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Anti-fungal active fraction to Candida albicans from methanolic extract of camilen flowers (Matricaria chamomilla,L.)
Get PDFThe flowers of kamilen (Matricaria chamomilla, L.) has been used as antifungal in Indonesian traditional medicines. Previous study showed that the extract of flowers inhibited Candida albicans activity. In order to determine the active fraction, the using bioactive-guided fractionation method was used.The air-dried flowers was extracted from methanol. Methanolic extract was fractionated by using n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. n-Hexane fraction was separated by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) by busing silica gel H 60 with mobile phase n-heksan : ethyl acetate and chloroform : methanol by gradient polarity. VLC results fraction was separated by preparative thin layer chromatography with silica gel GF254 and mobile phase n-hexane : chloroform (1:1). The anti-fungal activities of Candida albicans was done by difuse method.Based on the TLC appearence , nine fractions were obtained (FK 1-9) from VLC, and FK-3 was the most active fraction in inhibiting Candida albicans. The result from preparative TLC of FK-3 was 5 subfractions (FP 1-5) Subfraction FP-3 and FP-5 were most active. that had inhibiting radical zone diameter 18 mm in 3% consentration.Key words : Kamilen ( Matricia chamomila, L), Candida albicans, anti-fungal
Influence of administration of gadung corm ((Dioscorea hispida Dennst) infusion to decrease of blood glucose level at aloksan inducted male diabetic rats.
Get PDFTraditional herba medicine, Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) has already known can be used for oral anti diabetic drug. But it have not be proved experimentally. The purpose of experiment want to know the influence of Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) corm infuse, can decrease blood glucose consentration diabetic aloxan inducted rats.This experiment use 20 rats by randomized design at 2-3 months, 140-280 gram BW, Aloxan inducted diabetic male albino Wistar strain. The dose of aloxan 150 mg/BW given by intraperitonial. The rats divided in 4 groups, each group consist of 5 rats. First group : positif controle which is given insulin 12,6 UI/BW subcutanly; Second group : negative controle which is given aqua dest 5 mL/BW orally; Third group is given Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) corm infuse 630 mg/BW orally and Forth group is given Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst ) corm infuse 1260 mg/BW dose orally. The experiment results of blood glucose level, was analyzed by 2 way ANOVA (p<0,05).The conclusion of the experiment is the rats has given Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) corm infuse 630 mg/BW and 1260 mg/BW can decrease blood glucose consentration proporsionally with insulin effect (p<0,05).Key words : Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), Aloksan, antidiabetic drug
Antiplasmodial activity of two fractions obtained from n-hexane extract of Garcinia parvifolia Miq stem bark
Get PDFAntiplasmodial activity of fractions A and B obtained from n-hexane extract of stem bark of Garcinia parvifolia have been evaluated. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was investigated on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum, FCR-3 a chloroquine resistant and D10, a chloroquine sensitive strains and their antiplasmodial activity was expressed by the concentration inhibiting 50.% of the parasite growth (IC50). The results showed that the fractions A and B were active against P. falciparum with the IC50 values of 2,79 ± 0,10 μg/mL and 12,30 ± 1,21.μg/mL on FCR-3 strain and 1,52 ± 0,24.μg/mL and 4,66 ± 1,24 μg/mL on D10 strain. Identification of active constituents in the both fractions showed the existence of triterpenoide, steroide and flavonoide compounds.Key words: Antiplasmodial activity , Garcinia parvifolia, active constituents
Effect of the curcuma plus® syrup on the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in rats
