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Recommendations for digital inclusion in the use of European digital public services
Get PDFThis study examines digital public services within the European Union, focusing on digital inclusion and the barriers preventing widespread e-government adoption. A significant knowledge gap exists in understanding the interaction between citizens and digital public services, particularly for vulnerable groups, and in evaluating the impact of regional and sector-specific factors. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, including a systematic review based on PRISMA methodology, a document analysis of the digital and programs of the European Union and the Member States, 33 semi-structured expert interviews, and a survey targeting Spanish intermediate leaders, to explore digital divides in access, skills, and outcomes. Key findings reveal that barriers such as limited digital skills, access to technology, and inadequate service design disproportionately affect the elderly, low-income populations, and those with minimal education. Eighteen recommendations have been proposed, associated to five indicators of the model proposed to evaluate the key dimensions of e- government adoption and digital inclusion: internet access, digital skills, user interaction, social drivers and barriers, and outcomes. The recommendations include, among others, enhancing digital skills through tailored training programs, involving the third sector, simplifying service interfaces, and promoting a hybrid service model combining digital and face-to-face options. The study also highlights gaps in addressing civic participation as part of e- government, suggesting it as a focus for future research. These findings underscore the need for user-centred, context-specific policies to ensure equitable access to digital public services and reduce digital exclusion
Mathematical Model of CAR T-Cell Therapy for a B-Cell Lymphoma Lymph Node
Get PDFCAR T-cell therapies have demonstrated significant success in treating B-cell leukemia in children and young adults. However, their effectiveness in treating B-cell lymphomas has been limited in comparison to leukemia. In this paper we present a mathematical model that elucidates the dynamics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and CAR T-cells in a lymph node. The mathematical model aids in understanding the complex interplay between the cell populations involved and proposes ways to identify potential underlying dynamical causes of treatment failure. We also study the phenomenon of immunosuppression induced by tumor cells and theoretically demonstrate its impact on cell dynamics. Through the examination of various response scenarios, we underscore the significance of product characteristics in treatment outcomes
Nash equilibria in the Showcase Showdown game with unlimited spins
No full textThe game of Showcase Showdown with unlimited spins is investigated as an n-players continuous game, and the Nash Equilibrium strategies for the players are obtained. The sequential game with information on the results of the previous players is studied, as well as three variants: no information, possibility of draw, and different modalities of winner payoff
Las personas defensoras de derechos humanos en la jurisprudencia interamericana
Get PDFDesde hace varias décadas, diversas organizaciones internacionales han venido prestando atención a la situación de las personas defensoras de derechos humanos. La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha resaltado la importancia de las personas defensoras de derechos humanos para los sistemas democráticos y ha insistido en el deber de los Estados de adoptar medidas de protección en su favor. Este artículo se ocupa de tres aspectos principales de esta jurisprudencia: 1) la definición de la categoría de personas defensoras de derechos humanos; 2) la extensión de los derechos de esta categoría; 3) las reparaciones ordenadas en casos de violaciones a esos derechos
Combination of intrusive POD-based reduced-order models and augmented Riemann solvers applied to unsteady 2D shallow water equations
Get PDFThe shallow water equations (SWEs) can be used to model the spatio-temporal evolution of free surface flows. The numerical resolution of realistic problems based on the 2D SWEs by means of augmented Roe-based (ARoe) methods requires the inclusion of certain numerical corrections to avoid non-physical results in presence of irregular topography and wet dry fronts. Besides that, their complex and transient nature involves high computational costs. In this direction, intrusive reduced-order models (ROMs) based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are presented as alternative to speed up computational calculations without compromising the accuracy of the solutions. The main objective of this article is to study whether the inclusion of numerical corrections in the ROM strategy of the 2D SWEs for non trivial situations is necessary to obtain accurate solutions or not, and, if necessary, to present their reduced version. In addition to this, it is proposed to solve problems with Dirichlet-type boundary conditions (BCs) by means of ROMs using a technique whereby the BCs are directly integrated into the on-line phase of ROM solving. The efficiency of the ARoe-based ROM has been tested with respect to the full-order model by comparing their computational cost and the accuracy of their solutions in different numerical cases
Association of ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with sweet and fat food propensity ratios of children, adolescents and adults: the I.Family study
Get PDFPurpose: It is assumed that sensory taste perception shapes food choices and impacts dietary intake. However, this has rarely been studied in free living subjects of different age-groups with standardised methods. The present study investigated the association of the ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with consumption frequency of sweet and fatty foods in children, adolescents and adults from eight European countries. Methods: In total, 461 children, 421 adolescents and 612 adults from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort participated in sensory sweet and fat intensity rating tests. Sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association between the ability to rank sweet and fat intensity with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was estimated using linear mixed regression models adjusting for weight status, country, sex, age and family affiliation. Results: Across all age groups, the largest proportion of participants had medium sweet and fat taste intensity ranking abilities. The next largest proportion had low sweet and fat taste intensity rating abilities, while the smallest proportion had high intensity rating abilities to sweet and fat taste. A negative association of sweet and fat taste intensity ranking ability with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was found for children. In adolescents, the association was positive. In adults, there was no association. Conclusion: It seems that the association of taste intensity ratings with food consumption frequencies during adolescence differs from the associations in children and adults. This could be due to hormonal changes during puberty, growth and maturation. Thus, further research focussing on maturation processes in association with taste perception during adolescence may be required
