Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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MODEL MATEMATIK PENGERINGAN LAPIS TIPIS WORTEL
Get PDFDrying is one of the most significant method in food preservation. This study was conducted to investigate mathematical models of thin layer drying of carrot slices. The kinetic of thin layer drying of carrot slices was experimentally investigated in a hot air convective dryer. Crank solution for difusion in slab model for drying in thin layer were used to predict the drying profile. Drying characteristic of carrot slices were determined using air at 50 oC , 60 oC, 70 oC and 80 oC at air linier velocity 0.4167 m/s. The result showed that before material deformation was taken place the Crank solution model was suitable for long- periode drying. Key words: carrot, drying, mathematical mode
Pengaruh Katalis Asam (H2SO4) dan Suhu Reaksi pada Reaksi Esterifikasi Minyak Biji Karet
Get PDFBiodiesel productions, generally, use transesterification reaction with base as a catalyst. Thus reaction process will be need raw materials oils in high grade quality. Oils with high content of free fatty acids are not suitable for base-catalyzed transesterification reaction. Because of the difficulty of separation process for purify biodiesel or methyl ester from its mixture in the end of the processes. Rubber seed, until now, still underutilized specially in Indonesia which is has an abundant amount of rubber plantation. Rubber seed contain 40-50%-w of oil, which is potentially use as a raw material for biodiesel production. Use an edible oils, unexpensive materials would be minimized the biodiesel production cost in order to produce high quality of biodiesel with competitive market price. Biodiesel production process which is using rubber seed oil high free fatty acid content as a raw material should be decrease the free fatty acids level in to 2%-FFA orless via esterterification methode. Following with transesterification, afterwards. This research desiged to investigate the effects of catalyst amounts (H2SO4) and temperature reaction of esterification methode. Experiment results show that increasing on temperature reaction would be decresed free fatty acids content. 0,5%-w of acid catalyst amount decreased free fatty acids contents rapidly. There are 1,57% and 1,33%-FFA in 120 minute reaction time, 55 oC and 60oC temperature reaction respectively. For others amount of acid catalyst (0,25%, 1%, and 2%-w), thedecresed level of free acid content were work slowly. Respectively, 3,91; 3,16; and 2,62%-FFA for 0,25%, 1%, and 2%-w of acid catalyst amounts. Esterification reaction conditions: 60oC and 0,5%-w of H2SO4 given the higher FAME content. Keywords : biodiesel, acid-catalyzed transesterification, Hevea brasiliensis, rubber seed oil, basecatalyzed transesterification.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH NILAM UNTUK PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK
Get PDFWaste of the distillation of pogestemon cablin still havet high nutrient content and potentialas a good raw material of organic fertilizer . Rapid composting technology and efficient organicfertilizer will produce high quality compost. This study aim to determine the best conditions in termsof fermentation time 6,10,14,18,22 day and volume of bacteria (EM4): 2,4,8,10% EM4/solution wereadded to the N, P, K most in the process of making liquid fertilizer to use waste leaves the distillationof pogestemon cablin of N, P and K respectively 10.6% weight, 1.19% and 3.08% heavy weight andthe volume EM4 8% and the fermentation time of 14 days.Key words : pogestemon cablin, fermentation, ,liquid organic fertilizer, nitrogen,kalium, phospo
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH NILAM UNTUK PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI
Get PDFWaste of the distillation of pogestemon cablin still havet high nutrient content andpotential as a good raw material of organic fertilizer . Rapid composting technology and efficientorganic fertilizer will produce high quality compost. This study aim to determine the bestconditions in terms of fermentation time 6,10,14,18,22 day and volume of bacteria (EM4):2,4,8,10% EM4/solution were added to the N, P, K most in the process of making liquid fertilizerto use waste leaves the distillation of pogestemon cablin of N, P and K respectively 10.6% weight,1.19% and 3.08% heavy weight and the volume EM4 8% and the fermentation time of 14 days.Key words : pogestemon cablin, fermentation, ,liquid organic fertilizer, nitrogen,kalium, phospo
STABILIZER CONCENTRATION AND SUCROSE TO THE VELVA TOMATO FRUIT QUALITY
Get PDFTomato is a plants that easy to find and is rich in vitamins C, A, minerals, fiber and phytonutrientssubstances. The benefits of a tomato is can be used as a extra flavor for food, sauces, candied dried, juice, totreat digestive disorders, diarrhea, and can also be used in the beauty industry. In general, tomato susceptibleto damage caused by several factors such as physiological factors, physical, microbiological and chemical sothat such damage can lead to a decreased quality and economic value. To reduce such damage one of thealternatives is using tomato as a raw material in the manufacture of Velva Fruit. Velva Fruit is a kind offrozen food ice cream made from fruits and has an advantage for it low fat level because it isn’t using milk fatand contain lots of fiber and vitamin C. The method is using tomato that has been sorted, washed, blanching,and crushed with blender. Then the tomato juice was mixed with Sucrose, citric acid and stabilizer (CMC).Dough mixture is then cooled at 4 ° C for 24 hours and performed freezing (Hardening) for 24 hours at 10°C.Key words: Velva fruit, tomatoes,vitamin, C, vitamin A, phytonutrients substance
