Open Journal Systems
Not a member yet
442 research outputs found
Sort by
Chemical investigation on Pseudoceratina purpurea collected from Banyuwangi Indonesia
Get PDFChemical investigation on marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea collected from Banyuwangi, Indonesia has been performed. This study was aimed to isolate and to identify structures of the sponge secondary metabolites as well as to test their cytotoxicity activity on mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y.Isolation procedure was performed by using different chromatography techniques. NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods were used to identify the compounds chemical structures. Cytotoxicity of the isolates was tested on mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y by using the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay.This study yielded five known tyrosine-derived alkaloids, two of which, aplysamine-2 (1) and aeroplysinin-1 (2) showed growth inhibition of mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y with IC50 value of 1.7 mg/mL and 0.57 mg/mL, respectively.Key words: Pseudoceratina purpurea, sponge, alkaloids
Pivotal role reelin signaling pathway in the development of tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception
Get PDFThe huge endogenous macromolecule protein responsible for controlling migration and dendritic growth of developing neurons, reelin, has recently been proposed that its signaling pathway modulates synaptic plasticity in the adult rodent brain. This study was carried out to investigate the pivotal role of the reelin signaling pathway in the development of tolerance to morphine induced antinociception. There was evidence that repeated intracerebroventricular administration of reelin’s monoclonal antibody, the competitive inhibitor to reelin – apolipoprotein receptor E2 recombinant, and disabled1 (Dab1) protein inhibitor – MG132, resulted in the inhibition to the development of antinociception tolerance to morphine administration. Furthermore, chronic in vivo administration with morphine caused significance increase of the immunoreactivity (IR) for phosphorylated-Dab1 in the thalamus. These data suggested that persistent activation of reelin signaling pathway due to chronic administration of morphine may be responsible for the development of tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception.Key words: Morphine tolerance, Neuronal plasticity, Opioid receptor, Reelin signalling pathwa
Protein kinase inhibitors from Indonesian Sponge Axynissa sp.
Get PDFA research about inhibitory activity on various cancer related protein kinases of several marine sponges collected in Indonesia was performed. This study aims were to isolate and to identify structures of biologically active sponge metabolites.A combination of a chemically-and biologically driven approach for drug discovery was employed. Sponge extracts were tested by protein kinase inhibitory assay by in vitro method in parallel to the usage of TLC, and HPLC coupled to UV spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry to isolate the chemically most interesting substances. Structure identification of active compounds was performed by using NMR spectroscopy and massspectrometry methods.This study showed that only Axynissa sp. fractions were found active in protein kinase inhibitory assay. Two bisabolene type sesquiterpenoids, (+)- curcuphenol (1) and (+)-curcudiol (2) were identified as active compounds from the sponge. Compound 1 showed SRC protein kinase inhibition with an IC50value of 7.8 μg/mL while 2 inhibited FAK with an IC50 value of 9.2 μg/mL.Key words: protein kinase inhibitor, Axynissa sp
Ethanolic extract of Areca catechu seeds inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis on MCF-7 cells
Get PDFAreca catechu seed contains antioxydant substances, supposed to have anticancer property. This research therefore addressed to examine the inhibitory effect of Areca catechu seed ethanolic extract (EP) on proliferating breast cancer cells, MCF-7. Areca catechu seed ethanolic extract (EP) standardization was done according to the standard of BPOM. Areca catechu seed powder extraction was done using ethanol 96%. Cytotoxic assay – to get the value of IC50 and to prevent the cell proliferation (using doubling time assay) – was carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis observation was done by acrydine orange- etidium bromide staining method (double staining). The result showed that treatment with Areca catechu seed ethanolic extract (25-100 µg/m) for 48 h caused 13-84% growth inhibition (IC 5077 µg/mL) of the cells, while arecoline (ARE) treatment (10-500 µg/mL) showed 8-73% inhibition (IC50 180 µg/mL). The extract also inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. These results conclude that Areca catechu seed ethanolic extract (EP) possesses antiproliferative effect through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction.Key words:MCF-7, Areca catechu, antiproliferative