Analysis of tumoral, stromal and glycolitic markers in the response basal cell carcinoma and Bowen disease to photodynamic therapy in real life
Get PDFBackground: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a widely-used non-surgical treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), actinic keratoses (AK), and Bowen's disease (BD). PDT has high success rates, but various factors, can influence treatment response. This study investigates the clinical, histological, and molecular factors that affect the efficacy of methyl aminolevulinate PDT (MAL-PDT) for BCC and BD. Methods and Patients: Prospective observational multicentric study performed between May 2019 and January 2021 with 64 patients included. Clinical data such as tumor thickness, location, and histological subtype were recorded. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tumor samples to assess the expression of biomarkers including p53, β-catenin, and GLUT1. Results: Tumor thickness was found to be a critical determinant of MAL-PDT response, with thicker nodular BCCs showing reduced response rates compared to thinner, superficial BCCs and BD lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that p53 positivity was associated with better treatment outcomes, while increased β-catenin and cytoplasmic GLUT1 expression correlated with resistance to PDT. On the other hand, the metabolic profile of the tumors indicated that tumors with higher glycolytic activity were less responsive to treatment, therefore, using metformin, a glycolytic inhibitor, as a potential adjuvant therapy to improve outcomes in resistant tumors should be considered. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of personalized approaches in the use of MAL-PDT, tailoring treatment according to tumor-specific characteristics. Biomarkers such as p53, β-catenin, and GLUT1 can serve as predictive tools for PDT response, helping clinicians identify patients who may benefit from alternative or combined treatments to enhance therapeutic efficacy
Alfabetización, justicia judicial e inteligencia artificial
Get PDFEl estudio identifica varias dificultades existentes para implementar eficazmente técnicas de inteligencia artificial (IA) en procesos judiciales. Hechos como la aprobación de normativa, como el Real Decreto-Ley 6/2023 en España, o la implementación de proyectos como Assis en Brasil, resultan insuficientes para que jueces y profesionales del Derecho utilicen estas tecnologías eficazmente. Se destacan varias razones para que tengan lugar las dificultades. (1) Los procedimientos judiciales y las sentencias deben ser aprobados por todos los participantes, incluidos abogados, fiscales y jueces. Es por ello que la atención debe centrarse en el conflicto específico y los textos legales relevantes, no en modelos generados por IA basados en datos pasados, que pueden estar sesgados. Lo que sucede, además, (2) porque las tecnologías de IA no están diseñadas para ayudar en las tareas específicas requeridas por los jueces y otros funcionarios responsables de procesar los procedimientos judiciales. Los procesos judiciales se rigen por estrictas normas constitucionales, procesales y sustantivas que los sistemas de IA no están preparados para manejar sin una supervisión humana significativa. (3) El estudio también hace referencia a experiencias críticas ocurridas en otros países, y a opiniones del Consejo General del Poder Judicial en España que señalan la falta de precisión de la regulación española sobre el uso de la IA en la actividad judicial. Atendiendo a lo anterior el estudio concluye exponiendo que promover el uso de las tecnologías de IA en aplicaciones judiciales requiere no solo la aprobación regulatoria, sino también reformas integrales de las normas existentes, la creación de regulaciones complementarias precisas e incluso la permanente puesta en marcha de adecuadas iniciativas de alfabetización sobre el uso de la IA en el ámbito judicial dirigidas a técnicos, políticos y juristas
Predicting optimal flipping conditions during burger pan cooking with a numerical model
Get PDFThis study analyzes the influence of the number of flips on the cooking performance of burgers by heating contact using results from both experimental test and computational simulation. The analysis employs a previously developed multiphysics model that accounts for heat and moisture transfer as well as product deformation. The turning process was simulated considering two heat sources representing the cooking pan that are alternately activated and deactivated to heat either surface of the product. Furthermore, a set of experiments were carried out to validate the model outcomes recording data of temperature at the center and upper surface of the burger, weight loss, and shrinkage at different number of flips. When performing only one flip, great moisture expelling was observed at the top surface, while multiple flips facilitates moisture retention, reducing cooking losses and shrinkage since it allows for a reduction in cooking time to reach the desired temperature. However, more than five flips do not significantly improve these effects
An Acoustic Description of Aragonese Spanish
No full textThis paper aims to offer a comprehensive acoustic description of Aragonese Spanish. The analysis is based on spoken samples from 25 speakers of Aragonese Spanish. The current study includes an analysis of the phonetic characteristics of vowel, including diphthongs and triphthongs, of consonants and of prosody. Furthermore, the present paper also analyses the allophones of Aragonese Spanish and some phonetic processes, such as spirantization of voiced stops in intervocalic position and vowel nasalization. In the final section, the reader can find a phonetic and phonological transcription of a text. The present paper aims to provide detailed account of the phonetic structure of Aragonese Spanish in order to contribute to our understanding of phonetic variation in Spanish