Get PDFThe research was aimed to observe the effect of Curcuma plus® syrup on rifampicin pharmacokinetics in rats.The study of interaction Curcuma plus® syrup with rifampicin pharmacokinetics was conducted employing a completely randomized design using male Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 3 groups (5 rats for each group). The groups were given a single oral rifampicin dose of 50 mg/kg BW as a control group and were confered single oral Curcuma plus syrup 2.7 mL/kg BW one hour before rifampicin and daily dose for 7 days, then is given rifampicin after that. Serial blood samples (0,2 mL) were withdrawn at various interval via the vein for HPLC analysis of unchanged rifampicin in blood. The concentration of rifampicin was determined based on a standard curve, and from the concentration to time data was determined rifampicin pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmaks, tmaks, AUC0-∼, Vd/F, t1/2, ClT dan K).The results indicated that Curcuma plus® syrup single dose 2.7 mL/kg BW one hour before rifampicin could increased rifampicin volume of distribution by 225.80% (P<0.05) and caused decreased Cmaks 72.81% and AUC0-inf 63.93% (P<0.05), while daily dose Curcuma plus® syrup for 7 days could rise rifampicin total clearance 225.60% (P<0.05) and caused decrease by 76.94% of AUC0-inf (P<0.05).Key words : pharmacokinetics, Curcuma plus® syrup, rifampici
Profile of sulphacetamide pharmacokinetics on uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure rats
Get PDFKidney is a vital organ which has main function to maintain the body homeostasis. The role of kidney is the excretion (elimination) of waste product, and if there is pathologically a renal failure so will change the drug pharmacokinetics and in turn change it’s potency. The present study evaluated the effect of uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure on the pharmacokinetics profiles of sulphacetamide in rats.The study was conducted by employing a completely randomized design in male Wistar in bred rat (aged 2-2.5 months, 150-250 g). The animals in group I were given sulphacetamide sodium with an oral single dose 100.0 mg/kg BW (control group) and in group II were given pretreatment with uranyl nitrate at 3 days before sulphacetamide administration.After collected at some certain times, the drug concentrations on bloods were analyzed by an ultraviolet spectrophometer. The results have shown that uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure decreased the primer pharmacokinetics parameter i.e. total clearance (ClT) and volume of distribution in steady state (Vdss), significantly (P<0.05). The decreasing of these parameter could cause alteration of the secondary pharmacokinetics parameters of sulphacetamide and these derivates i.e. Cmax, tmax, AUC0-240, AUC0-inf, MRT, K and t1/2 elimination significantly (P<0.05). According from the results, it is concluded that uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure affected the pharmacokinetics of sulphacetamide or could increase the sulphacetamide concentration in blood.Key words : sulphacetamide, pharmacokinetics, renal failure, uranyl nitrat
Suppression of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of breast cancer in post initition stage by ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens (Lour), Merr leaves
Get PDFGynura procumbens (Lour) Merr., has been shown to suppress lung cancer development in mice and breast cancer development in rat when the extract was given at initiation stage. The aim of this research is to examine the potential of ethanolic extract of G. procumbens to suppress DMBAinduced breast cancer development at early development (post initiation I) and late development (post initiation II). Sprague Dawley Rats were used in this research and were grouped as indicated treatment. Ethanolic extract of G. procumbens was administered into 2 levels of doses, namely 250, 750 mg/kgBW. Tumor development was examined by palpation every week and terminated at week 16th after the end of DMBA treatment. The result showed that extract treatment at the dose of 250, and 750 mg/kgBW at the post initiation I could not reduce tumor incidence but suppressed of tumor multiplicity. However, the treatment at the post initiation II, the extract could not reduce neither incidence nor multiplicity. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of G. procumbens performs potential effect to suppress breast cancer development at the dose of 250 mg/kgBW when administered at the early stage of carcinogenesis.Key words : Carcinogenesis inhibition, G. procumbens, breast cancer, post initiatio
Technological capability and R&D strengthening : a pharmaceutical industrial challenge in Indonesian
Get PDFTechnology and R&D capabilities are essential determinants of pharmaceutical competition in the global market. For the last thirty years, pharmaceutical industry has been dramatically changed as the impact of more significant roles of biotechnology in this industry. Pharmaceutical firms with strong capabilities in technology and R&D become market leaders and get better opportunities to sustain their competitive advantages. Indonesian pharmaceutical industry can not avoid of being involved from the trend of both regional and global competition. The harmonization of ASEAN pharmaceutical regulation in 2008 will create a single ASEAN pharmaceutical market with more complicated and wider dynamic implication, resulted in the formation of significantly competitive landscape of pharmaceutical market in the ASEAN region.Key words: Technology capabilities, R&D, Indonesian Pharmaceutical Industr
