Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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KAJIAN PENURUNAN Ca DAN Mg DALAM AIR LAUT MENGGUNAKAN RESIN
Get PDFSalt is one of the most important thing in our daily life. Salt witch produce by farmer to consumed used haven’t the quality of salt ingredients. The aim of this research is to enchange the quality ofsalt ingredient from sea water by using ion exchange methode. The sea water from storage tankflow to ion exchange column with flow rate certain. Resin Dowex -50 weight 1000 gr is used inthis research .Product from resin column analyzed each hours. The flow rate and contact time are varied . Early consentration from sea water : Ca2+ : 253.8 mg/l and Mg 2+ : 1079.4 mg/ l. Theresult show that contact time in the resin column are very important in Ca and Mg ions reduction.,there fore the velocity ( debite ) needs to be measured to quaranty that the contact time hasproduce the massiv procentage amount. Reduction of Ca ion good relative at flow tae 5 l/ hour at5 hours , the consentration Ca ion is 53.11 %. For Mg ion , consentration reache 43.69 % at flowrate 10 l/ hours. Key words :sea water, resin, ion exchange
HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH SACCHARIDES FROM SWEET POTATOES USING ENZYME
Get PDFGlucose is a monosaccharide that is widely available in fruits, and plants obtained throughthe hydrolysis of starch saccharides using enzymes. Sweet potato starch hydrolysis is run by threeneckflask equipped with a stirrer. At stage Liquifikasi, three neck flask inserted into a solution ofstarch which has been set temperature and pH plus HCI and heated, then added α-amylase enzymein a certain time.Saccharification second stage, where the results liquifikasi cooled, set thetemperature and pH on certain conditions. Giukoamilase enzyme is then added to the volumeaccording to the specified variable, and incubated at a given time. At a certain time interval wastaken a few examples of the analyzed samples to be analyzed glucose levels. Process behaviorobserved in this study were changes in temperature, hydrolysis time and the addition of enzymes,the best hydrolysis results obtained at 60 0C, pH 4.5 and the addition of the enzyme glucoamylase,07 ml and the time hidrilisis 5 days with glucose levels reaching 5.65% and conversion yield of66.8% and 22.59%.Key words: Sweet Potato Starch, Liquifikasi, sakrifikasi, glucos
SIMULASI PEMISAHAN SISTEM BINER DENGAN DISTILASI BATCH SEDERHANA
Get PDFA simulation on separating binary system has been studied to investigate the temperature and liquid compositions profiles in the bottom changing with time. By having temperature and liquid compositions profiles in the bottom, one can find whether the binary mixture forms azeotropes or zeotropes mixtures. Antoine equation has used to calculate saturated vapour pressure at atmospheric pressure. The activity coefficient was calculated using UNIQUAC. Forward finite-difference was used to get the calculated value of the bottom still composition at a given time starting from a given initial composition of binary system. Several initial values of the composition binary system had been chosen to complete liquid compositions in the bottom. The results showed that the temperature profiles of acetone-n-butanol and ethanol-n-butanol binary system have differences characteristic from acetone-ethanol binary system. Those can be seen from activity coefficient profile. The results showed that the binary system formed zeotropes mixture, without having any azeotropes mixtures of its components. The results simulation on separation binary system has been validated with hydrocarbon binary system benzene-toluenemixture
CITRONELLAL FROM CITRONELLA OIL BY WAY OF VARYING THE MIXING VELOCITIES AND THE ADDITIONS OF SODIUM BISULFITE
Get PDFAt present the efforts to develop the cultivation of citronella oil has been given special attentionby the Indonesian Government. From various kinds of volatile crop kinds, one that is potential to bedeveloped is fragrant lemon grass. The fragrant lemon crops, fragnant lemongrass, which is a grasscrop which belongs to the group called Cymbogon nardus, is one that has great potensial to bedeveloped, The Technology used to produce volatile oil consist of 3 methods: pressing, solventextraction, and distillation. This research aims is to isolation Citronellal from Citronella Oil. In thisresearch the method used was refining the vapour and the water, followed by isolating citronellal fromcitronella oil and adding natrium bisulfite solution. This addition was aimed at acquiring the maximumlevel of citronellal that could be used as an active material for termiside or bakterial medicines. Theresearch result showed that the best quality of citronella was acquired when the Natrium Bisulfiteaddition was 20 gram, and the mixing velocity 150 rpm, producing 40.26% level of geraniol with adensity of 0,8867 gram/ml.Key words: Isolation, Natrium Bisulfite, Cymbopogan Winterianus, Sitronella
