Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
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Prospecting Marine Natural Products as the Disease-Modifying Treatment of Alzheimer’s Diseases
Get PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe and high costs health problem all over the world. To date, there is no therapy capable of curing AD, making drug discovery a challenging and intriguing field to explore. Targeting marine natural products (MNPs) as a source of drug leads is a suitable choice considering the content of bioactive compounds and promising pharmacological benefits. This article aims to look at MNPs with prospects in several prime targets in AD pathology to cure AD. Marine vertebrates (fishes), marine invertebrates (sponges, tunicates, ascidian, clams, scallops, sand dollars, crabs, cockle, sea cucumber, shrimp, bryozoa, marine worm), algae/seaweed, and marine microorganisms (marine fungi, bacterium, dinoflagellata, microalgae) can be potentially used as disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for AD. By targeting multiple aspects of AD pathology, these MNPs offer a multifaceted approach to treating and potentially modifying the disease course. This result is an intriguing gap for researchers in the discovery and development of new drugs that can improve AD pathology
Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Leaf Essential Oil L., DC
Get PDFSembung leaf essential oil is a complex mixture in the form of oily yellow liquid with a unique aroma. It contains various volatile components that have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oil Blumea balsamifera L., DC against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation of essential oil using steam distillation method with 0.21% rendement. Inhibition activity was performed by test tube method with variation concentrations of essential oil were 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% for each bacteria. Results of this study showed that the highest antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli at 80% concentration with an inhibition zone diameter of 27.53 mm, 100% concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an inhibition zone diameter 25.72 mm and 100% concentration for Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter 27.31 mm. Essential oil from (Blumea balsamifera) L., DC leaves have a strong activity inhibition category against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Potential of Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from Eco-Enzyme with the Addition of Cow Feces Starter
Get PDFEco-enzyme solutions are generally used in the manufacture of disinfectants, floor cleaners, liquid fertilizers, preservatives and others. In this study, eco-enzyme was used as the main ingredient in the manufacture of biogas fermentation with the addition of cow feces as an additional starter in the fermentation. The aim of this study was to determine the content of CH4, CO2, N2, pH, temperature, and pressure in eco-enzyme fermentation with the addition of cow feces starter. Â his research is a quantitative research with the type of experimental research as well as direct observation data collection techniques and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the treatment that produced the highest methane (CH4) gas was the P5 treatment with a concentration of 2.889%. 6,1. The highest volume pressure value was produced in the P5 treatment which was 70 ml. Nitrogen gas (N2) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2), the concentration of nitrogen gas (N2) from reactor P0 - P4 is in the range of 95.875-99.669 % and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) from reactor P0 - P4 is in the range of 0.237 - 4.125 %
Physicochemical, Antimicrobial, Lethality and In Vitro Antioxidant Profiles of Johnu Tisane: A Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Leaf Decoction Formula
Get PDFCoffee leaves-based tea has relevance in ethno-medications due to its rich phyto-constituents-related diverse pharmacologic activities. Jonhu tisane, a typical Coffea arabica leaf decoction has no supporting scientific basis amidst reported location, processing and specie-related variations. This investigated physicochemical, antimicrobial, lethality and in-vitro antioxidant profiles of Johnu tisane by acceptable methods. Results recorded moisture (92.26 %), ash (0.65 %), unsaponified matter (1.46 mg/100 g), free fatty acid (0.56 mgKOH/g), acid value (1.12 mgKOH/g), potential hydrogen (6.85), lethal concentration (1000 ppm) and concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity. Anti-oxidation results revealed total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and 2, 2-diphynyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities increased concentration-dependently compared to standard. Thus, Johnu tisane demonstrated low minerals and keeping quality; requisite physicochemical mix for consumption and bioactivity; high safety margin; antimicrobial potency; and requisite anti-oxidation capacity for in-vivo antioxidant role. These provided scientific support for its ethno-medicinal uses. They underscored the need to elucidate its pharmacologically active compounds; mechanistic roles in animal models; and the impact of ash to moisture mix variation on potential hydrogen, microbial and antimicrobial activities in relation to shelf life, bioactivity and in vivo anti-oxidative roles for novel insights on preserving sample quality, safety, bioactivity and in-vivo anti-oxidative outcomes
Effect of Mixing Time Variation and Framing Time on the Quality of Coffee Grounds-based Solid Soap
Get PDFThe increase in public consumption of coffee has resulted in an increase in wasted coffee grounds. Coffee grounds have good content for the skin, so they can be reused as a basic ingredient in soap-making. In the soap making process, the mixing and framing stages can affect the quality of the soap. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing time of 24.5 minutes, 25 minutes, and 25.5 minutes as well as framing time of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days on the physical and chemical quality of solid soap made from coffee grounds. The physical quality parameters observed are colour, texture, cracking, and foam power. The chemical quality parameters are foam stability, pH, moisture content, and free alkali. The method used was the questionnaire method followed by statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test for physical quality tests and the experimental method followed by statistical analysis using the Two-Way ANOVA test for chemical quality tests. The results showed that all variations in mixing time and framing time had an effect on the physical and chemical quality of solid soap and there were significant differences. The panellists assessed the physical quality of the soap to be attractive, hard, with no cracks, and foamy, while the results of the chemical quality test, the soap produced is safe to use by the quality standards of solid soap with a foam stability range of 82%-97%, pH 10.3-11.8, moisture content 6%-14%, and alkali free 0.03%-0.09%