Hypocholesterolemic and hypoglicemic effects of butyrylated arrowroot starch on Sprague Dawley rats
Get PDFThe aim of research is to investigate the hypocholesterolemic and hypoglicemic effects of butyrylated arrowroot starch in rat. The study was carried out using 30 Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 5 groups of six rats. Each group was fed with different diets, i.e. diet containing butyrylated arrowroot starch with different degrees of substitution (DS of 0; 0.053; 0.120 and 0.187) and standard diet (AIN93). After 34 days feeding, the rats were killed and the blood was taken and analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose concentrations. The result showed that rats fed with diet containing butyrylated arrowroot starch had lower concentration of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride, but the HDL cholesterol concentration was higher than those fed with arrowroot starch and standard diet AIN93. The higher the degree of substitution of the starch in the diet gave improved on those parameters. Butyrylated arrowroot starch has hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effect.Key word: Butyrylated arrowroot starch, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglicemi
Rational behavior of self medication on the community of Cangkringan and Depok subdistrict of Sleman district
Get PDFSelf-medication is defined as usage of drugs in community to relieve symptoms of minor illnesses without doctor intervention. Self-medication prevalence in Indonesia in 2004 is 24.1.% and in DIY province in 2005 is 87.73.%. The behavior of rational self-medication is probably influenced by sex, age, education level, occupation, income level, knowledge, and positive attitude toward self-medication. This was an observational research with cross sectional design. The number of respondent was 174, and the samples were chosen by multistage random sampling based on the villages number. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire and nonpartisipative observation. The data was analyzed by using independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression.The result of the research showed that there was significant relationship between sex, age, level of knowledge, occupation, income level, knowledge and attitude with rational self-medication behavior. Multivariate analysis result showed that education level was themost influencing rational self-medication behavior at confidence level 95.%. There was significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, sex, age, level of knowledge, occupation and income level with rational self-medication behavior. Education level was the most influencing rational self-medication behavior.Key words: self-medication behavior, self-medication knowledge, self-medication attitud
Labelling of human serum albumin (HSA)-nanospheres with technetium-99m radionuclide
Get PDFLabelling of HSA-nanospheres with technetium-99m was carried out by direct and indirect method using sodium pyrophosphate as co-ligand agent. The labelling efficiency was determined by several chromatography system for separation of 99mTc-HSA-nanospheres labelled compound from its radiochemical impurities. Several parameters influencing the labelling process were studied such as pH, kinds and quantity of reductor agent, labelling method, quantity of HSA-nanospheres and temperature and the duration of incubation. The result show that the optimum direct labelling condition was found by using 0.5 mL HSA-nanospheres solution (which had absorbance of 0.6 at l= 202 nm), 100-150 μg of SnCl2.2H2O as reductor, pH mixture was 2 and the first incubation was done at room temperature for 25 minutes. The labelling process was continued by adding technetium-99m of certain activity, and finally pH was adjusted to 5.5-6.0. The second incubation was carried out at room temperature for 15 minutes. This direct method resulted more than 90% of labelling efficiency, with free 99mTc-pertechnetate as radiochemical impurity. The indirect labelling process by using 0.5 mL of HSA-nanospheres solution, 100 μg of SnCl2.2H2O was prior reacted with 1.0 mg of sodium pyrophosphate (1 : 5 mol/mol), the pH was adjusted to 7.4 and incubation was done in the incubator at 37oC for 15 minutes. After adding 99mTc-pertechnetate solution, the second incubation was done at room temperature for 15 minutes. This indirect labelling resulted 93.4 ± 1.2 % of labelling efficiency with remain of 99mTc-pertechnetat and 99mTc-pyrophosphate as radiochemical impurities.Key words: lymphoscintigraphy, nanocolloid, technetium-99m, radiochemical impurities
