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Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators
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The Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is an evidence-based program that has been shown to be effective in reducing self-harm behaviors in Correctional Settings (CS). However, there is limited understanding of the contextual factors that impact the implementation of this intervention within such complex environments. A comprehensive understanding of the implementation process is crucial for the successful adoption of this program. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the implementation of the STEPPS program in CS, specifically regarding the management of self-harm behaviors.
Method
A hybrid implementation effectiveness type III study was conducted in penitentiary centers in Catalonia (Spain). Eight Focus Group Discussions based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were conducted with 17 professionals who implemented the STEPPS program. Additionally, quantitative data were gathered using an open-closed questionnaire based on a CFIR questionnaire.
Results
The results indicated that the scientific evidence and knowledge acquired during the implementation process were seen as facilitators. Also, meetings and support from the external research team were considered positive factors. Conversely, implementation barriers of the STEPPS program in CS included the complexity of the intervention format and the mobility of inmates between modules and centers during the duration of the program.
Conclusions
These findings represent the first attempt to address self-harm behaviors within CS while considering the implementation process. They provide valuable insight into adapting evidence-based interventions, such as STEPPS, for implementation in CS
Quantification of the anterior–centripetal movement of the ciliary muscle during accommodation using dynamic OCT imaging
Get PDFPurpose:
Although the lens undoubtedly plays a major role in presbyopia, altered lens function could be in part secondary to age-related changes of the ciliary muscle. Ciliary muscle changes with accommodation have been quantified using optical coherence tomography, but so far these studies have been limited to quantifying changes in ciliary muscle thickness, mostly at static accommodative states. Quantifying ciliary muscle thickness changes does not effectively capture the dynamic anterior centripetal movement of the ciliary muscle during accommodation. To address this issue, we present a method to quantify the movement of the ciliary muscle during accommodation using trans-scleral optical coherence tomography images obtained dynamically.
Methods:
An image processing framework including distortion correction, geometric transformation, and Procrustes analysis, was used to quantify the anterior–centripetal movement of the ciliary muscle apex and centroid during accommodation. The method was applied in a preliminary study to quantify ciliary muscle displacement and its relation to lens thickness change with accommodation on two young adults and two prepresbyopes.
Results:
The magnitude and the direction relative to the pupil plane of the apex/centroid displacement in response to a two diopters (2D) stimulus were 0.16/0.20 mm at 11.3°/30.5° and 0.26/0.34 mm at 6.6°/33.2° for the young adults and 0.20/0.20 mm at 29.7°/40.6° and 0.24/0.40 mm at 33.0°/31.7° for the prepresbyopes, respectively.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the feasibility of quantifying dynamic anterior– centripetal movement of the ciliary muscle during accommodation using optical coherence tomography. The method better captures the functional response of the muscle
than the quantification of thickness changes.
Translational Relevance:
We provide a method that holds potential to better understand the age-related changes of the ciliary muscle on presbyopia
Wavelength-induced modifications of thermoelectric properties of laser-textured Bi2Sr2-xBaxCo2O8 ceramics for sustainable energy generation
No full textBa-doped Bi2Sr2-xBaxCo2O8 samples have been directionally grown using the Laser Floating Zone technique using two different lasers, leading to significant differences between the samples. Powder XRD patterns revealed that the major phase in all samples is the thermoelectric one, without notable differences with the type of laser. On the other hand, microstructure studies showed significant differences between Nd:YAG and CO2-grown samples. Use of CO2 laser promoted a reduction of secondary phases content and a higher grain alignment. Furthermore, Ba-doping further decreases the secondary phases content and increases grain alignment. The electrical resistivity was affected by the different microstructures, being lower for the CO2-grown samples, reaching the lowest values at 650 °C in 0.125Ba-doped samples, 12.8 mΩ cm, which are among the best reported in the literature. However, S is maintained practically unchanged independently of the laser and composition. As a consequence, PF values mainly depend on the electrical resistivity and, consequently, the highest values at 650 °C, 0.22 mW/K2m, have been achieved in 0.125Ba samples textured with CO2 laser. These values are around the best ones presented in the literature for this material. Additionally these textured materials possess the advantage of avoiding the typical machining processes which are necessary in bulk materials for their integration into thermoelectric modules. These characteristics may enhance the interest on these materials in order to be used in practical devices to help their use to produce affordable, reliable and sustainable energy for all mankind
Enhanced thermoelectric properties in Bi2Sr2-xBaxCo2Oy via doping and texturing for integration in more efficient thermoelectric generators
