara Blanco)
Get PDFSanrego (Lunasia amara Blanco) bark is traditionally utilized as an aphrodisiac although scientifically has yet been proven. Therefore, this study is aimed to prove aphrodisiac activity, determine the compounds and the dose of the active fraction. Initially sanrego bark (600 g) was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with methanol (MeOH) to give MeOH extract (A, 80 g). The MeOH extract was fractionated by Ethylacetate (EtOAc) to give EtOAC soluble (B, relatively non-polar, 15.23 g) and EtOAc insoluble (C, relatively polar, 50.20 g). The aphrodisiac test was performed in male Wistar rats that were divided into 6 groups (5 rats each) [I, treated with Na-CMC 0.5%, 50 mg/kg BW; II, yohimbine, 5 mg/kg BW; III, distilled water , 2 ml/200 g BW; IV, extract A; V, fraction B; VI, fraction C], and the doses given to groups IV-VI were similar (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW). The male’s behaviors to female rats ( introduction, climbing and coitus ) were recorded and analysed at p= 0.5. Determination of the active compounds were performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using various detection reagents. The result indicated that the highest aphrodisiac effect was demonstrated by fraction B, followed by extract A and fraction C . Fraction B demonstrated introduction (84.2%), climbing (84.9%) and coitus (85.2%). TLC profile suggested that fraction B contain alkaloids and terpenoids as the main components.Keywords: Sanrego bark, Lunasia amara, Aphrodisiac, Active fraction
The effect of extract Kaempferia galanga rhizomes on the elimination kinetics of quinidine in rabbits
Get PDFThe research was aimed to observe the effect of the juice of Kaempferia galanga rhizomes on quinidine elimination kinetics in rabbits. The study on interaction of extract Kaempferia galanga rhizomes to quinidine elimination kinetic was conductedly employing a cross randomized design using male rabbits which were divided into 3 groups (6 rabbits for each group). The groups were given a single oral quinidine 30 mg/kg BW as a control group and were conferred single oral extract “kencur” 4.8 mi/kg BW each dose for 4 days prior to the treatment with quinidine. Serial blood samples(0,2 ml) were withdrawn at various interval time via the ear marginal for spectrofluorometric analysis of unchanged quinidine in blood. The concentration of quinidine was determined using a standard curve and the concentration to time data was used to determine quinidine elimination kinetics i.e. Clt and MRT. The results indicated that extract “Kencur” was found to decrease quinidine clearance 17,19% and 7,07% (P>0,05) and increase quinidine MRT198,89% and 71,70% (p>0,05).Key words : Kaempferia galanga rhizomes, quinidine, eliminatio
Camphor, one of the essential oil constituent of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rhizome from medicinal plant garden PT. Nyonya Meneer, Karangjati
Get PDF“Empon-empon” has been used as a raw material in most indonesian traditional medicine. Generally many of the indonesian traditional medicine consist of wild Curcuma species. Quality aspect of indonesian traditional medicine for its development in the future is needed. Consistency of the quality of the raw materials are becoming important to support product quality of traditional medicine. Wild raw materials are usually used as a indonesian traditional medicine, therefore the active substance or a charactistic metabolite in medicinal plant is one of the important thing to be found. Xanthorrhizol is one of the essential oil components of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. It has an affect on bile fluid secretion. Pure Xanthorrhizol as reference substance is still quite expensive. The aim of this research is to find out essential oil components that can be isolated. Steam destillation was used to isolate the essential oil, and the components of the essential oil was separated using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The identification of the isolated essential oil component was done by gas chromatography. Camphora is one of the Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. essential oil that could be isolated in crystallin form.Key words: Camphora; essential oil; Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rox
IDENTIFICATION OF PENTAGAMAVUNON-0 METABOLITE IN FAECES AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF WHITE-MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY-DERIVED RATS
Get PDFThe compound 2,5-bis-(4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxybenzilidin) cyclopentanone or Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) as the new anti-inflamatory drug candidate, is one of curcumin structure modification. Identification of metabolites in faeces could be strengthen the whole information about biotransformation of drug and could be use for studying on PGV-0 metabolites which are excreted through bile. Male Sprague Dawley derived rats were used in all experiments. PGV-0 was given intravenously using dose at 40 mg/kg BB. Then the faeces callected after 24 and 48 hours. The metabolite investigation devided into two parts, etil acetate fraction and water fraction, of faeces. The faeces which is excreted after 24 hours, found was more-polar metabolite according to PGV-0; it has shoft-yellow flourencese and having Rf value = 0,48 on TLC, using silica gel F254 as the stationary phase and etil acetate as the mobile phase. No PGV-0 glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were detectable in faeces, which are excreted on 24 or 48 hours.Key words : Pentagamavunon-0, biotransformation, intravenous, faece
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIFUNGAL (Candida albicans) COMPOUND FROM THE HULL OF DELIMA FRUITS (Punica granatum L.)
