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AKTIVITAS PENGANGKAPAN RADIKAL POLIFENOL DALAM DAUN TEH
Get PDFAbility of free radical scavengers of various tea extracts (black tea, fermented tea; green tea , unfermented tea; oolong dan pouchong tea semifermented tea) was studied. The scavenging effects on active oxygen decreased in order semifemented tea > unferfmnted tea > fennented lea. Antioxidant activity on tea often might related wthi catechin presence. Catechin activity as antioxidant estabilished. Several epidemilogical and phartnacokgical research shown that catechin had a strongly antioxidan activity. (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) are the major catechin of ~ tea This compounds had a strongly scavenging activity on free radical such as superoxide, hydrogen superoxide, DPPH and peroxynitdte. This review aim to exploited~ tea Oyphenols ability as free radicals sw vengers Key word: antioxidant activity, active oxygen, scavenging effec
A BIPOTENTIOMETRIC FIA SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN C
Get PDFA bipotentiometric FIA system has been developed for the determination of vitamin C. The system was a single stream manifold, which consisted of a peristaltic pump, a self made injector with internal loop and two Pt-electrodes connected to a PC by serial ADC or parallel ADC interface card. One of the Ptelectrodes was located in the injector before the internal loop, while the other electrodes at the end of the TEFLON reaction tube. The PC was supported with a self-made software for controlling the pump, signal acquisition, processing, and visualisation, and further peak determination, followed by calibration of standard solutions and calculation of sample concentrations. The above FIA-system configuration was applied to determine vitamin C by the injection of sample solution into a stream of potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution. The optimum result was achieved with knitted tube reaction of 0.8 mm i.d., 50 cm length, at flow rate 0,64 ml/minute, and consumed 3.6 ml of carrier solution per five injection, and gave linearity range at 0.001 – 0.100 N vitamin C, with the coefficient of correlation 0.9999, RSD peak to peak better than 3.0% and the error of artificial samples were less than 3.4 %.Key Words : Bipotentiometric-FIA, injector with internal loop, module-program, vitamin
Identification of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) from Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl., a posssible active compound
Get PDFRibosome-inactivating protein (RIPs), merupakan sekelompok protein toksik dalam tanaman yang mempunyai anktivitas RNA-glycosidase yang mampu menghambat sintesis protein pada mamalia. RIP mempunyai kemampuan memotong DNA superkoil. Adanya aktivitas tersebut, menjadikan RIP sebagai kandidat yang potensial dalam terapi kanker. Secara tradisional, ekstrak air dari buah P. macrocarpa telah digunakan dalam pengobatan kanker. Untuk itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan RIP dalam P. macrocarpa, yang kemungkinan merupakan senyawa yang bertanggung jawab dalam aktivitasnya tersebut. Daging buah dan biji P. macrocarpa diektraksi dengan buffer natrium fosfat 5mM pH 7.2 yang mengandung sodium klorid 0,14M. Fraksi protein diperoleh dengan pengendapan menggunakan ammonium sulfat. Aktivitas RIP ditentukan menggunakan metode pemotongan DNA superkoil. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak gubal biji P. macrocarpa mempunyai kemampuan memotong DNA superkoil menjadi bentuk nik sirkularnya. Aktivitas tersebut nampak tergantung pada konsentrasi. Aktivitas fraksi protein dari biji terlihat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak gubal, seperti ditunjukkan dengan munculnya bentuk linier pada konsentrasi protein sebesar 0.3μg/ml. Aktivitas memotong DNA superkoil tersebut tidak muncul pada crude extract dari daging buah. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa biji P. macrocarpa mengandung protein sejenis RIP. Kata kunci: Ribosome-inactivating protein (RIPs), Phaleria macrocarpa, DNA superkoi
The anticarcinogenic activity of plants compounds
Get PDFThe study was conducted to observe the effect of extracts of ngokilo (Gynura procumbens), beluntas (Pluchea indica), murbei (Morus alba) dan tapak doro (Vinca alba) leaves. Showed anticarcinogenic activity on lung tumor growth of mice. In the nex step, compounds having anticarcinogenic effect was isolated and identified, and evaluated on the cultures of meilomaand Vero cells. The results showed that non-polar fraction of ethanol extract of ngokilo leaves did not have anticarcinogenic activity, whereas the polar fraction show anticarcinogenic activity. At least there were three flavonoids (flavon or flavonol groups) in this polar fraction. It was only two of these flavonoids inhibit the growth of myeloma and Vero cells.Key words : ngokilo, Gynura procumbens, anticarcinogenic, flavonoid