Influence of mechanical and thermal energy on rifampicin
Get PDFThe same raw material has opportunity to show different physical properties if it is produced by different industries. For such reason, rifampicin was chosen as a raw materials model, thats obtaining from five resource countries and were obtained from five different suppliers, each coded A, B, C, D and E. Each raw material was handled under tribomechanic and thermal treatment. Mechanical treatment was carried out by using grinding mill at 100 rpm for 30 minutes. Thermal treatment was carried out by oven at 105oC for 2 hours. Transformation occured, was identified by differential scanning calorymetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction and dissolution rate. The intrinsic dissolution rate was determined in 900 mL HCl 0,1N oxygen free, using basket and calculated through simultaneously determination method using uv spectrophotometry at λabs.maks. 475 nm. Thermograms of five milled raw material showed endothermic curve at 58oC without obviously melting curve.Thermogram of heated raw material did not show endothermic curve except its melting at 188oC-192oC. Crystallinity indices of the raw materials decreased from C, E, B, A to D. The milled raw materials were mixture of rifampicin II (2%) and amorphous (98%). A and D were mixture of rifampicin form II and fines (amorph). The other samples were only rifampicin form II. All of the raw materials showed different dissolution rates. Rifampicin B,C and D had sameness dissolution rate, whether milled or heated.Key words: Rifampicin II, rifampicin amorphous, DSC, powder X-ray diffraction, dissolution rat
Co-chemotherapy of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) leaves ethanolic extract and Doxorubicin on breast cancer cell
Get PDFChemotherapy combination attracted high attention in recent years to cure cancer. This method combines between non-toxic or less toxic phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic agents to sensitize cancer cell, to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents as well as to reduce its toxicity to normal tissues. The aim of the present research was to examine whether ethanolic extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves (SNE) or Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. synergizes the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin (Dox) on breast cancer cell line T47D.MTT assay was used to measure the effect of growth inhibitory of the combination therapy on T47D cells. SNE (25-500 μg/mL) treatment of cell resulted in 12-97.% growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner (IC50 90 μg/mL), while Dox (1.8-90 nM) treatment showed inhibitory effect of 16-83.% (IC50 50 nM). The combinations of SNE with Dox (1.8-18 nM) showed synergistic effect (CI<1). These results demonstrate a strong possibility of synergistic efficacy of SNE and Dox combination for breast cancer treatment.Key words: Sambung Nyawa leaves ethanolic extract, doxorubicin, cochemotherapy, T47D human mammary cancer cell
Tablet of captopril with a cross-linked system of alginate
Get PDFCaptopril has a short biological half life (1-3h) and has been used for long-term treatment of hypertension. The properties of captopril such as freely water-soluble and instability in intestinal environment lead to the difficulty of developing captopril as a sustained-release preparation. . In this study, sustained-release of captopril was prepared with a matrix system using sodium alginat as a polymeric forming-matrix. The ratio of sodium alginat and captopril was 1:2. Matrix system was obtained by forming alginate cross-linked with a various concentration of calcium acetate. Xanthan gum was used to help cross-linked reaction. Tablet was prepared by wet granulation and the dissolution test was performed in HCl 0.01 N, paddle method, 100 rpm, for 12 h. Although release profile of captopril from all formula developed were different, the release of captopril sustained up 12 h. Formula containing 30 % of xanthan gum and 40 % of sodium alginate showed the best release profile of captopril and the hardness of tablets do not influence to the release of captopril. Tablet of captopril with a crosslinked system of alginate sustained the release of captopril until 12 h .Key words: captopril, sustained-release, sodium alginat, calcium acetat