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Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity modulates the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone stiffness in European children and adolescents
No full textIt remains unclear how serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations relate to childhood bone health. We hypothesized that 25(OH)D was inversely associated with bone turnover biomarkers and positively associated with bone stiffness. Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from participants (2-15-year-old, 51% boys) from the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-induced Health Effects in Children and Infants Study (IDEFICS)/I.Family cohort, comprising 3,638 serum 25(OH)D measurements collected in 2007-2008 and 2012-2013 across eight European countries. A biomarker of bone formation (serum osteocalcin), a biomarker of bone resorption (serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen [CTx]), and stiffness index measured using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound were considered outcomes. Linear mixed-effects models were used to adjust for confounders (i.e., age, sex, parental education, time spent in sports club, dairy products consumption, sedentary behavior, height and weight z-scores), the cluster effect of country and repeated measurements. Interactions of calcium intake, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and weight status with 25(OH)D on outcomes were tested. Only 1 in 3 participants reached the sufficient 25(OH) D concentration of 20 ng/mL. Sufficient 25(OH)D was associated with higher stiffness index if participants had MVPA ≥60 min/day (β = 12.14, P < .05). Moreover, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with CTx (β = –7.09, P < .05); this association was positive but not statistically significant among primary school children living with overweight/obesity. No interaction was observed for calcium intake. In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D and CTx were inversely associated. MVPA interacted with the positive association between 25(OH)D and bone stiffness, highlighting the importance of promoting MVPA guidelines in future vitamin D and bone health interventions
Reductive Head-to-Head Coupling of Phenylacetylenes in the Coordination Sphere of an Osmium-Polyhydride
No full textComplex OsH6(PiPr3)2 releases H2 at 50 °C. The resulting tetrahydride OsH4(PiPr3)2 promotes head-to-head reductive dimerization of phenylacetylenes to give the 1,4-dibranched-butenediyl derivatives OsH2{η4-[C4H4R2]}(PiPr3)2 (R = C6H5, C6H4–CF3, C6H4–NMe2). DFT calculations suggest that the formation of these compounds proceeds via five-coordinate unsaturated bis(alkenyl)-osmium(II)-(Kubas-type dihydrogen) intermediates, which evolve by alkenyl coupling and H–H cleavage of the dihydrogen. The reactions are sensitive to temperature and the amount of alkyne used. At higher temperatures and excess alkyne, the reductive coupling is accompanied by two dehydrogenation reactions, one at the metal center and the other involving an isopropyl substituent of a phosphine. As a result, mixtures of the dihydrides and Os{η4-[C4H4R2]}(PiPr3){η2-C,C;κ1-P-[(CH2═CMe)PiPr2]}(PiPr3) (R = H, CF3, NMe2) are formed. Both families react with H2 to regenerate OsH6(PiPr3)2 and release the corresponding 1,4-diarylbutane. According to these reactions, 1,4-diarylbutanes have been obtained in approximately 20% yield, by stirring phenylacetylenes with 5 mol % of OsH6(PiPr3)2, in toluene, under 1 atm of H2
Impacto de la terapia dialéctico conductual en el tratamiento del trastorno límite de la personalidad en mujeres jóvenes: implicaciones para enfermería
Get PDFIntroducción:El trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) es una alteración de la salud mental caracterizada por impulsividad, inestabilidad emocional y conflictos interpersonales, con una prevalencia especialmente alta en mujeres jóvenes. La terapia dialéctico-conductual (TDC) ha demostrado ser eficaz en el tratamiento de estos síntomas, especialmente cuando se acompaña de comorbilidades como el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). La implicación del personal de enfermería en este contexto es clave para mejorar los resultados terapéuticos.Objetivos:Analizar la efectividad de la TDC en mujeres jóvenes con TLP y valorar el papel de la enfermería en su implementación clínica.Metodología:Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica basada en la metodología PRISMA. Se consultaron bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y WOS, incluyendo 12 estudios seleccionados según criterios de inclusión y evaluación de calidad del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), con una puntuación igual o superior al 75 %.Resultados:Los estudios revisados evidencian que la TDC disminuye significativamente las conductas autolesivas, mejora la regulación emocional, reduce la hiperactividad límbica y promueve cambios funcionales y estructurales en el cerebro. Además, se destaca el rol fundamental del personal de enfermería en el acompañamiento terapéutico, facilitando la adherencia al tratamiento y proporcionando apoyo emocional continuo.Conclusión:La TDC representa una intervención terapéutica eficaz para mujeres jóvenes con TLP, con respaldo clínico y neurobiológico. La enfermería desempeña un papel esencial como agente de cambio, fortaleciendo la relación terapéutica y contribuyendo a una recuperación integral.<br /
Procesos para la creación de pintura digital en animación por rotoscopia
Get PDFActualmente las posibilidades técnicas para la creación artística digital en el contexto del software de animación es amplio y diverso, habiendo evolucionado especialmente con la integración de procesos generativos mediante inteligencia artificial.
