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Editor's Introduction
Get PDFBernhard Waldenfels is certainly one of the leading representatives of the contemporary philosophical tradition with a phenomenological orientation. His scientific education, his intellectual background and his very rich range of publications, many of which have been translated into the major languages, characterise him as a significant heir to the great German philosophical tradition, which he has enlivened in creative contact with contemporary thought, of which he is an acknowledged protagonist..
Modi di vedere
Get PDFWithin a short period of time, two authors belonging to the realism genre published two novels focused on living with the artificial creature: Ian McEwan with Machines like Me and People like You, 2019, and Kazuo Ishiguro with Klara and The Sun, 2021.With these works, the authors tackle a range of ethical and existential issues that recur in the debate between philosophy, computer science, and bioengineering. Both come from a literary output that reveals interests in science and its related ethical implications, but not strictly framed in the science fiction genre. This essay sets out to interpret the two novels from a comparative perspective, and through the analysis of the narrative strategies adopted, particularly the point of view, aims to illuminate the different meanings that the representation of the artificial creature expresses in contemporary times.A breve distanza di tempo, due autori appartenenti al filone del realismo hanno pubblicato due romanzi incentrati sulla convivenza con la creatura artificiale: Ian McEwan con Machines like Me and People like You (Macchine come me e persone come voi, 2019), e Kazuo Ishiguro con Klara and The Sun (Klara e il sole, 2021). Con queste opere i due scrittori affrontano una serie di questioni etiche ed esistenziali che ricorrono nel dibattito tra filosofia, informatica e bioingegneria. Entrambi provengono da una produzione letteraria che rivela interessi verso la scienza e le implicazioni etiche a essa connesse, ma non inquadrabili strettamente nel genere della fantascienza. Questo saggio si propone di interpretare i due romanzi in una prospettiva comparata e, attraverso l’analisi delle strategie narrative adottate, in particolare il punto di vista, mira a illuminare i diversi significati che la rappresentazione della creatura artificiale esprime nella contemporaneità
L’empatia nell’Inferno. Una Brigata studentesca commenta Dante
Get PDFThe following article is a review of a project conceived and realized by a group of undergraduate students who attend classes at the Faculties of Arts, Literature and Philosophy of the University of Cagliari. The group decided to stage two performances, which featured the interpretation of some Cantos taken from Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy, followed by a commentary.The shows were named Tra odio e amore: commento d’una Brigata a Inferno V e XXXIII e Dante in foresta: commento d’una Brigata a Inferno XIII e XXVI.La recensione è dedicata al progetto di un gruppo di studenti e studentesse universitari - provenienti dalle facoltà triennali e magistrali di Beni Culturali, Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università di Cagliari - che ha deciso di cimentarsi nell’interpretazione e nel commento di alcuni canti dell’Inferno dantesco attraverso la messa in scena di due spettacoli: Tra odio e amore: commento d’una Brigata a Inferno V e XXXIII e Dante in foresta: commento d’una Brigata a Inferno XIII e XXV
“Justice is Dead”
Get PDFEurope in the 16th and 17th centuries was characterized by extreme violence. In his course at the Collège de France, Il faut défendre la société (1974/1975), M. Foucault has argued that the birth of the modern state, through the juridico-political theory of sovereignty, and Hobbes-style contractualism and Leviathan, falsely closed the problem. He offers an alternative based on counter-history, but disdains many of Montaigne 's materials that could reinforce his thesis.Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was characterized by extreme violence. In his course at the Collège de France, Il faut défendre la société (1974/1975), M. Foucault has argued that the birth of the modern state, through the juridico-political theory of sovereignty, and Hobbes-style contractualism and Leviathan, falsely closed the problem. He offers an alternative based on counter-history, but disdains many of Montaigne 's materials that could reinforce his thesis
Copy or Doubling?
