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Analysis of compounds possessing inhibitory properties on mice locomotor activity from essential oils of Ki Lemo bark (Litsea cubeba lour. Pers)
Get PDFKi lemo barks has been used as traditional spasmolitic (called oils of massage) since a long time by ethnic of Dayak. The odors inhaled is presumed possessing inhibitory on mice locomotor activity. The present research has been done to determine the components in blood plasma of mice after inhalation of essential oil of ki lemo barks, and the possibility of their role in the inhibition on mice locomotor activity.Inhalation of essential oil of ki lemo bark (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers) at the doses of 0.5 ml inhibit locomotor up to 60,75 %, whereas at the doses of 0.1 ml and 0.3 ml inhibit locomotor activity of 57,44 % and 54,20 %, respectively.Identification and quantification of volatile active compounds in the blood plasma were carried out by GC-MS analysis after half an hour, one hour, and two hours inhalation. The blood plasma of three mice were collected in heparin tube, isolated and concentrated by the C-18 column (100 mg-Seppak Waters) eluted with methanol and bidistilled water (60:40). The major compounds identified were citronellol, citronellal, α-terpineol, and 1,8-cineole. The blood level of those substances was increasing for one hour after inhalation but decreasing after two hours.Key words : essential oil of ki lemo bark (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers), inhalation, locomotors
Cytotoxicity of oleandrin isolated from the leaves of Nerium indicum Mill. on several human cancer cell lines
Get PDFFinding anticancer drugs from natural resources still proceeds. Oleandrin isolated from Nerium indicum Mill. inhibited the growth of mieloma cell line in vitro better than that of vincristine sulphate. This study was aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of oleandrin on various human cancer cell lines. Cytotoxic test of oleandrin on seven human cancer cell lines was done by SRB-method. The analysis was conducted by comparing the ID50 of oleandrin with that of doxorubicin and cisplatin as positive controls. This result indicated that oleandrin possessed the best cytotoxic effect on breast cancer (MCF7) with ID50 at 8.85 nM. Keywords : Oleandrin, cytotoxicity, human cancer cells, ID5
Effect of the combination of C.domestica extract and essential oil of C.xanthorrhiza roxb. on leucocyte count in synovial fluid compared to that of pyroxicam
Get PDFOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalence rheumatic disease. The non steroidal antiinflamatory drugs display some side effect especially on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and blood clotting. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica L.) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) as natural
herbal remedies are developed for antiinflammation, antioxidant and cholagoga. The aim of this present research was to study the effect of combination of Curcuma domestica extract and essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb on the leucocyte count in the synovial fluid of patient with osteoarthritis compared to that of pyroxicam. A double blind randomized
clinical trial was used and conducted at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. After washed out period the knee synovial fluid was aspirated and the leucocyte count was examined. Patients were randomized for receiving piroxicam capsule 10 mg twice daily or combination of 3,66 ± 0,65 % w/w
curcuminoid extract of Curcuma domestica L.and 25 ml essential oil containing curcumen, bergamoten germacren B, Curserenon, Germacron, Xanthorrizol as a major component with 27,64 ± 0,85 % relative concentration of xanthorrhizol each capsule; two times a day for two week period. At the end of this study the synovial fluid was examined.
Decreasing the inflamation of synovial area was parrallel with decreasing leucocyte count by 174.56 ± 161.73 per mm3 (
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) LEAVES
Get PDFSchinus terebinthifolius Raddi is known to have medicinal benefit to cure various deseases. This experiment was conducted to analyse the chemical components of the essential oil of S. terebinthifolius Raddi, because the medicinal effects is strongly related to the chemical components. Chemical components analyses of the essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. was conducted using the combination method of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Chromatograms represented 47 components in the essential oil of S. terebinthifolium leaves with 17 major components (> 1% content). They were 3-carene, -pinene, -pinene, -phellandrene (type 1), -phellandrene (type 2), D-limonene, sabinene, p-simene, -simene, -elemene, isocaryophillene, -cubebene, 4aR-(4a,7,8a)-decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methyilene-7-(1-methylethenyl) naphtalena (type 1), 4aR-(4a,7,8a)-decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethenyl) naphtalena (type 2), (1,4a,8a)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a)-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphtalene, -cadinene and 1ar-(1a,4a,7,7a, 7b) -decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-1H-sicloprope azulen-7-ol. The major components were dominated mostly by monoterpene (68.63%).Key words: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, essential oil, chemical component
Diosgenin production by immobilized cell
Get PDFIn the last two decade, secondary metabolite production by plant tissue culture in several countries by plant tissue cultures were done by plant suspension culture method, in volumes until several thousand litres. There are many problems occur in the production by cells suspension culture. Some problems could be overcome by choosing suitable media, other could be solving by immobilized cells system. Immobilized cells system is promising method because it has some advantages. The aim of this research is to produce diosgenin from amobilized cells of Costus speciosus Smith. From this result we hope to know about the possibility of using immobilized cells system as alternative method for producing diosgenin. The main substance of this research is the mature seeds of C. speciosus (fam. Zingiberaceae) grown in RT-0 semisolid medium. The seedlings become explant for initiating calli by growing in RT 1 semisolid medium. After some passages of subculturing the calli, initiation of cell suspension culture was carried out by growing friable calli on RT-0,1 liquid medium. After some passages of subculturing cell suspesion culture, the biomass were collected and trapped in calcium alginate beads. The type of bioreactor used was shaking-flask. The immobilized cells were treated in RT liquid medium added with 0.1 ppm 2,4-D (RTA), second group in RTA added with 0.2% yeast extract (RTB), and the third group in RTA added with 0.2% yeast extract and 0.05% cholesterol. From this investigation can be concluded that diosgenin production in immobilized cell system treated with elicitor and precursor was increased four to ten times as great as its production without any addition for fine cells and for coarse cells about eight and three times fold. Key words: Costus speciosus cells, diosgenin production, immobilized cells, elicitation, precursor, spectro-densitometri