Effect of a selective GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, on the opioid-induced antinociception and rewarding effect
Get PDFThe management of excessive adverse effects is a major clinical problem. Multiple approaches have been described to address this problem. Successful pain management with opioids required the adequate analgesia without excessive side effects. The present study was designed to investigatethe effect of a selective GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on the opioid induced antinociception and rewarding effect. In the present study, we confirmed that either morphine or fentanyl produced a dose dependent antinociceptive effect in mice using tail-flick test. The results demonstratedthat co-administration of baclofen with morphine, fentanyl or oxycodone produced the synergistic effect on antinociception in mice. In the place preference study, we found that baclofen inhibited on morphine or fentanylinduced place preference in rats. These results suggest that coadministrationof baclofen with opioids produce synergistic antinociception with less effects of place preference We propose here that co-administration of baclofen with opioids may pave the way for the new strategy for the control of pain and recommended for the adjuvant drug.Key words : opioid, place preference, rewarding effects, baclofe
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TOXICITY AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ASSAY FROM STEM-BARK EXTRACTS OF Garcinia celebica and G. tetandra
Get PDFGarcinia is suggested to have multi benefit in curing various diseases, some have edible fruit and edible oil. This experiment was a preliminary analysis, including phytochemistry screening, toxicity and antibacterial testing of stem-bark G. celebica and G. tetandra extracts. Ether, ethanol and water extracts of both Garcinia contained 19 different chemical components. Hexane, methanol and water extracts of stem-bark of both Garcinia extracts were found to have toxicological effect on Artemisia salina larva, G. celebica water extract had highest LC50 . Dichloromethane-methanol 1:1 extract of G. celebica inhibited the growth of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria , while the extract of G. tetandra could only inhibit the growth of Gram negative bacterium. Comparing with erythromycin and novobiosin antibiotics, the inhibiton growth activity of the two Garcinia extracts were lower than those of the antibiotics. Key words: Garcinia, phytochemical screening, toxicological effect, anti-bacter
THE INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CORIANDRI (Coriandrum sativum L) FRUCTUS TO BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN GLUCOSE- PRE LOADED RATS
Get PDFCoriander contains some active compounds capable of decreasing the level of blood glucose. Moreover, aqueous extract of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits has insulin-releasing and insulin-like activities. This research has been performed to obtain information on the effect of aqueous extract of coriander fruits on the blood glucose level in glucose-preloaded rats. The study was conducted by employing a complete random design in male Wistar rats (age 2-2,5 months, 150-250g).After the design treatments, the blood samples were collected (100-200 ul) at certain time interval. The result of each group were compared and analysed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric method (95%). The result showed that low doses (0.014 and 0.07 % w/v) of aqueous extract of coriander fruits were unable to decrease significantly (p>0.05) the blood glucose level in glucose-preloaded glucose. On the other hand, high doses, 0.35 and 1.75 % w/v, were capable to decrease significantly (p<0.05), which are 22.11 ± 3.09 and 18.41 ± 4.88 %, respectively. Nevertheless, in the present study, the highest hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of coriander fruits still lower than that of tolbutamide (p<0.05).Keywords: coriander, hypoglycaemic, glucose, tolbutamid
EFFECT OF THE JUICE OF GINGER RHIZOMES ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF SULFAMEZATHINE IN RATS
