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Analysis of Derivate Compound Between Sodium Alendronat with Chloride by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Get PDFSodium alendronate is one of biphosphonate group drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis,. The aim of this research was to obtain the optimum condition for forming derivative of sodium alendronate with dansyl chloride. By adding 270 μL dansyl chloride to 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer at pH 10.0 mixing with thermomixer at 50.oC for 50 minutes, resulted in a stable derivative within 30 minutes. The compound was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography method using C18 column acetonitrilemethanol-buffer (25 mM KH2PO4 and 25 mM citric acid) (20:15:65;v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute; (detected at wavelength of excitation 320 nm and emission 495 nm). The retention time of the derivative was 19.758 minutes, the calibration’s curve was linear at concentration range of 0.2-1 μg/mL with coefficient of correlation (r) 0.9995 and limit of quantitation 0.114 μg/mL.Key word : HPLC, sodium alendronat, dansyl chloride, fluorescenc
Geometric Isomers and Cytotoxic Effect On T47D Cells of Curcumin Analogues PGV-0 and PGV-1
Get PDFCurcumin analogues 2,5-bis-(4’-hidroxy-3’-methoxy)-benzilidinecylopentanone (PGV-0) and 2,5-bis-(4’hidroxy-3’,5’-dimethyl)-benzilidinecylopentanone (PGV-1) have a potency to be developed as cytotoxic agent. The aims of this research are to elucidate the geometric isomer and to study the cytotoxic effect on T47D cells of both compounds. To establish the geometric isomer these compounds, they were elucidated by LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY. Their cytotoxic effect were evaluated by MTT assay method on T47D cells. The results concluded that the geometric isomer of PGV-1 is zusammen-zusammen (Z-Z) and PGV-0 is entgegen-entgegen (EE). The IC50 of both compounds are 1.74 and 9.39 μM respectively.Key words: PGV-0, PGV-1, Cytotoxicit
Studi on the in vitro release of ibuprofen from xanthan gum matrix combined with a crosslinking agent
Get PDFIbuprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that is often used so frequently in a day that is can cause the patient to forget to take it. Besides it may cause gastro intestinal disturbances, which increase with the frequent of use. Many studies have been undertaken to obtain ibuprofen controlled release systems. Based on this, this study is done to find out the in vitro release kinetic of ibuprofen from xanthan gum matrix combined with a crosslinking agent, that is locust bean gum or calcium sulphate.In this research there were six formulas sustained release ibuprofen tablet that was made by the same compression pressure. Formula I, II and III used matrix combination of xanthan gum and locust bean gum (1:½, 1:1, 1:1½), while formula IV, V and VI used matrix combination of xanthan gum and calcium sulphate (1:½, 1:1, 1:1½). Afterward, the physical and release characteristics of the tablet were examined.The results showed that the compactibility of matrix combination of xanthan gum and locust bean gum was different from the matrix combination of xanthan gum and calcium sulphate. Combination of xanthan gum and locust bean gum and also calcium sulphate as crosslinking agent can influence the physical properties and the release profile of tablet.Key words: ibuprofen, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, calcium sulphate, dissolution, sustained release tablet
Phosphorylation of pregelatinized maranta starch (Maranta arundinaceae L.) as theophyllin tablet matrix controlled release
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to investigate the effect concentration level of pregelatinized and pregelatinized marantha starch phosphate as matrix polymer on the drug release profile. Pregelatinization starch was made by heating suspension of marantha starch with drum dryer. Phosphorylation of pregelatinized maranta starch was prepared by reacting pregelatinized marantha starch with Na2HPO4 and NaHPO4 (2:3). The modified starch product was used as matrices for tablet controlled release separately by direction compression process. Theophyllin was used as a model drug hydrophobic. The dissolution test was carried out separately in 0,1 N HCl (pH 1,8) and in phosphate buffer (pH 7,2), both for 8 hours by using paddle method.The result showed that there was no significant difference (P< 0,05) among the drug release profile from different level concentration of polymeric matrices. The drug release rate was found to be governed by the type and concentration level of polymer in matrix system, polymeric concentration (25%) in matrix, the slower release rate of the drug. Release profile showed a tendency to follow zero-order kinetics from all matrix tablets, and the drug release may be controlled by combination of diffusion and erosion delivery system.Key words: pregelatinized maranta starch phosphate, controlled release, polymeric matrices