Secondary metabolite (antibiotic) production by Indonesian endophytic fungi
Get PDFEndophytic microbes is a potentially new field for producing the promising secondary metabolite and a few people utilizing them. The purpose of this research is to find out the fungi which have an ability to produce new pathogenic eukaryote inhibiting antibiotic. The researches steps were isolation, selection based on the ability of isolates to utilize carbonsources and their inhibitory effect by bioassay test with indicator microbes such as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. licopersicae, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Selected isolates was determined by their inhibitory effect value was more than 4.0. Paper chromatography technique was applied to analysis the character of antibiotic using many kinds of eluents. Optimization was done to increase the production and inhibitory effect of produced antibiotic. Isolation research step found 86 endophytic fungi isolates from many kinds of plants tissue from Yogyakarta. Selection results showed that 9 isolates had inhibitory effect value more than 4.0 and four isolates that were JA-2, MB-1, NGK-1 and KMD-7 higher than 5.0. Antibiotic production was influenced by carbon sources or kinds of substrates, for examples JA-2 isolate grown at PDB medium produced higher inhibitory effect to B. subtilis than Antibiotic-3 and GY; NGK-1 grown at Antibiotic-3 medium produced higher inhibitory effect to B. subtilis and C. albicans than others; MB-1 grown at Antibiotic -3 medium produced higher inhibitory effect to F. oxysporum than others. Finally isolates JA-2 and NGK-1 was chosen as selected isolates for development of new antibiotic.Key words : Secondary metabolite, endophytic fungi, Indonesi
Visible spectrophotometric determination of Cefadroxil using ethyl acetoacetate and formaldehyde reagents
Get PDFVisible spectrophotometric method can be used to determine cefadroxil in the pharmaceutical dosage form. The reaction of cefadroxil with the condensation product of 2 mol ethyl acetoacetate and 1 mol formaldehyde in acidic condition (pH 3,5) at 45°C for 20 minutes yielded yellow product giving absorption at 367 nm. The concentration of Cefadroxil was calculated by using standard curve Y = 1.6063 X + 0.1634, r = 0.9932, p = 0,001 and Vxo = 9,7%. Determination of cefadroxil capsule ”X” (562.4 mg/capsule) showed that the concentration of cefadroxil observed is 490.5 mg/capsule (CV = 0.89%) and recovery value is 102.88% (CV = 0.67%). Key words: visible spectrophotometry, Cefadroxil, ethyl acetoacetate, formaldehyd
Detection of apoptosis mechanism on renal cancer cell treated by 16,17-dehydrodeacetyl-5α-oleandrin compound isolated from Nerium indicum Mill. Leaves.
Get PDFThe 16,17-dehydrodeacetyl-5α-oleandrin was isolated from an active fraction of Nerium indicum Mill leaves (fam. Apocynaceae). This compound was cytotoxic against various cancer cells, and selective on A498 cells (Renal cancer). However, the apoptosis mechanism was still unknown yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the apoptotic mechanism of 16,17-dehydrodeacetyl-5α-oleandrin on A498 cells by FITC labeled annexin V and immunucytochemical assays. The detection of apoptotic mechanism on A498 cells was performed with FITC-conjugated annexin V using Flow Cytometry. The p53 protein expression were detected using immunocytochemical. Treatment with 16,17-hydrodeacetyl-5α-oleandrin (3.88 x 10-4 mM) using FITC-annexin V increased the percentage of the dead cells in the 24th and 48th hours incubation period. The 16,17-dehydrodeacetyl-5α-oleandrin (1,94x10-4 and 3,88x10-4 mM) raised significanly p53 protein expression (p<0,05). The percentage of the p53 protein expression increased throughout the time of samples incubation.Key words: 16,17-dehydrodeacetyl-5α-oleandrin,fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V, immunocytochemically, A498 cells