HIDROLISIS BATANG PADI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER
Get PDFGlucose is usually known as a source of energy for organisms. Fermentation of glucose canproduce many useful products such as ethanol, which can be used for renewable energy source,replacing fuel oil. Glucose can be derived from many foodstuffs such as cassava, yam, grass,wheat, potato, corn, etc. Such foodstuffs contain polysaccharide that can be hydrolyzed intoglucose. Rice straw is one of natural waste materials with high cellulose content which can beutilized for glucose production to avoid competition with foodstuff needs. In this research diluteacid hydrolysis of rice straw is investigated using slurry concentration of 30% w/v. The effects of temperature (70, 85, 100oC), sulfuric acid concentration (0.3; 0.6; 0.9 %v/v), and particle size ofrice straw (8, 10, 20 mesh) on the reducing sugar yield are observed. In this research, the resultshows that the increase of set temperature will increase the final reducing sugar concentration.The decreasing size of the rice straw will increase the reducing sugar concentration. The higherthe sulfuric acid concentration the higher reducing sugar concentration will be. The maximumcondition obtained from this research is at the set temperature of 100oC, sulfuric acidconcentration of 0.9 %v/v, and size of rice straw of 20 mesh (0.841 mm). This condition willproduce 1.1583 gram/liter of final reducing sugar concentration with 38.61 mg/g of yield
PENGARUH METODE PENCUCIAN PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYA JARAK PAGAR
Get PDFThe aims of this study is to know the effect of washing method in quality of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas oil through transesterification process and to find out the chemical and physical properties of biodiesel that appropriate with ASTM standard 6751. The operating variables are : washing methods (aeration, spray and agitation); time of washing (0; 0,5; 1; 2 hours) The experiment conducted in 1 liter round bottom flask equipped with waterbath and temperature controlled. Firstly, a certain quantity of Jatropha curcas oil, methanol, and KOH catalysts ared determined. Then, KOH catalyst is diluted into methanol and introduce to reactor containing 500 ml jathropa oil. The tempearture was fixed at 60oC and the agitaion 200 rpm. The reaction transesterification process held during 1 hour. The Product of reaction is cooled untill two layers are formed. Upper layer is methyl esther of fatty acid and lower layer is glycerol. After that, upper layer is separated from lower layer and wash with pure water according to the operating variabels. The methyl ester obtained is characterized to obtain some physical properties at PT Pertamina UPPS V Laboratory. The results shows that the methods of washing not significanly influence, but the time of washing have a sligtly effect in properties of Biodiesel. Key words :Biodiesel, Washing, Jatropha curcas oil
EKSTRAKSI DAN STABILITAS WARNA UBI JALAR UNGU SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI
No full textUse sintetic colouring agent for food and baverage not safe, because in most of sintetic colouringagent contain dagerous metal. Because of that to have need to found natural colouring agent.The potential natural colouring agent is anthocianin from purple potato sweet. Anthocianin wasextracted with mixture organic solvent (water, ethanol and acetic acid) in defference proportion.The purpose of this research is to found the optimum proportion of solvent for extractionanthocianin from purple sweet potato and to know stability colour was extracted. This researchtwo step : one step was extracted anthocianin with mixture organic solvent water, ethanol andacetic acid (5:1:25; 10:1:20; 15:1:15; 20:1:10 dan 25:1:5). Design in this research is RandomDesign with 1 factor, data from experiment analisis with ANAVA and DMRT. Two step was teststability colouring agent from exchange of pH, sugar solutin, salt