A retrospective study on drug interactions in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta
Get PDFThe increasing number of drugs available and the increasing use of multidrug regimens which enhance the possibility for drug interactions. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of drug-drug interaction and drug-food interaction both in outpatients and hospitalized patients. The research was also to determine the pattern of drug interaction mechanism and drugs which often show interaction.The Research type was descriptive. The data were conducted by retrospective, simple random sampling, taken from 90 samples of geriatrics patient hospitalized medical record in Interne medicine during June- September 2003, 120 samples of outpatient prescription took care from Haspita Farma Pharmacies during July-December 2003. Evaluation of the data was carried out descriptively.The result of the study showed that drug interaction occurred in 59% cases of hospitalized patient and 69% cases of outpatient. It was identified the existence of 125 drug interaction in hospitalized patient consists of 48 drug-drug interaction and 77 drug-food interaction. The pattern of drug interaction mechanism was pharmacokinetics pattern of drug interaction mechanism 36%, pharmacodinamic 16 % and unknown 48 %. The drug which often have interaction were furosemid, captopril, aspirin, and ceftriakson. In outpatient, It was identified 128 drug interactions consist of 47 drug-drug interactions case and 81 drug-food interaction. The mechanism pattern was pharmacokinetic 72%, pharmacodinamic 19% and unknown 11 %.The drug which often had interaction was phenitoin, phenobarbital, isoniasid, and rifampicin.Key words : drug interaction, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Geriatri
Peroxide value and DPPH (diphenyl picril hydrazil hydrate) free radical scavenger activity of Knema laurina methanol extract
Get PDFThe aim of the study were to determine the peroxide value and anti DPPH free radical scavenger activity of Knema laurina (Myristicaceae) methanol extract as indicator og antioxidant properties. Peroxide value wasdetermined by iodometri-titration method while anti DPPH free radical was determined by spectrophotometry. Based on phytochemical screening, the chemical compounds of K. laurina were essential oil, sterol, triterpen, tannin, peroxide sugar, alkaloid and saponin. Peroxide value (POV) of K. laurina methanol extract was 158.07 peroxide/1kg sample, while POV of α- tocopherol was 363.96 peroxide/1kg sample. It mean that the inhibition of oxidation process of K. laurina methanol extract was better that that of α-tocopherol so the peroxide formed was lower. The IC50 of K. laurina methanol extract was 39.72 ppm, while IC50 of vitamin C was 12.20 ppm. The result showed that methanol extract of K. laurina at the concentration of 39.72 ppm inhibit 50% of free radical DPPH activity. Based on the peroxide value and IC50 of K. laurina methanol extract, it can be concluded that K. laurina methanol extract had potential activity as anti-DPPH free radical and could be acted as reductor in oxidation process.Key words : Knema laurina, peroxide value (POV), free radical DPP
Effect of ethanol extract of Erythrina fusca Lour (cangkring) leaves on suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in raji cell line
Get PDFCOX-2. COX-2 is expressed highly in inflammation and cancer cells. The effect of ethanol extract of Erythrina fusca Lour (cangkring) toward suppression of COX-2 expression in Raji cells was studied using immunocytochemistry method. This research showed that ethanol extract of E. fusca Lour leaves on concentration of 250,0; 125,0; dan 62,50 μg/mL was able to suppress the COX-2 expression significantly in comparison to control, with the inhibition of 70,19 ± 2,14 %; 44,69 ± 1,62 %; and 23,25 ± 2,21 %.Key words: COX-2 expression, anti-inflammation, anti cancer, Raji cells, ethanol extract of E. fusca leaves, immunocytochemistr
