Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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KINETIKA ADSORPSI WARNA LIMBAH TEKSTIL DENGAN ABU SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN TAWAS
No full textAbu sekam padi (ASP) mengandung lebih dari 90 % silika (SiO2). Silika merupakan suatusenyawa yang dapat dipakai sebagai adsorben. Al2(SO4)3 merupakan senyawa yang menyebabkandestabilisasi didalam air sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai zat yang menyebabkan terjadinyaikatan hidrogen. Pada limbah cair tekstil, zat warna yang terlarut didalam air dapat diserap olehASP. Agar proses adsorpsi berlangsung cepat maka perlu ditambahkan reagen.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ASP dalam menyerap warna dalamlimbah tekstil. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan oleh kinetika adsorpsi dari ASP tersebut. Metodepenelitian mengunakan regresi linier untuk menentukan konstanta adsorpsinya. Variabel yangdiperiksa adalah volume reagen, berat ASP dan waktu pengadukan yang digunakan untukmenghitung konstanta laju adsorpsi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar berat ASP, semakin besar konstantaadsorpsi dan semakin besar volume reagen semakin besar konstanta adsorpsi. Efektifitas adsorpsiditunjukkan oleh konstanta adsorpsi yang paling tinggi yaitu pada volume reagen yang terbanyak(7,5ml ) dan penambahan ASP paling banyak (20 gr )Kata kunci : abu sekam padi, adsorpsi, tawas, warn
ANALISA TRANSFER MASSA DISERTAI REAKSI KIMIA PADA ABSORPSI CO2
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to study mass transfer in CO2 absorptions a packed column for nonisothermal reversible reactions. The study was developed experimental and simulation co2 with air andpotassium carbonate solution is the matter used in this research.The arrangement counter current packed column to which a CO2 – air mixture flow is feed from the bottomand potassium carbon from the top of column.The work of simulation developed with microscopic mass and energy balance in column.The effect of flow absorbent and K2CO3 concentration is study do to percent CO2 removal. The results is;in range flow 3-5 l/mm have 10 % diviasi and range flow : 5-7 l/mnt was have deviasi in range 10-30 %Key words :mass transfer, absorption, non-isothermal, packed colum
PENINGKATAN KADAR BIOETANOL DARI KULIT NANAS MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM DAN BATU KAPUR
Get PDFThe use of zeolite and limestone as an adsorbent in an attempt to improve the purity of bioethanol from pineapple rinds. Sugar content contained in pineapple rinds is only about 8% so it is still very little bioethanol produced. Of the fermentation process of pineapple rinds juice with Saccaromyces cereviceae and ethanol distillation process obtained the highest levels of only 3.9%. With the distillation repeated for three times the concentration of ethanol does not increase, it is necessary for an alternative method is to purification other adsorption processes. Adsorbents used in this study is the natural zeolite and limestone obtained from the southern city of Malang. The results showed that the ethanol content increased to once passed through the zeolite adsorbent and limestone. Activation treatment, both physically and chemically strongly influences the adsorption process. Key words : adsorption, bioethanol, lime stone, zeolit
VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM (VLE) WATER-ETHANOL FROM BULRUSH FERMENTANTION
Get PDFLiquid-vapor equilibrium date need in separation process for example distillation, extraction,absorbsi processes, binary system or multi component system. Be inside Liquid-vapor equilibriumdate can be used for strenght what is mixture faundation azeotropic or zeotropic mixture. For canbe Liquid-vapor equilibrium date ethanol-water, generaly used raw material wich pro analitic (pro analitic ethanol), In research will example for used raw material wich technical that isbulrush fermentation yield wich already distillation (technical ethanol). This research can beliquid-vapor equilibrium date binary system ethanol-water, verification of eksperiment yield withliterature date, and can be temperature date in distilate and in bottom binary system ethanolwater.Research used device of Still Othmer Glass, raw material ethanol wish used that istechnical and pro analitic with variable of ethanol feed composition that is 0 ; 0.2 ; 0.4 ;0.6 ;0.8 ;1(mol fraction) and constant pressure 300 bar. Ethanol yield wich used analysis usedspectrofotometer pharo 100. From yild research wich used, than liquid-vapor equilibrium datebinary system ethanol-water direction azeotropic point at ethanol composition 0.98 mol fraction,and date wish used can be used in calculation at distilation, extraction, absorbsi processes.Keywords : Azeotropes, fermentation, bulrush, binary system
PRODUCTION PROCESS OF LIQUID FERTILIZER FROM BANANA TRUNK
Get PDFBanana a plant that many grow in Indonesia. Utilization of banana mostly just takes the fruitand leaves, while the trunk of banana has not been much used. The existence of Ca, P and K in bananatrunk, then the banana trunk can be used as alternative raw material for the production of liquidfertilizer. Produce liquid fertilizer from banana trunk done with the extraction process using a processtemperature of 700C and stirring speed of 240 rpm. Results from the extraction process to analyzelevels of Ca, P and K. Where available Ca content: 16.2% weight, P content: 30.05% weight and Kcontent: 21.5% weight with volume 600 ml of solvent and 15 minutes of stirring time.Key words: banana, liquid fertilizer, extraction. , alternative fertilize
BIODIESEL FROM AVOCADO SEEDS BY TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS
Get PDFThe existence of Biodiesel as an alternative fuel from year to year has decreased quantity and will become lessand less because of rising demand. One source of biodiesel raw materials are seeds Avocadot.Seeds Avocadois still not utilized for other products, and avocado seeds contain fatty acid methyl esters of 71.715% asmaterial for biodiesel. The aim of this research is to make biodiesel from avocado seed oil so it can be used asalternative diesel fuels and also take advantage of avocado seed in order to have a high value in order to beprocessed into biodiesel. Operating conditions used was 10 ml volume of oil, transesterification temperature ±60 ° C, NaOH to oil weight ratio of 1% and stirring speed 600rpm. Also, studies conducted on the oil to methanolmole ratio 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12 and with a variation of 5, 20, 35, 50 and 65 minutes. Peneliatianresults show that biodiesel meets the standard avocado seed oil as an alternative fuel in Indonesia because ithas a value of flash point between 130 ° C to 240 ° C and has a pour point value between -2 ° C to 9 ° C.Keywords: Seeds of avocado, transesterification, biodiesel
THE USE OF WILSON EQUATION, NRTL AND UNIQUAC IN PREDICTING VLE OF TERNARY SYSTEMS
Get PDFThere binary pairs of aceton-butanol, aseton-ethanol, n-butanol-ethanol and ternary pairs ofaceton-butanol-ethanol have been measured under atmospheric pressure. The equipment used forthis experimental work was the Modified Glass-Othmer Still. The analyses performed with aShimatzu gas chromatograph. Thermodynamic consistency of the observed binary VLE areconfirmed by the area test, which show that the experimental data of all of binary systems arethermodinamically consistent. The observed activity coefficients are correlated with the Wilson,NRTL dan UNIQUAC equations. The binary interaction parameters in each equation aredetermined by using the Gaussian technique, where the sum of squares of deviation in excessGibbs energy is minimized. The Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC equation agree well with theexperimental data, except that the NRTL equation has second parameter different from theproposed value. The ternary VLE for aceton-butanol-ethanol system is calculated by using binaryinteraction parameter of Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC obtained from three pairs binaryexperimental data. The ternary experimental data were also compared with those predicted byadopting the Wilson, NRTL dan UNIQUAC models. Based on these deviations, the Wilson modelseems to be the potential candidate to be used to predict the VLE ternary mixture for those system.Keywords : VLE, Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUA
TEKNOLOGI HEMAT ENERGI UNTUK PRODUKSI
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to calculate energy consumption at ectractive distillation process with saltsand solvent mixture as entrainer to produce fuel grade alcohol (>99.8%w). This process used twocolumn, the main exctractive column and the recovery column. A substantial reduction in the energyconsumption, compared with conventional process, was predicted by using ethylene glycol and salts isNaCl, K2CO3 and CaCl2 2CO3 : 0.05 g/ml or CaCl2 Key words : fuel grade alcohol, extractive distillation, solvent mixture0.75 g/ml or NaCl : 0.13 g/ml, at reflux ratio 1.5.as entrainer. Solvent and feed volum ratio (S/F) are varied in the range 0.3 – 1.4 , concentration salts in solvent are varied in the range 0.03 – 0.55 g salt / ml solvent and refluxratio 0.5 – 2.5. The results show that high S/F ratios increase the energy consumption, temperature ofthe solvent has important effect on distillate composition and energy consumption, this effect dependson the reflux ratio. Effect of salts show that when salts concentration increases, distillate compositionand energy consumption also increase. For distillate composition > 99.8%w, the lower energyconsumption Q = 821 KJ/kg and number of stage 36 (35% lower than conventional process) reachedin S/F ratio 0.9,
MSG WASTE BIOMASS CONCENTRATION ON MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR SUBMERGED
Get PDFThe combination of submerged membrane bioreactor (BRMt) and activated sludge is onealternative that can provide a solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect oforganic load on the performance of the combination of activated sludge and membranesubmerged, know the effect of microorganism concentration on the performance of thecombination of activated sludge and membrane submerged. Membrane bioreactor Awash (BRMt)used has concentration of biomass to be used is 15,000 mg / L, 20,000 mg / L and 25,000 mg / L,and COD concentration of MSG wastewater used was 10,000 mg / L and 15,000 mg / L. CODload successfully diremove average for each variation of the COD load of up to 98%. Inwastewater treatment using membrane processes, fouling is one of the obstacles that can interferewith the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor, so that by the backflushing andbackwash is to help improve the performance of membrane separation process in the processing ofthe waste. This is indicated by the analysis results that meet the standard of quality standardsbased on the Liquid Waste Kep. Gub No.45 of 2002.Keywords: wastewater, waste MSG, submerged
PEMUCATAN MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH MENGGUNAKAN ARANG AKTIF
Get PDFCrude Palm Oil, CPO, is a strategic commodity that has economic value, because it is a main raw material to manufacture a variety of food consumer products. CPO is the most produced edible oil in the world. The purpose of this research were to find an alternative adsorbent of bleaching earth, i.e. activated carbon, and to test the ability of activated carbon as bleaching agent in the bleaching process of CPO. This research was involving, the activation process of carbon, degumming process of CPO with the addition of phosphoric acid, bleaching process with activated carbon, and analysis to the palm oil produced. In this study, bleaching process carried out at temperature variations of 90, 100, 110, and 120 oC, and variations of the activated carbon’s concentration at 3, 4, and 5% (by weight) for 30 minutes. Based on this research, the activated carbon has potential as alternative adsorbent for bleaching process of CPO with bleaching power of 93% at the bleaching temperatute of 120 oC and concentration of activated carbon by 5% (by weight). In this bleaching process conditions, after degumming process, the resulted palm oil have the brightness level of 40 mg/L Pt, acid value of 5,66 mg KOH/g, phosphor content of 3,31 ppm, and water content of 0,06% (by weight). Keywords : activated carbon, bleaching, concentration of adsorbent, palm oil, temperature