solution, temperature heating,time heating and for aplikation to made jelly and agar-agar. The result on one step research showthat the optimum organic solvent for extracted anthocianin was 5:1:25 (water:aceticacid:ethanol), with pH solvent 6,80 and polarity 32,77 was produce highest concentration ofanthocianin 1,3170 mg/100gr. The result on two step research show that anthocianin from purpleKey word: Sweet potato, Extracted, natural colouring agent, Ipomoea batatas L.potato sweet more stable at pH acid that pH basic, stable at sugar solution until 50 %, stable atsalt solution until 8 %, stable at heating until 80 °C, stable at heating until 60 menit, and sable formade jelly and agar-agar
KAJIAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI ELEKTROPLATING YANG EFISIEN
Get PDFDalam rangka menurunkan biaya investasi dan operasiona llimbah industri elektroplating diperlukan pengkajian terhadap berbagai teknologi pengolahan air limbah industri elektroplating. Pada penelitian ini teknologi pengolahan air limbah untuk industri elektroplating yang dikaji adalah Proses Kimia-Fisik dengan Teknologi Tangki Berpengaduk aliran kontinyu dan Proses Pertukaran Ion dengan Teknologi Unggun Diam (fixed bed).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu proses dan teknologi pengolahan air limbah industri elektroplating yang efisien dilihat dari segi biaya operasionalnya, serta kualitas air hasil pengolahan yang memenuhi standar Baku Mutu Air Limbah.Penelitian dengan proses kimia-fisik menggunakan bahan kimia ferro sulfat (FeSO4) sebagai reduktor, natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dan kalsium hidroksida (Ca(OH)2) sebagai presipitat (bahan pengendap). Variabel proses pada kombinasi ferro sulfat-natrium hidroksida : Derajat keasaman (pH) : 5, 7, 9, 11, dan 13, sedangkan pada kombinasi ferro sulfat-kalsium hidroksida : derajat keasaman (pH) : 5, 7, 9 dan 11 serta laju alir air limbah : 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ml/menit.Penelitian dengan proses pertukaran ion menggunakan resin kation sebagai penukar ion logam berat bermuatan positif (Cr+3, Cu+2, Zn+2, Pb+2 dan Cd+2), dan resin anion penukar ion logam berat bermuatan negatif (Cr2O7-2 dan CN-). Variabel proses : berat resin kation dan anion : 500, 750, 1000, 1250 gram, volume air terolah : 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 dan 200 liter serta pengujian terhadap resin yang telah diregenerasi dengan mempergunakan larutan natrium hidroksida 5% berat.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses kimia-fisik dan pertukaran ion dapat menurunkan konsentrasi ion logam berat air limbah industri elektroplating hingga dibawah nilai baku mutu air limbah, pada proses kimia-fisik kondisi terbaik pada pH 9 dan laju alir 400 ml/menit, biaya operasional dengan kombinasi ferro sulfat-natrium hidroksida sebesar Rp 7.150/m3, ferro slufat-kalsium hidroksida Rp 51.500/m3, waktu tinggal tangki reduksi : 24 menit, tangki presipitasi 22 menit dan clarifier 1,5 jam.Pada proses pertukaran ion jika resin dipergunakan sekali dalam operasional, biaya operasionalnya Rp 250.000/m3, tetapi jika resin dipergunakan berulang-ulang dengan regenerasi biaya operasional Rp 1250/m3. In order to decrease the investation and operational cost of electroplating industry waste, study on various kind of electroplating industry waste water treatment technology is needed. In this research, the studied waste water treatment technology for electroplating industry was Physic-Chemistry Process conducted with the technology of Continuous Stream Tank with Stirring Rod and Ion Exchange Process with Fixed Bed Technology.This research aimed to yield an efficient electroplating industry waste water treatment technology and process measured from it’s operational cost aspect, and also the quality of treatment product water which meets Waste Water Quality Standard.Research was conducted with physic-chemistry process using FeSO4 as reductor, NaOH and Ca(OH)2 as precipitator. Process variables at FeSO4-NaOH combination : acidity degree (pH) : 5, 7, 9, 11, dan 13; at FeSO4-Ca(OH)2 combination : acidity degree (pH) : 5, 7, 9, dan 11, and waste water flow velocity : 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ml/minute.Research was conducted with ion exchange process using cation resin as ion exchanger for heavy metal with positive ion (Cr+3, Cu+2, Zn+2, Pb+2, and Cd+2), and ion exchanger anion resin for heavy metal with negative ion (Cr2O7-2 and CN-). Process variables : the