Effectiveness Test of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Fractions of Bidara Leaf Extract (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) on Wound Healing in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Get PDFBidara (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) contains alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and the best antioxidant properties of its leaves. In bidara leaf, they are antibacterial, antiviral, and antiseptic, play a role in cell regeneration and repair, so they are effective in wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bidara leaf extract fractions on incision wounds and determine which fraction was more effective in narrowing the incision wound. Making wounds on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) using the Morton method, by making an incision on the back with a diameter of 2 cm. Testing the effectiveness of fractions in wound healing with rabbits divided into 5 groups, namely positive control, negative control, methanol fraction (MeOH), ethyl acetate fraction (Ethac), and chloroform fraction (CHCl3) with a dose of 100 mg/KgBB rabbit in 1 ml of solvent. The diameter of the wound area was measured using the Macbiophotonic Image J program, and the data were analyzed using One Way Anova (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test. The results of data analysis using the ANOVA method with a significant value of 0,004 (p<0,05). The conclusion of the results of the research conducted for 8 days shows that the MeOH, Ethac, and CHCl3 fractions of bidara leaf extract have the effectiveness of wound healing in rabbits with differences in healing shown by the Ethac fraction with a better effect than the MeOH and CHCl3 fractions
Preparation of Ni/Bentonite Acid-Activated using Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) As a Reductor for One Pot Synthesis of Menthol
Get PDFNi/Bentonite is acid-activated has been synthesized using dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a reductor through an impregnation method. This research aims to characterize Ni/Bentonite acid-activated using dragon fruit peel extract as a reductor based on FTIR and XRD instruments and to analyze the product obtained in one pot synthesis of menthol from citronellal using Ni/Bentonite acid-activated catalyst. Preparation of Ni/Bentonite acid-activated catalyst was carried out using a wet impregnation method with dragon fruit peel extract as a natural reductor. The successful synthesis of Ni/Bentonite acid-activated was confirmed by FTIR spectrum identification, showing absorptions at wavelengths of 1049.28 cm?¹ and 694.37 cm?¹, indicating Si-O groups in the bentonite, and XRD diffractogram indicating the presence of Ni at diffraction peaks of 2? = 40.5° and 2? = 47.74°. The catalyst was able to convert menthol by 0.77% through one pot synthesis without using H? sources such as potassium formate
Antiepileptic Potential of Justicia insularis Leaf Extract in Swiss Mice
Get PDFEpilepsy is a prevalent neurological condition characterized by repetitive seizures, necessitating the exploration of efficacious treatments. Justicia insularis, a plant with a historical use in treating convulsions and epilepsy, has garnered attention as a potential antiepileptic agent. This study aimed to investigate the antiepileptic properties of Justicia insularis leaf extract, focusing on generated seizure models in mice. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), specifically one-way ANOVA, was utilized to assess the statistical significance of the data. Seizure models were employed to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of Justicia insularis leaf extract. The p-values obtained from the one-way ANOVA were significant, with values of ap<0.005, bp<0.01, and cp<0.001. These results suggest the statistical significance of the observed effects in the seizure models. This study provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of Justicia insularis leaf extract as a treatment for epilepsy. The significant findings underscore the importance of further research into the use of natural medicines for managing epilepsy, potentially offering new avenues for treatment
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 12 No. 2 October 2023
No full textTesting Antibacterial Activity of Daun Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) Leaf Extract against Escherichia coli in Vitro
Get PDFEscherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that causes infectious diseases in the digestive tract and can produce Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), including lipid A. Exposure to endotoxins in lipid A, can cause systemic effects, such as sepsis, which can lead to clinical manifestations and even death. Daun Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) is one of the herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria. The aim of this research is to determine the effective concentration of daun kentut leaf extract to inhibit E. coli growth. This study is an experimental research using maceration extraction method and antibacterial disc diffusion method with 3 repetitions at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, negative control (aquadest), and positive control (ciprofloxacin) conducted from March to April 2023 in the Microbiology Laboratory of Kadiri University. The observation results of inhibition zones in each treatment varied. The presence of these inhibition zones is due to the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in daun kentut leaf extract that have antibacterial activity, such as inhibiting protein synthesis mechanisms, causing damage to cell wall permeability, and ultimately leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. The statistical analysis using the One Way Anova test with a P-value of 0.05 shows that each variable has significant differences and effects. Thus, it can be concluded that the effective extract variation is the 100% concentration because, in this study, the 100% concentration has an inhibition zone of 26.72 mm and is classified as very strong in inhibiting E. coli bacteria