Get PDFThe question I intend to address here concerns the ontological status of the Doppelgänger (the Double). “Who” is the Double? How is it connected to our lives, and to other lives? I would like to describe, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the ambiguity of this figure, which has been interpreted in art and literature as a copy of the original or as a doubling of the self. Drawing on Waldenfels’s reflections on the experience of the alien, I will try to show that the intrinsic ambiguity of the Doppelgänger is rooted in an ambiguity that is even more original than that of the Double: the ambiguity of our own life, which is always intertwined with that of others, with what is alien. What makes us to some extent radically alien even to ourselves and, precisely for this reason, “founded” on our very “groundlessness” is our relational, contextual or responsive freedom.The question I intend to address here concerns the ontological status of the Doppelgänger (the Double). “Who” is the Double? How is it connected to our lives, and to other lives? I would like to describe, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the ambiguity of this figure, which has been interpreted in art and literature as a copy of the original or as a doubling of the self. Drawing on Waldenfels’s reflections on the experience of the alien, I will try to show that the intrinsic ambiguity of the Doppelgänger is rooted in an ambiguity that is even more original than that of the Double: the ambiguity of our own life, which is always intertwined with that of others, with what is alien. What makes us to some extent radically alien even to ourselves and, precisely for this reason, “founded” on our very “groundlessness” is our relational, contextual or responsive freedom
The Time Enigma
Get PDFThe essay aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the theoretical and aesthetic interpretation of Claude Debussy's musical work by Vladimir Jankélévitch, while simultaneously delineating how and why the phenomenon of Debussysm emerges as an innovative and revolutionary style, if compared to the previous tradition. The text discusses the potential relationships between philosophical Phenomenology and musical Impressionism, highlighting - also through the concepts of mystery and instantaneity - how the philosopher reads in the composer's music the emergence of a vision of reality centered on the punctuativity of events.The essay aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the theoretical and aesthetic interpretation of Claude Debussy's musical work by Vladimir Jankélévitch, while simultaneously delineating how and why the phenomenon of Debussysm emerges as an innovative and revolutionary style, if compared to the previous tradition. The text discusses the potential relationships between philosophical Phenomenology and musical Impressionism, highlighting - also through the concepts of mystery and instantaneity - how the philosopher reads in the composer's music the emergence of a vision of reality centered on the punctuativity of events
Bisanzio nel Baltico. La pittura a Gotland tra XI e XII secolo
Get PDFThis essay considers the artistic testimonies with a Byzantine background preserved on the island of Gotland in Sweden. The focus is on some fragments of painted wooden boards, preserved after the demolition of the stave churches of Eke, Sundre, and Dalhem, dating to the end of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th. Then, the attention is directed to the painted mural decorations of two still-existing churches, Garde and Källunge, which were realized in the second half of the 12th century. The aim is to shed new light on a particular Scandinavian context that, with all probability, corresponds with the Northernmost outpost of Byzantine artistic propagation in the medieval West.L'intervento prende in considerazione le testimonianze artistiche a carattere bizantino conservatesi sull'isola di Gotland, in Svezia. Verranno analizzati i frammenti lignei dipinti sopravvissuti alla demolizione delle stavkirker (chiese lignee a pali portanti) di Eke, Sundre e Dalhem, databili tra la fine dell'XI secolo e l'inizio del XII. Si passerà, poi, all’esame delle pitture murali in due chiese in pietra tuttora esistenti: quelle di Garde e di Källunge, risalenti alla seconda metà del XII secolo. Ci si pone, dunque, l’obiettivo di gettare nuova luce su un particolare contesto scandinavo, che con tutta probabilità coincide con il limite più settentrionale del raggio di diffusione artistica bizantina nell'Occidente medievale
Variazioni neoliberali del risentimento