weight of cation and anion resin : 500, 750, 1000, 1250 gram, the volume of processed water : 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 litre, and testing over resin which had been regenerated using NaOH solution with 5% weight.The result of research showed that physic-chemistry process and ion exchange could decrease the concentration of electroplating industry waste water heavy metal ion down to the quality standard amount of waste water, at physic-chemistry process with the best condition at pH 9 and flow velocity 400 ml/minute, operational cost with FeSO4-NaOH combination as much as Rp 7.150/m3, FeSO4-Ca(OH)2 Rp 51.500/m3, reduction tank left time : 24 minutes, precipitation tank 22 minutes and clarifier 1,5 hours.At ion exchange process if resin was used once at operational, the operational cost was Rp 250.000/m3, but if resin was used repeatedly with regeneration then the operational cost was Rp 1250/m3
PENENTUAN KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN MASSA LIQUID SOLID DALAM KOLOM PACKED BED DENGAN METODE ADSORPSI
Get PDFProses perpindahan massa sangat penting dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan teknik. Perpindahan massa terjadi pada komponen dalam campuran berpindah dalam fase yang sama atau dari fase satu ke fase yang lain karena adanya perbedaan konsentrasi.Salah satu jenis kolom yang popular adalah Packed Bed yang merupakan suatu silinder panjang, biasanya berdiri tegak dan berisi “packing” yang diam di dalamnya. Karena penggunannya yang sangat luas, maka diperlukan lebih banyak lagi informasi dan study untuk memperkirakan koefisien perpindahan massa dalam kolom “Packed Bed”.Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam sistim Adsorpsi dengan menggunakan karbon aktif lokal sebagai adsorbennya dan larutan Asam benzoat sebagai adsorbatnya, kolom bed dengan diameter 63 mm, dan tinggi partikel 40 cm. Laju alir cairan sebesar 10 ml/s sampai 30 ml/s pada konsentrasi awal yang berbeda-beda antara 0.01 sampai 0.03. Hasil penelitian ini harga konsentrasi keluarga akan semakin kecil dengan semakin naiknya kecepatan liquida dengan konsentrasi awal tetap, sehingga harga koefisien perpindahan massa (kLa) antara 0,03287- 0,03390 s-1 atau semakin besar dengan semakin besarnya kecepatan alir liquida pada konsentrasi awal tetap. The process of mass transfer is very important in the field of technical science. Mass transfer occurs when the component in the mixture moves in the same phase or from one phase to another because of concentration difference.One of the column types which is quite popular is packed bed which shape is silinder like. Usually it can keep on erecting when we put the packing in it. Because the wide use of packed bed, more information and study about the coefficience of mass transfer in the column of packed bed are needed.Research was conducted by implementing the adsorption system with the local active carbon as it’s. A absorber and acid solution of benzoat as its and adsorbat, the packed bed with its diameter 63 mm and the height of particle 40 cm. The dilution rate of different flow is reaching 10 m/s to 30 ml/s with the starting concentration between 0,01 to 0,03.The result of the research showed that the concentration value would become smaller as the liquid rate in creased with constant starting concentration. So that the coefficient value of mass transfer was between 0,03287-0,033905-1 or became greater as the liquid rate was increasing with constant starting concentration
PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DENGAN METODE PENGGARAMAN
Get PDFPalm Oil represent oil of vegetation yielded from coconut krenel. Pursuant to sour content of fatpalm oil is classified into sour oil of laurat. Because the sour content laurat is biggest of ( 44 – 52%)compared to acid of other fat. Virgin Coconut Oil represent palm oil of made purification from flesh of fresh coconut processed without warm-up, so that the important content in oil remain to be defensible. Method of Research run by enhancedly salt CaCOFrom result of research indicate that the best condition got at an addition of salt of CaCO3 equal to 4 gramin day with amount of oil which got as much 69,907 gram with acid contents of laurat equal to 46,23 ( 0,1,2,3,4 gram) into cream of coconut mink 200 gram,then swirled and hushed during ( 2,3,4,5,6 day). Afterwards the oil taken and analysed the sour content of laurat.Keyword: VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil), Salting metho