No full textBi2Sr2-xBaxCo2Oy (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) thermoelectric samples have been sintered, and textured through the laser floating zone process using a Nd:YAG laser. Powder XRD studies showed that the thermoelectric phase is the major one in all cases, with higher amount of secondary phases in the textured ones due to their incongruent melting. Microstructural characterization revealed a drastic microstructural modification in the textured samples, when compared to the sintered ones, producing much larger and well oriented grains along the growth direction. These characteristics led to lower electrical resistivity in textured samples, reaching the minimum at 650 °C (14.8 mΩ cm) in 0.125Ba-doped samples, which is lower than those typically reported in this system. On the other hand, no significant variation in Seebeck coefficient has been found between the samples. This behaviour is associated to the isovalent doping which does not modify the charge carrier concentration in the material, and the highest values at 650 °C (166 μV/K) are in the order of the reported in the literature. As a consequence, power factor values are mainly driven by the electrical resistivity values, leading to the highest values at 650 °C in 0.125Ba-doped textured samples (0.19 mW/K2m) due to their lowest resistivity. These values are higher than the reported for textured materials and in the order of the best reported for this compound in bulk form. All these properties, together with the possibility of the direct integration of these compounds in thermoelectric modules, make them very attractive for practical applications ensuring access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for all
Transparencia y coordinación: así se gestiona una crisis pública de manera eficaz
No full textLa gestión de crisis públicas como las de las danas sufridas en España hace unas semanas es una materia compleja en la que una adecuada organización resulta clave. Esto incluye recomendaciones tanto generales como concretas, según la etapa de desarrollo de la crisis
Position-sensitive domain-by-domain switchable ferroelectric memristor
Get PDFDomain-wall electronics based on the tunable transport in reconfigurable ferroic domain interfaces offer a promising platform for in-memory computing approaches and reprogrammable neuromorphic circuits. While conductive domain walls have been discovered in many materials, progress in the field is hindered by high-voltage operations, stability of the resistive states and limited control over the domain wall dynamics. Here, we show nonvolatile memristive functionalities based on precisely controllable conductive domain walls in tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films within a two-terminal parallel-plate capacitor geometry. Individual submicron domains can be manipulated selectively by position-sensitive low-voltage operations to address distinct resistive states with nanoampere-range conduction readout. Quantitative phase-field simulations reveal a complex pattern of interpenetrating a- and c-domain associated with the formation of 2D conducting layers at the intertwined regions and the emergence of 3D percolation channels of extraordinary high conductivity. Subnanometer resolution polarization mapping experimentally proves the existence of such extensive segments of charged tail-to-tail domain walls with unconventional structure at the ferroelastic-ferroelectric domain boundaries
Are sport and exercise science students receiving enough training to adequately design exercise programs for patients with cancer, overweight, or obesity in Spain? A comprehensive archival and survey analysis of 52 spanish universities
Get PDFObesity and cancer are two of the most significant global public health concerns worldwide. Exercise in preventing and managing these diseases has become a prominent area of research, and BSc sport and exercise science (SES) graduates are among the professionals involved in designing exercise programs for these populations. The aims of the present study were (1) to quantify the number of teaching hours focused on exercise in patients with cancer or overweight/obesity and (2) to collect perceptions of SES teachers of whether these hours are enough to prescribe exercise to these populations adequately. An online survey was sent to 97 university teachers from 58 different institutions in Spain offering the sport and exercise sciences degree. The survey included questions designed to ascertain the number of hours lectured on the topics of exercise and cancer or overweight/obesity. Additionally, it aimed to gather teachers’ perceptions of how prepared students were to work with these populations. Seventy-six teachers (representing a 78% response rate) from 52 different centers (representing 88% of the centers) completed the survey. The teachers reported an average of 8.7 class hours dedicated to exercise and cancer and 17.1 class hours dedicated to exercise in patients with overweight/obesity. Teachers expressed low satisfaction with the number of class hours allocated to cancer education (2.2 points out of 5) and a neutral response regarding the allocation of hours to overweight/obesity (3.1 points out of 5). The findings of the current study suggest that Spanish SES students may be receiving a limited amount of instruction in the area of exercise prescription for patients with cancer and overweight/obesity. Although the curriculum is explicitly dedicated to training SES students, teachers believe that additional training in specific exercise prescription for people with cancer would enhance SES qualifications
Perspectivas motivacionales en las etapas formativas del fútbol base: una revisión de alcance (Motivational perspectives in the formative stages of grassroots soccer: a scoping review)
Get PDFIntroducción y Objetivo: La siguiente revisión sistemática analiza los climas motivacionales en el fútbol base, enfocándose en cómo diferentes enfoques motivacionales por parte de entrenadores, padres y el entorno influyen significativamente en la motivación, compromiso, rendimiento y bienestar de los jóvenes futbolistas durante su desarrollo.