Get PDFOver the last thirty years, the social sciences have returned to reflecting on the role of the ‘sad passions’ – envy, anger, resentment – in defining the characteristics of the individual and the relational dynamics that characterise global society increasingly. But what is resentment? What phenomena does it describe today? If Nietzsche had defined resentment as the ethos of the weak and excluded, providing a means of explaining even today’s conflicts centred on identity claims, for many analysts resentment is rather the ethos of thode privileged who were ‘dethroned’ by neoliberalism, producing an imbalance in the traditional hierarchy of status which western society was built on. This is the hypothesis made by Wendy Brown when situating the emergence of resentment in the failure of the neoliberal project.Negli ultimi trent’anni, le scienze sociali sono tornate a riflettere sul ruolo delle “passioni tristi” - l’invidia, la rabbia, il risentimento - nella definizione delle caratteristiche dell’individuo e delle dinamiche relazionali che connotano sempre più la società globale. Ma cos’è il risentimento? Quali fenomeni descrive, oggi? Se Nietzsche aveva definito il risentimento come l’etica dei deboli e degli esclusi, fornendo uno strumento di spiegazione anche degli odierni conflitti incentrati su rivendicazioni identitarie, per molti analisti il risentimento è piuttosto l’ethos dei privilegiati che l’epoca neoliberale ha “detronizzato”, producendo uno squilibrio nella tradizionale gerarchia di status su cui era stata edificata la società occidentale. È questa l’ipotesi da cui muove Wendy Brown per situare l’emersione del risentimento nel fallimento del progetto neoliberale
Utopia agreste e distopia sociale in Los santos inocentes di Miguel Delibes: dal romanzo al film (1981-1984)
Get PDFTaking advantage of the principles maintained by Thomas More in Utopia (1516) and by Erasmus of Rotterdam in In Praise of Folly (1511), this essay analyzes some topics and stylistic features of one of the hardest and most pessimistic novels by the great Castilian writer Miguel Delibes (Valladolid, 1920-2010), that is to say, Los santos inocentes (1981). The text is set in the isolated and underdeveloped countryside of Extremadura during the middle 1960s, and deals with a harsh contrast: on the one hand, the positive protagonist, the madman, and animal-like Azarías, who lives in close contact with pristine nature (symbolized by birds), while on the other hand his masters, represented by the cynical «señorito Iván», exert a tyrannical, dystopic power on Azarías and his family, based on a medieval idea of property. The final part of the essay studies the significant influence that the novel’s topics and structure have over the excellent film adaptation produced by Mario Camus in 1984.Attingendo agli assunti sostenuti da Tommaso Moro in Utopia (1516) e da Erasmo da Rotterdam in Elogio della pazzia (1511), la comunicazione analizza alcuni aspetti tematici e stilistici di uno dei romanzi più forti e pessimisti del grande narratore castigliano Miguel Delibes (Valladolid, 1920-2010), Los santos inocentes (I santi innocenti, 1981). Il testo – ambientato nella campagna isolata e arretrata dell’Extremadura, a metà anni Sessanta del XX secolo – si impernia, infatti, da un lato sul culto di un contatto ideale con la natura incontaminata (simboleggiato dagli uccelli), appannaggio del protagonista positivo, lo scimunito e animalesco Azarías, e dall’altro, sul potere tirannico, distopico, che i padroni, rappresentati dal cinico «señorito Iván», esercitano su di lui e la sua famiglia, ancorati come sono a una visione feudale dello sfruttamento della terra. L’ultima parte dell’intervento si occupa dei significativi riflessi semantici e formali che, osservati anche dalla prospettiva di indagine citata, il romanzo proietta sull’eccellente adattamento filmico realizzato da Mario Camus nel 1984
Sprache und Wirklichkeitsentwürfe bei Marica Bodrožić. Sterne erben, Sterne färben und Das Wasser unserer Träume als Fallbeispiele
Get PDFThis essay delves into the intricate interplay between language and identity in selected works by the German-language intercultural author Marica Bodrožić. Focusing on metaphor usage and embedded layers of meaning, the study examines identity representation in Sterne erben, Sterne färben. Meine Ankunft in Wörtern and Das Wasser unserer Träume. The study strives to uncover the author’s use of language as a tool for identity construction while generating metaphoric alternatives to reality.Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem komplexen Zusammenspiel zwischen Sprache und Identität in zwei Werken der deutschsprachigen interkulturellen Autorin Marica Bodrožić. Mit einem Fokus auf Metapherngebrauch und eingebettete Bedeutungsebenen untersucht der Aufsatz die Identitätsreflexion sowie die Wirklichkeitsentwürfe in Sterne erben, Sterne färben. Meine Ankunft in Wörtern und Das Wasser unserer Träume. Die Studie zielt in diesem Sinne darauf ab, den Sprachgebrauch durch die Autorin als Werkzeug zur Identitätskonstruktion sowie zur Gestaltung metaphorischer Alternativen bzw. Wirklichkeitsentwürfe in Betracht zu ziehen