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Production of D6,7-anhidroeritromisin-A from Saccharopolyspora erythraea ATCC 11635 culture
No full textErythromycin has been used widely to prevent infection diseases which caused by Staphylococcus. However erythromycin is unstable and decomposed in an acid condition. This unstability erythromycin is conducted by due to a nucleophylic attack of the C6-hydroxyl group of erythromycin to its C9-carbonyl group. This Decomposition can be avoided by modification the erythromycin structure; such as omitting the C6-hydroxyl group. Biomodification for omitting the C6-hydroxyl group can be conducted by inhibition the activity of enoyl reductase in fourth step of the biosynthesis 6- deoxyerythronolid-B. The inhibition process could carried out by an addition of an antimetabolite isonicotonic hidrazide (INH) into the fermentation of erythromycin production. By the enoyl reductase inhibition, the microbe will produce D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A which is more stable in an acidcondition than erythromycin-A. This research is to produce derivative D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A by addition of INH into a culture of Saccharopolyspora erythraea ATCC 11635 in medium basal and Hutchinson. Selection of medium for fermentation of Sac. erythraea ATCC 11635 for D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A production was done out of two media: basal medium with palm oil and Hutchinson medium. The two media were treated with an additional 0,2% INH as an antimetabolite.Hutchinson medium yielded the highest product of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A. The FT-IR spectrometric analyzes of metabolite showed a stretching vibration of C=C conjugated group at wave number 1602,7 cm-1. This C=C conjugated vibration indicated the existence of double bond between C6 and C7 (D6,7), this confirmed that isolate-C contained D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A (the possibility of D6,7 was positive).Key words: enoyl reductase, D6,7-anhydroerythromycin-A, isoniazid (INH
Development of cassava starch-avicel PH 101 for coprocess diluent of direct compression tablet
Get PDFCassava starch is tablet excipient with poor of both flowability and compressibility which can not be used as diluent of direct tablet compression. The purpose of this research was to develop co-process of cassava starch-Avicel PH 101 for diluent of direct compression tablet. To achieve this goal, the thing that has been done are : (1) isolation of cassava starch (2) co-processing of cassava starch-Avicel PH 101 (3) testing of mechanic-physic properties of co-process of cassava starch-Avicel PH 101 (4) evaluation of co-process of cassava starch-Avicel PH 101 as diluent of direct compression tablet. The results indicated that ratio cassava starch-Avicel PH 101 (60:40) provided co-process with the best of mechanical-physical and compression properties. The best of mechanical-physical properties were flowability about 6,70±0,28 g/dt and tapping index about 12,57±1,18.%. The best compression properties of cassava starch-Avicel PH 101 co-process were crushing strength about 4,97±0,23 kp and friability about 0,52±0,03.% with disintegration time and tablet uniformity fulfill with requirement of pharmacopoeia.Key words: cassava starch, Avicel PH 101, co-process, direct compression table
Molecular identification and anticancer activity of alkylphenol from cashew nut shell oil (Anacardium occidentale) grown In Timor Island
Get PDFIsolation of anacardic acid and cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid and their cytotoxic activity to on ward HeLa cancer cell line has been done. The objective of this research is to isolate and identify anacardic acid and cardanol from CNSL along with their cytototoxic activity towards HeLa cancer cell lines. Anacardic acid was isolated as calcium anacardate. Hydrolisis of this acid with acid chloride yields anacardic acid . Liquor ammonia was added to the acid-free CNSL and extracted with hexane/ethyl acetate (98:2) to isolate cardanol and with ethyl acetate/hexane (80:20) to separate cardol. Cardanol was obtained as the main chemical component of CNSL derived from Kupang district. Anacardic acid and cardanol was analyzed using IR and GC-MS. Anticancer activity of chemical components of CNSL against HeLa cancer cell lines were studied using MTT. Cytotoxic activity test showed that CNSL, anacardic acid and cardanol can be developed as anticancer agent.Key words : CNSL, anacardic acid, cardanol, anticancer
Effect of agitation speed on morphological changes in Aspergillus niger hyphae in submerged fermentation system
Get PDFThe correlation between the agitation speed and the morphological changes occurred in the fungal hyphae during the production of tannase in a submerged fermentation system has been studied. Under optimal agitation speed, loose fungal pellet formation favored enzyme production. Based onthe SEM and TEM studies, it was found that there were significant correlations between the speed of agitation and the hyphal morphology including its internal structures, and the activity of enzyme production. This could be due to the excessive cell permeability related to abrasion by shear forces and also by oxygen limitation.Key words: Agitation speed, fungal hyphae, tannase, submerged, fermentation system
Isolation and structure identification of new alkaloids from the sponge Rhabdastrella rowi
Get PDFChemical investigation on marine sponge Rhabdastrella rowi collected from Bali, Indonesia has been performed. This study was aimed to isolate and to identify structures of the sponge secondary metabolites as well as to test their cytotoxicity activity on mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y.Isolation procedure was performed by using different chromatography techniques. NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods were used to identify the compounds chemical structures. Cytotoxicity of the isolates was tested on mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y by using the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay.This study yielded two new alkaloids, quinolin-4-ol (1) and quninazolin-4-amine (2) which were found as minor constituents of Rhabdastrella rowi. Both compounds were observed as inactive against mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y.Key words: Rhabdastrella rowi, sponge, alkaloid