Immunostimulant activity of soybean milk against immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA) and lymphocyte cells proliferation of Balb/c mice induced hepatitis A
Get PDFSoybean milk contains of isoflavon aglycon as genestein and rich of proteins. The genestein of soybean milk potentially has antitumor/anticancer, antivirus, antiallergic activities and immunity responses. The aim of this research was to evaluate the immunostimulant activity of soybean milk against immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) and lymphocyte cells proliferation in Balb/c mice induced by hepatitis A. The test was done at 3 groups of 5 Balb/c mice. Each group was consummed orally with soybean milk(group I) dose of 0.7mL/20g/BW, levamisole (group II, as positif control) dose of 0,45 mg/0.7mL/20g/BW, and water (group III, as negative control) dose of 0.7mL/20g/BW, once a day, through out of the research. On the day of 7, 28 and boostered on the day of 43, all groups were induced intra peritoneally by hepatitis A dose of 5.24 IU/20g/BW. The serum were collected from plexus retroorbitalis by heparinized cappilary on the day of 14, 35 and 46, for IgG and IgA measured by ELISA method, and then the mice were sacrificed to isolate the lymphocytes of spleen. The lymphocyte cells proliferation measured by MTT-reduction method. The result shown that IgG and IgA increased significantly (p<0,05) against levamisole and water at the day-46, but did not increase significantly (p>0,05) against lymphocyte cells proliferation concerning with soybean milk consumed. It can be concluded that the immunostimulatory activity soybean milk was against humoral immunity, instead of seluler immunity.Key words : soybean milk, immunoglobulin, lymphocyte cells, hepatitis A, levamisol
Synthesis of diacetyl gamavuton-0 using acetyl chloride as an acylating agent
Get PDFGamavuton-0 (GVT-0) is a curcumin-like compound, which is more stable than curcumin and still has an antioxidant property. The synthesis of diacetyl gamavuton-0 (diAcGVT-0) yielding an acetylation product that is more lipophile than GVT-0. The synthesis of diAcGVT-0 has been done by reacting GVT-0 and acetyl chloride as an acylating agent and tertiary amines as primary bases. DiAcGVT-0 was formed as the major product of synthesis but the product was not pure. Structure elucidation using UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR and MS spectra showed that the main product was diAcGVT-0.Key words : diacetyl gamavuton-0, acetyl chloride, acylating agent, lipophil
Cost analysis of Diabetes mellitus therapy in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that has been recognized by Indonesian government as a major public health problem with far reaching consequences not just for its adverse impact on the health of Indonesian, but also for the economic burden it places on the health care systems. The objective of this study was to describe the therapeutic cost of outpatient diabetes mellitus type 2.A descriptive study was performed on patient who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the Sardjito Hospital between July and August 2005. Patient were included if they were ambulatory during the time of the study. Exclusion criteria were patients with any other diseases. Only direct medical cost was considered (perspective from hospital). Direct costs to this analysis were cost of drugs, visit to the physician, laboratory examinations, and cost of diabetes-related complications and concomitant therapies.From the 100 examined patients, 44 percent were females and 56 percent were males. The average age of the patients was 60.75 ranging from 41 to 85 years of age. The average total costs per patient per month was Rp 208,500 with a maximum to be Rp 754,500. The largest cost was drug acquisition costs (59.5%), followed by cost of diabetes-related complications (31%). The control of blood glucose using combination therapy was more frequently attained in patients taking sulfonylurea and biguanid (44.62%). The combination of biguanid, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and insulin had the greatest expense, equal to Rp.571,000. Hypertension, neuropathy, and hyperlipidemia were the most frequently mentioned complications diseases. The cost for diabetes-related complication included hypertension and retinopathy had the greatest expense, equals to Rp 754,500.Key words: cost-identification, diabetes mellitus, Dr. Sardjito hospita