Evaluation of the implementation of the good manufacturing practice for traditional medicine industries in Central Java
Get PDFThe study of the GMP implementation for the traditional medicine industries in Central Java has been performed. The GMP for traditional medicine industry is the guidance how to produce and to manage the quality of the product so that it meets to the quality of design and the quality of conformance. The aim of the study is to evaluate how far the GMP is implemented in the traditional medicine industries in Central Java.The method used of the study was a descriptive evaluative qualitative data collected from several traditional industries namely: M, N, O, P, Q, R and S by assessing the implementation level of the GMP in those industries. The evaluation instrument used was the primary data directly collected by interviewing the directors, the managers and the heads of department, and then followed by visitation to the industries to check the primary data and the actual condition. The result showed that the evaluation of the GMP implementation for the traditional medicine industries in Central Java reached the score of 86.10% that meant of good category, although the quality control, the selfevaluation, and the documentation aspect had to be ameliorated.Key word : GMP, traditional medicine industrie
Estrogenic effect of ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) in rat
Get PDFSambung Nyawa leaves (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) has been used traditionally as a cancer medicine especially for ovary cyst and uteri cancer. Previous studies found that ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves had asparaginase inhibitor and antiangiogenic activity. This research was done to determine estrogenic effect of ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves in rats due to activity in ovary and uteri related to estrogen. Sixty female rats (30 immature rats for uterine weight assay) were grouped into a negative control (group I) namely carboxy methyl cellulose sodium (CMC sodium) 0.1 %, group II as a positive control namely ethynile estradiole in CMC sodium 0.1 %. Group III,IV and V were ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa at doses 595, 1445 and 3512.5 mg/kg body weight (bw). Group I to V were administered orally for 3 consecutive days at single dose. Group VI was given ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa at dose 595 mg/kg bw for 5 consecutive days at single dose. We determined uterine weight and vaginal cornification as the indicator of estrogenic effect in rats. The results had shown that group II, IV, V and VI increased uterine weight significantly when compared with group I (negative group) such as 85.2 to 306.4 % (p<0.05). Group V and VI had shown an increase of the uterine weight higher than ethynil estradiole (p<0.05).Key words : Sambung Nyawa, the ethanolic extract, uterine weight
ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN FOOD BY TOTAL NITROGEN AND AMINO ACID ANALYSES
Get PDFSince protein is the principal constituent of biological organs, a continuous supply is needed in food for growth and repair. Protein quality in food is determined by its assortment of amino acids, whether it is essentially needed or not. The aim of this study is to develop an accurate and precise simple method of protein estimation for food and feed. The validity of simple protein estimation by multiplying the N-total concentration with a constant factor: of 6.25, should be clarified. Protein could be estimated more specifically by summing up the determined amino acids. In this study, the amino acids of some substantially high protein food were analysed by HPLC-ninhydrin, HPLC-o-phthalaldehyde, and HPLC-dansyl techniques, by gas chromatograph after derivation with TFA-butanol, and by formol titration. Method based on HPLC-ninhydrin techniques shows significant correlation (r=0-9992) with its amino acids content and N-total content. The protein as amino acids - N-total conversion factor obtained was 6.95 for N-total content less than 15.5%, and 8.59 for N-total content higher than 15.5%.Key words: food, protein and analytical method
Evaluation on Management of Pesticide Poisoning of Hospitalized Patients in Hospital A Yogyakarta during thePeriod of January 2001 until December 2002
Get PDFThe study on pesticide poisoning management was performed in Hospital A, Yogyakarta during the period of January 2001 until December 2002. This is designed to investigate wether the implementation of the poison management has already been conducted properly and to assess the
percentage of the succesful therapy in the hospital. The present study was conducted using a descriptive observational design which include the case series reports by a retrospective method. The subject were 34 pesticide poisoning-hospitalized patients. Data were collected based on patient medical records such as the number of poisoning cases including the cause, initial treatments, characteristic of the clinical sign, the laboratory assessment, advanced treatments, healing or recovery, and death. The results were descriptively analyzed by examining the raw data. The data were calculated as the percentage of the groups towards the total subjects.
The results showed that the pestiside poisoning management in the Hospital A was adequately performed. The number of the patients that was recovered from poisoning was 34 patients (100%). However, from the viewpoints of initial treatment, laboratory assessment, and poisoning therapy, the poisoning management still needs to be improved
Synthesis of potassium pentagamavunonat-0 using potassium hydroxyde and solvent tertrahydrofuranethanol
Get PDFPentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) (2,5-bis(4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxy benzy-lidene) cyclopentanone) is a curcumin analogue. To improve its bioavailability it has been succesfully synthesized the Na-salt of this compound. However, sodium may disturb the electrolyte liquid-balance in the body which in turn hypertension. Therefore, the synthesis of potassium pentagamavunonat-0 is attempted.
Synthesis has been done using potassium hydroxide as a potassium source, in tetrahydrofuran-ethanol solvent, with molar variations. The result is dipotassium pentagamavunonate-0 (elucidated with IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectra), which is more soluble in water and has better stability at
high pHs. Molar variations did not show correlation with its yield. The yields are more than 100 %, may be caused by water crystals that contaminate the compound.
Key words : pentagamavunon-0, dikalium pentagamavunonat-0, synthesi