El paradigma cambia el objetivo de estas herramientas que se basaban en ofrecer todo tipo de posibilidades para el desarrollo creativo y artístico en la creación de animación. Sin embargo, entre las posibilidades de automatización de la IA, se está desarrollando un software capaz de utilizar referencias artísticas como fotogramas clave para producir secuencias de animación aplicando el estilo. EbSynth se presenta como un software capaz de producir fotogramas intercalados en secuencias de rotoscopia mediante la interpretación del metraje original, la referencia artística como fotogramas clave para la síntesis de texturas, y el análisis e interpretación de datos mediante algoritmos para ahorrar costes en la producción de secuencias de animación. Esta experiencia de creación trata de aproximar las posibilidades creativas utilizando referencias de pintura digital e ilustraciones para generar animación, reflexionando sobre las posibilidades y problemáticas de esta herramienta a través de cinco casos prácticos
Correlation Analysis of Macular Function and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Following Successful Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery
Get PDFObjectives: In this study, the objective was to assess the correlation between macular function and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness following successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery, as well as the subsequent recovery of visual acuity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 64 eyes from patients with RRD who underwent successful treatment with 23G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), endophotocoagulation and sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6) were included and compared to a control group consisting of 136 healthy eyes. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed on all participants, including assessment of macular sensitivity using macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimetry and pRNFL thickness using DRI-Triton swept-source (SS)–optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: In the RRD group, retinal sensitivity was decreased. The temporal (T) sector of the total retina (TR) protocol was thicker, while the superior (S) and inferior (I) sectors of the pRNFL protocol were thinner. Within the RRD group, positive correlations were observed between the nasal (N), I sectors and total thickness of TR protocol and MAIA inferior outer (IO) sector; the I sector and total thickness of the TR protocol and MAIA inferior inner (II) sector; the I sector of the pRNFL protocol and MAIA IO sector. Negative correlations were shown between the S, T sectors and total thickness of the pRNFL protocol and MAIA central (C) sector; the N sector and total thickness of the pRNFL protocol and MAIA central temporal (CT) sector. Conclusions: RRD leads to a decrease in pRNFL thickness accompanied by reduced macular sensitivity. These changes may be attributed to factors such as the specific location of the RRD, the distribution pattern of the RNFL and the chosen surgical approach
Poder y política de la inteligencia artificial
Get PDFLa irrupción de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa ha suscitado fascinación y temor en los años recientes. En este artículo se argumenta contra la concepción monolítica de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) como una ‘megamáquina‘ de destino inexorable y se denuncia su instrumentalización dentro de un modelo sistémico dominado por intereses corporativos. La IA es una tecnología inserta en relaciones de poder capitalistas que consolidan el extractivismo, la expulsión y el despojo en todas las escalas. El artículo, que sirve de presentación del monográfico ‘Poder y política de la IA’, vol. 22(2), plantea la necesidad de una nueva imaginación política que permita repensar el papel de la tecnología en la sociedad desde una perspectiva emancipadora y democrática
Hyperedge overlap drives synchronizability of systems with higher-order interactions
Get PDFThe microscopic organization of dynamical systems coupled via higher-order interactions plays a pivotal role in understanding their collective behavior. In this paper, we introduce a framework for systematically investigating the impact of the interaction structure on dynamical processes. Specifically, we develop an hyperedge overlap matrix whose elements characterize the two main aspects of the microscopic organization of higher-order interactions: the inter-order hyperedge overlap (nondiagonal matrix elements) and the intra-order hyperedge overlap (encapsulated in the diagonal elements). In this way, the first set of terms quantifies the extent of superposition of nodes among hyperedges of different orders, while the second focuses on the number of nodes in common between hyperedges of the same order. Our findings indicate that large values of both types of hyperedge overlap hinder synchronization stability, and that the larger is the order of interactions involved, the more important is their role. Our findings also indicate that the two types of overlap have qualitatively distinct effects on the dynamics of coupled chaotic oscillators. In particular, large values of intra-order hyperedge overlap hamper synchronization by favoring the presence of disconnected sets of hyperedges, while large values of inter-order hyperedge overlap hinder synchronization by increasing the number of shared nodes between groups converging on different trajectories, without necessarily causing disconnected sets of hyperedges
Xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life in peri- and postmenopausal women
No full textObjective
The menopausal transition triggers hormonal changes that can manifest in oral symptoms such as xerostomia, which can substantially impact women's quality of life. Our study examined the prevalence and severity of xerostomia and its association with menopausal status. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of xerostomia on oral health-related quality of life in peri- and postmenopausal women.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional investigation based on the results of a REDCap survey, involving 3211 women aged between 40 and 90 years. The survey recorded age, menopause status, age at menopause, smoking status, and being treated with xerogenic drugs and included two instruments: the Xerostomia Inventory, used to evaluate the oral symptoms; and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), used to assess the related quality of life. Student's t-test, the chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multivariable logistic and linear regressions were performed for data analysis. Odds ratio (OR), beta coefficient (β), and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess associations.