Liver and kidney histopathological test of mice received Pauh Kijang (Irvingia malayana Oliv ex A. Benn) extract
Get PDFThe background of this study was to determine the safety of pauh kijang extract which is orally given to mice while the aim of the study was to evaluate the liver and kidney histopathological changes after receiving various dose of the extract mango (Irvingia malayana Oliv. Exe Benth.) ethanol extract. There were five group of treatments in this study : mice received extract with the concentration of (I) 1000mg /kg BW, (II)100 mg/kg BW, (III) 10 mg/kg BW, (IV) 1 mg/kg BW, and (V) received carboxy methyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as negative control. Each treatment consisted of five mice. After seven days of treatment, mice were sacrified. The liver and kidney were sampled and processed to prepare histopathology slides. The histopathology parameters were examined by counting the degeneration and necrotic cells of hepatocytes and renal epithelial tubule. The lesion of glomerulus such as atrophy and protein sedimentation were also observed. The result also showed that extract concentration of > 10 mg/kg BW result in damaging liver cells significantly, while kidney cell damage occurred significantly in the exposure of extract > 1 mg/kg BW.Key words : Irvingia malayana, liver, kidne
Identification and determination of traditional medicinal plants of Southeast Sulawesi People at Arboretum Prof. Mahmud Hamundu Haluoleo University
Get PDFSeventeen traditional medicinal plants of South East Sulawesi are collected at Arboretum Prof. Mahmud Hamundu Universitas Haluoleo, have been determined successfully by Herbarium Bogoriense staffs, Cibinong Bogor. The plants came from Konawe and KonaweSelatan districts. Endemicity of those plants as medicinal plants were based on ethnobotanical study using information from “Tokoh Masyarakat Tolaki” and “Tokoh Masyarakat Jawa”. Collected traditional medicinal plants at those places, but have not known in Java, are assumed as specialized plants of Tolakinese. All of the plants were determined at Herbarium Bogoriense. Moreover, detailed study of those plants including biology, chemistry and pharmacy aspects were done by electronically literatures study using science direct programmed. According to the literatures, Sterculea cf. oblongata R.Br. and Talinum triangulare Willd have not been reported the research yields. Key words: Traditional medicinal plants, Konawe, Konawe Selatan, and Tolakinese
The pattern of acute respiratory infections treatment in children of 0 – 59 month’s old in Puskesmas I Purwareja, Banjarnegara year of 2004
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to describe the pattern of acute of respiratory tract infections in children of 0-59 month’s old in Puskesmas I Purwareja Klampok, Banjarnegara. The data was taken by retrospective method from medical record. The data collected was analysed by nonanalytic descriptive statistic method, and then compared them to standard of therapy provided by Indonesian Health Departement. The result showed that all of 120 patients were pneumonia acute respiratory tract infections, which were 55.8% boys and 44.2% girls. The antimicrobials used were Cotrimoxazol (86.7%) and amoxicillin (13.3%). The major product used in that puskesmas was syrup (91.7%), and tablet that delivered in the form of powder was 8.3%. The treatment using these antimicrobial at Puskesmas I Purwareja, Klampok, Banjarnegara was in accordance to standard of therapy provided by Indonesian Health Departement. Key words: pneumonia acute respiratory tract infection, 0-59 months old children, antimicrobial, puskesmas I Purwareja Klampok Banjarnegar
Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin
Get PDFThe aim of this research were to evaluate the chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of patchouli. The identification of patchouli oil was carried out by using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer, fractionation of patchouli oil was done by vacuum fractionational distillation method. The gas chromatography mass spectra showed that the patchouli oil consisted of 15 components. It was found that the five major components were patchouli alcohol, Δ-guaiene, α-guaiene, seychellene and α-patchoulene. Patchouli oil and high boiling point fraction exhibited antibacterial activity, while the low boiling point fractions did not show the antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties found to be more effective for the Gram-positive bacteria than that the Gram-negative bacteria.Key words : patchouli oil, patchouli alcohol, fractinational distillation, antibacteria
The vasodilation effects of curcumin and its derivatives on isolated aortic of rats
Get PDFHypertension is a disease which need a complex therapy and high cost of drugs. This fact urge exploration of new antihypertensive drug. The aim of the research was to asses to look at the activity of curcumin and its derivatives bisdemethoxy curcumin and bis(demethoxydehydroxy) curcumin on the contraction of isolated organ smooth muscle induced by an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist (phenylephrine), and to assay relaxation effect on this organ. In this study, aortic organ represented a vascular system. This research was conducted using an isolated organ technique with isotonic transducer. The results have shown that curcumin and its analogs bisdemethoxy curcumin and bis(demethoxydehydroxy) curcumin could inhibit the contraction of isolated organ smooth muscle, and showed relaxation effects of this organ. The inhibitory effect on the isolated organ might be mediated by non-competitive antagonism mechanism on a1-adrenergic receptor, whereas the relaxation effects were suggested through nitric oxide (NO) independent pathway.Key words : curcumin, isolated organ, vasodilation, relaxatio