Get PDFThe rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale, Rosc.) has been widely consumed by people as food ingredient or a traditional drug. In the previous research there was evidence that the ginger juice influenced the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, a representative of drugs with high extraction ratio. The aim of this research is to study the effect of ginger juice on another high ER drug, sulfamezathine. To achieve the aim of this study, rats were divided into two groups to get the blood and urine data. The animals at the blood data group were divided into two groups. The group I (N=6) was given sulfamezathine (50 mg/kg BW) through intra peritoneal injection and the group II (N=6) was pretreated with the ginger juice orally (4 ml/kg BW) an hour prior to administration of sulfamezathine. The blood samples were withdrawn at various intervals after the drug administration. The unchanged sulfamezathine concentration was determined using a modified Bratton-Marshall method. From this blood data the values of Ka, Cmaks, Tmaks, Vdss, AUC, Cl and T1/2el were computed. Urine data was obtained by using two groups of rats with the same treatment as above. The sulfamezathine was counted from urine which accumulated for 24 hours to obtain the value of Fel. The results of this research showed that significant decreases in Cmaks (16.72%) and AUC (22.92%) values have occurred, with increasing values of Vdss (18.39%), ClT (38.29%), ClR (213.11%) and Fel 24 hours (128.58%) values. Key words : ginger rhizome, pharmacokinetics, sulfamezathine, rat
A COMPARATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF FUROSEMIDE IN SOLID DISPERSIONS FORMS
Get PDFFurosemide is a poorly soluble diuretic drug, the solubility of which can be enhanced by solid dispersion with polyvinylpirolidon (PVP). The solid dispersion system was prepared by a solvent method in various ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 7 of the drug and PVP, respectively, in order to improve furosemide bioavailability. The bioavailability of furosemide - PVP solid dispersion was compared with pure furosemide (control) and Lasix (reference). The study was done in a cross over design with a single-dose peroral that administered to the white male rabbits (n = 6). Furosemide blood levels were determined spectrofluorometrically by an extraction method. The area under the blood concentration-time curve AUC0 - , peak blood concentration Cmax and time to reach peak blood concentration Tmax were used to compare their bioavailabilities. The solid dispersion systems produced a higher extent of bioavailability than pure furosemide (P < 0,05). On the contrary, no statistically significant difference about the extent of bioavailability between solid dispersion and Lasix (P > 0,05). Finally, furosemide – PVP solid dispersion (1 : 7) was the best formulation with the highest extent of bioavailability and bioequivalence with the Lasix formula.Key Word : Solid dispersion, solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, furosemide
The effect of betle (Piper betle L.) leaf juice pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol on male white rat
Get PDFDrug interaction phenomenon, between drugs on drug and ford (fruit, vegetables on others), can happen in drug therapy of a disease due to the existence of compounds other than the drug (fruits, vegetables or drink). This interaction can alter and affect the action and effect of the drug. The aim of the research is to study an interaction between betle leaf (a vegetable ) and propranolol, which is a beta-blocker with a high hepatic extraction ratio, in male white rat. The study was conducted by employing a completely randomized design in male wistar inbreed rat (aged 2-2.5 months, 150-250 g). The animals in group I were given propranolol with an oral single dose of 7.5 mg/kg BW (control group) and in group II were given pretreatment with betle leaf juice dose of 17 mL/kg BW at an hour prior propranolol administration. After collected at some certain times, the drug concentration on bloods were analyzed with a Spectropflurometer.The results shown that pretreatment of betle leaf juice did not affect the absorption rate constant (Ka) significantly (P>0.05), and increase the total clearence (ClT) and volume of distribution in steady state (Vdss) significantly (P<0.05). The increasing of both ClT and Vdss caused alteration of the secondary pharmacokinetics parameters of propranolol and these derivates significantly(P<0.05) except the mean residence time value (MRT). This it is concluded that the pretreatment of betle leaf juice with the dose of 17 mL/kg BW affect the pharmacokinetics of propranolol or decrease the propranolol concentration in blood.Key words : propranolol, betle leaf, pharmacokinetics and drug interactio