Metodología: Este estudio sigue las directrices PRISMA para la recopilación y síntesis de la literatura existente. Se buscan publicaciones entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2024 en PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus, utilizando términos como fútbol base, clima motivacional, entrenadores, familias y jugadores. Se incluyen 27 artículos de los 265 identificados, categorizados en 4 dimensiones sobre los climas motivacionales: jugadores (25.93%), entrenadores (33.33%), familias (3.70%) y triángulo deportivo (37.04%).
Resultados: Los resultados subrayan la complejidad del clima motivacional en el fútbol base, destacando la influencia de los entrenadores y de las familias en el desarrollo del jugador.
Discusión: Un clima orientado a la tarea se asocia con mayor motivación autodeterminada y satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, mientras que un clima orientado al ego puede aumentar la ansiedad competitiva.
Conclusiones: Se enfatiza la necesidad de abordar este fenómeno de manera multidimensional, involucrando a todos los actores del entorno deportivo destacando la importancia de realizar futuras investigaciones para profundizar en los mecanismos subyacentes y evaluar los efectos a largo plazo de los climas motivacionales en el rendimiento y bienestar del niño
Magnetic fabrics of weakly-deformed mudrocks from the Jaca-Pamplona basin (Pyrenees); new constrains on the sensitivity of magnetic fabrics and the tectonic evolution of the Southern Pyrenees
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The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a sensitive marker for studying the spatial and temporal evolution of orogens. In weakly deformed rocks deposited in compressive contexts the AMS signal mostly reflects the preferential alignment and deformation of paramagnetic phyllosilicates during early layer parallel shortening (LPS) related to both near and/or far-field structures. Moreover, localized deformation and post-depositional shearing in the vicinity of thrusts can alter early LPS fabrics. An AMS analysis of 651 samples was conducted along two stratigraphic sections, Izaga and Berdún (2800 m-thick), in the Jaca-Pamplona basin (Southern Pyrenees). The sampled sections record the tectonosedimentary evolution of the basin from the Late Lutetian to the Middle Priabonian. In both sections, the magnetic fabric is controlled by LPS. The lower and upper part of the Izaga section shows triaxial to oblate and oblate ellipsoids, respectively, which are interpreted to indicate a decrease of tectonic activity associated to the Larra thrust system. The Berdún section begins with oblate ellipsoids, which subsequently become triaxial and prolate before returning oblate towards the top of the succession. Ellipsoids in the lower part of the section exhibit an incipient girdle between the minimum and intermediate axes, which signal an undetected thrust, further corroborated, by structural analysis. The remainder of the Berdún section shows a magnetic fabric derived from LPS but it is not possible to associate it to any structure. The uppermost part of the section displays prolate ellipsoids, which we link to enhanced tectonic activity leading to continentalization of the basin
From the 4Ns to the 3Ns. Reliability and validation studies of the Spanish-adapted Carnism Scale
No full textCarnism is an ideology that supports meat consumption using arguments known as the three Ns: natural, necessary, and normal. Subsequently, the argument of'nice' was added to these Ns, so the 3Ns became the 4Ns. The primary objective of this study was to improve the Spanish version of the 4N Scale, the most widely used scale to measure this conception of carnism, in terms of theoretical fit and psychometric properties based on a first adaptation of the 4N Scale to the Spanish context. This study explored the suitability of different 3N-based models to determine the best theoretical framework to measure carnism. This work consisted of two parts: Study 1 (n = 300), which tested different models in terms of theoretical structure and psychometric properties of the 4Ns, and Study 2 (n = 455), which validated the best model of Study 1 and explored a second-order factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed in both studies and the results showed that the 4N model, which had methodological issues, would be improved if only natural, necessary, and nice dimensions were used. The findings suggest that, even though Normality is an essential aspect of understanding the ideology of carnism, we discuss the rationale behind why Normal dimension in the carnism measurement is not appropriate