Results
The global prevalence of xerostomia was 71.2 %. The Xerostomia Inventory score correlated with the OHIP-14 score (r = 0.686; p = 0.000). Smoking was significantly associated with the probability of xerostomia (OR = 1.36; 95 % CI = 1.02–1.82), as were the following OHIP-14 domains: functional limitation (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI = 1.30–1.50), physical pain (OR = 1.17; 95 % CI = 1.06–1.29), psychological discomfort (OR = 1.21; 95 % CI = 1.13–1.29), physical disability (OR = 1.11; 95 % CI = 1.02–1.20), psychological disability (OR = 1.18; 95 % CI = 1.09–1.29), and social disability (OR = 1.15; 95 % CI = 1.01–1.32). There were no significant differences in the probability of xerostomia according to the menopausal status. In women with xerostomia the OHIP-14 score was higher than in women without xerostomia (β = 5.50; 95 % CI = 4.69–6.31).
Conclusions
Peri- and postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of xerostomia. There were no differences in the probability of xerostomia between peri- and postmenopausal women. There was a strong association between xerostomia symptoms and poor oral health-related quality of life
Analysis of starting approximations for implicit Runge-Kutta methods applied to ODEs based on the reverse method
No full textWe consider the application of -stage implicit Runge-Kutta methods to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We consider starting approximations based on values from the previous step to obtain an accurate initial guess for the internal stages of the current step. To simplify the analysis of those starting approximations we compare the expansions of the starting approximation and of the exact value of the internal stages at the initial value of the current step and not at the initial value −1 of the previous step. In particular, for the starting approximation we make use of the
expansion of the reverse IRK method from the initial value of the current step with a negative step size. This simplifies considerably the expression of the order conditions. As a consequence
it allows us to give more general and precise statements about the existence and uniqueness of a starting approximation of a given order for IRK methods satisfying the simplifying assumptions
() and (). In particular we show under certain assumptions the nonexistence of starting approximations of order + 1 for the type of starting approximations considered
Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector
Get PDFIt has been previously advocated that the presence of the daily and annual modulations of the axion flux on the Earth’s surface may dramatically change the strategy of the axion searches. The arguments were based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model which was originally put forward to explain the similarity of the dark and visible cosmological matter densities Ωdark∼Ωvisible. In this framework, the population of galactic axions with mass 10−6 eV≲ma≲10−3 eV and velocity ⟨va⟩∼10−3c will be accompanied by axions with typical velocities ⟨va⟩∼0.6c emitted by AQNs. Furthermore, in this framework, it has also been argued that the AQN-induced axion daily modulation (in contrast with the conventional weakly interactive massive particle paradigm) could be as large as (10–20)%, representing the main motivation for the present investigation. We argue that the daily modulations along with the broadband detection strategy can be very useful tools for the discovery of such relativistic axions. The data from the CAST-CAPP detector have been used following such arguments. Unfortunately, due to the dependence of the amplifier chain on temperature-dependent gain drifts and other factors, we could not conclusively show the presence or absence of a dark sector-originated daily modulation. However, this proof of principle analysis procedure can serve as a reference for future studies