Get PDFThe hull of delima fruits (Punica granatum L.) are traditionally used to cure dysmenorhoe. Preliminary study indicated that extract of the hull was able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Therefore this study was aimed to isolate and identify active compounds responsible for the activity from the hull of P. granatum. The study was initiated by extracting the powdered material with petroleum ether followed by methanol. Antifungal activity test (100 mg/ml) indicated that the petroleum ether extract was more active than the methanol extract (inhibition zone: 10.59 vs 6.92 mm). The pet. ether extract was triturated by n-hexane to give n-hexane insoluble and n-hexane soluble fractions. The latter that was active (inh. zone: 9.50 vs 0.00 mm) was fractionated by vacuum liquid colomn chromatography (vlc; SiO2, n-hexane with increasing amount of ethylacetate) to give 7 fractions (F1-F7). Fraction 2 (inh. zone: 9.05 mm) and 3 (11.05 mm) displayed antifungal activity, then F3 was subjected to contact bioautography to give 2 active compounds [Rf. 0.50 (major) and 0.10 (minor)]. Preparative tlc [SiO2 F-254 nm; nhexane: ethylasetate 4-1, developed 2x) of F3 was aimed to separate 2 active compounds. Due to limited amount of the minor compound, the MFC was applied only for the major compound (Rf. 0.50; 200 mg/ml). The structure identification was done by mean of spectroscopic methods (uv, ir, ms and nmr) to be a setrol type of compound having stigmastane skeleton, esterified by a long-chain fatty acid.Keywords: Punica granatum L., Candida albicans, active compound, terpenoi
THE ENFLUENCE OF REPRICIPITATION METHODS PARACETAMOL CRYSTAL USING SOLVENT ETHANOL IN FABRICATION PROCESS ON PHYISICAL PROPERTIES OF TABLET
Get PDFParacetamol is the most material drug used in Indonesia. But it’s difficull in processing of the tablet because of capping tendency. The effect of paracetamol reprecipitation by using etanol solven during fabrication process to physical characteristic of tablets of has been studied, and to know the effect of paracetamol. In this studies made five formulas : paracetamol was sprayed by etanol, paracetamol was added filler then sprayed by etanol, paracetamol was added disintegrant then sprayed by elanol, granulating the paracetamol then was sprayed by etanol and paracetamol was without sprayed by etanol. Results showed that granules had been sprayed by etanol before the granulation have characteristic of flow materials was better, the friability of the granules decreased and compressibility of the granules was better. Hardness of tablets relatively increased, the friability of the tablets relative decreased and the disintegration time of tabltets increased. Generally, reprecipitation of paracetamol during the fabrication process, the physical properties of granuls and tablet were better.Key words : paracetamol, reprecipitation, physical properties of tablet
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP), SUATU SIGNAL PENANDA QUANTITATIF UNTUK MEMONITOR PROLIFERASI SEL
Get PDFBanyak penelitian sel kultur yang melibatkan sejumlah besar sampel untuk dianalisis, baik yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan sel atau toksisitas senyawa terhadap sel. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) adalah suatu protein yang secara alami dapat berfluorescence dan banyak digunakan pada berbagai aplikasi seperti penanda untuk ekspresi gena, produksi heterologous protein atau monitoring efisiensi transfeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat akurasi, taraf kepercayaan dan reprodusibilitas GFP untuk memonitor pertumbuhan sel.Kurva baku dibuat dengan serial dilusi sel CHO-K1-EGFP dalam media 10% FCS di 96 well plate. Jumlah sel dalam tiap sumuran dihubungkan dengan signal fluorescence. Untuk memonitor pertumbuhan sel, signal fluoresensi dibandingkan dengan metode Trypan Blue Exclusion yang jumlah sel dalam tiap sumuran dihitung selama periode waktu tertentu (n=3). Untuk monitoring pertumbuhan sel, signal dari GFP memperlihatkan korelasi yang baik dengan jumlah sel dengan tingkat linieritas 0,9866 dalam kisaran jumlah sel 1250 – 1 x 105 sell/sumuran (standar error maksimum 11%). Metode ini terbukti memungkinkan pengukuran langsung signal fluoresensi sehingga mampu menurunkan kemungkinan kesalahan yang terjadi pada saat preparasi sel yang dapat mempengaruhi akurasi data yang diperoleh. Sekali klones permanen (stable clones) diperoleh klons ini dapat digunakan untuk banyak aplikasi.Kata Kunci: Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), Fluorescence, proliferasi sel, Trypan Blue Exclusio
PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS: AN INVESTIGATION ON PRESCRIPTION LEGALITY IN THE PHARMACIES OF KOTAMADYA YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFA research has been carried out to identify whether prescriptions received in pharmacies at Yogyakarta district fulfilled the legality as the regulation concern. This included an investigation on prescription hand-writing, part of a prescription which has a potential to bring about a medication error due to misinterpretation.The study was conducted by collecting prescription samples, randomly picked-up (=5% and d=3%), from each of 12 pharmacies. Furthermore, other supporting data, such as questioner and interview, were also collected from 29 pharmacies involving 83 respondents (24 pharmacists and 59 technician assistants). Data were then analyzed descriptively.The result showed that prescriptions fulfilled the regulation was approximately 39.8%. The absences of sign or license number of prescriber, the date of prescription were only examples of the cause. Hand-writing of the prescriber was sometime so bad that causing difficulty to interpret especially name of medicine, dose, usage or administration, uncommon abbreviation, hence increasing the risks of medication error to happen.Key word: prescription, legality aspect of prescription, medication erro
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF GEDEBONG BERRIES (Piper aduncum L.)
Get PDFThe distillation of dry powder of gedebong berries (Piper aduncum L.) resulted approximately 1.55% colorless essential oil. GC-MS analyses detected 63 components which consisted of 5.74 % monoterpene, 2.84 % monoterpene alcohol, 14.61 % sesquiterpene alcohol, 56.28 % phenyl propenoid and the other minor components about 20.35 %. Although the minor components were known as antibacterial agents, the overall essential oil did not show their activities againts pathogenic bacteria i.e. Klebseilla sp., Aeromonas hydrophilla, Pseudomonas pseudomalai, Pseudomonas aurogenusa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhosa dan Streptococcus aureus.Keyword : Piper aduncum L., essential oil, antibacterial agen
PHARMACY, PHARMACIST, AND SOCIAL PHARMACY
Get PDFIn order to express more clearly about the role of pharmacist in the health care, a general review of the sources of the pharmacy (pharmacist) has been carried out. Considering the facts and several survey results, Pharmacy/Pharmacist is a typical profession capabler to develop wider in a health care system and that provides more beneficial for community along with the advancement of Social Pharmacy.Key words: Profession, Professional, changing context of Pharmacy, Professionalization