REDUCING ION Pb CONCETRATION IN ELECTROPLATING WASTE WATER WITH BIOSORPTION PROCESS AND STIRRING
Get PDFThis research aim to know the influence of stirring process to the capability of Phanaerochaete chrysosporiumto absorb heavy metal ions of Pb (II) in electroplating waste water. The methods of this researchstarting by developing and treatment of Phanaerochaete chrysosporium and then this biomass wascontacted with waste water that contain of Pb (II)in the stirring variable is 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 rpm andin the biomass consentration is 1,2 and 3 (mg/lt). After contacted 150 minute the result has analyzed byAAS. From the analyzed the metal ion of Pb(II) was known and then the analysis of data was done bycomparing the process before contacted and after contacted. From this research get that the optimimprocess is in 200 rpm, the number of adsorption metal ion of Pb(II) was increasing until 200 rpm, and inthis condition the optimum adsorption reach 66,79%.Keyword : Biosorption, stirring, waste water electroplating
ANALISA TRANSFER MASSA DISERTAI REAKSI KIMIA PADA
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to study mass transfer in CO2 absorptions a packed column for nonisothermal reversible reactions. The study was developed experimental and simulation co2 with air andpotassium carbonate solution is the matter used in this research.The arrangement counter current packed column to which a CO2 – air mixture flow is feed from the bottomand potassium carbon from the top of column.The work of simulation developed with microscopic mass and energy balance in column.The effect of flow absorbent and K2CO3 concentration is study do to percent CO2 removal. The results is;in range flow 3-5 l/mm have 10 % diviasi and range flow : 5-7 l/mnt was have deviasi in range 10-30 %Key words :mass transfer, absorption, non-isothermal, packed colum
BIOETHANOL FROM PINEAPPLE PEEL WITH SACCHAROMYCES CEREVICEAE MASS AND FERMENTATION TIME VARIATION
Get PDFoai:ejournal.upnjatim.ac.id:article/76As a waste from pineapple, pineapple peel still contains high carbohydrate and glucose.The aim of this study was to made bioethanol from pineapple peel with variation fromSaccharomyces cereviceae mass addition and fermentation time variation. The variablesused are Saccaromyces cereviceae mass 20, 30, 40 grams, fermentation pH 4 and 5,andthe length of fermentation time 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The analysis of the obtained resultsshowed: the initial glucose level of pineapple peel extract 8.5325%, the highest levels ofglucose from fermentation was 8.4275%, at the addition of 30 grams Saccaromyces cerevisiae,length of fermentation time was 2 days, and the highest levels of bioethanol was3.965%, it was acquired on the addition of 30 grams Saccaromyces cerevisiae and lengthof fermentation time 10 days. The conclusion of this study is the addition of Saccaromycescerevisiae and the length of fermentation time give a significant effect on the bioetanolproduced from pineapple peel extract.Key words: bioethanol, saccharomyces cereviceae, pineapple pee
BIOETHANOL FROM COFFE PEEL WASTE WITH FERMENTATION PROCESS
Get PDFWhen coffee is processed, 35% of it is in the form of coffee peel waste which is a source oforganic materiali and has high levels of cellulose and is available in abundance in Indonesia, sothat can be harnessed to become bioethanol. As anlternative energy fuel, bioethanol which hashigher oxygen to content (35%) to fuel, burns moreperfectly, it also has higher octane value(118)and contains lower CO emissions 19-25%, and thus it is more environmentally friendly. Theprocess of producing bioethanol from coffee peel waste is carried out by hydrolyzing the wasteinto glucose using H2SO4 catalyst and HCl. Afterwards glucose is fermented into bioethanol usingthe bacterium Zymomonasmobilis. By implementing the variables of fermentation time, and theconcentrations of Zymomonasmobilis stater. Research shows that coffee peel can be used as analternative to produce bioethanol the process of hydrolysis and fermentation, the best resultsbeing obtained at a concentration of 11% starter and fermentation time of 7 days producebioethanol as much as 51.02% having the content 38.68% levels.Key words: Bioethanol, Fermentation, Hydrolysis, Coffee peel waste
PHOSPHAT ACID AND FLOCCULAN ADDED IN JUICE SUGAR CRYSTAL PROCESS
Get PDFThe level of the requirement would sugar increased continued each year, in line with thegrowth and the development of the inhabitants as well as technology in Indonesian. To overcomethis lack, a part from with did import sugar was also done by the increase in the sugar industrycame from palm juice sugar. Palm juice sugar was the only main raw material in the productionof crystal sugar for the moment. For produced clear palm juice with the better quality, then mustbe paid attention to by the age, the maturity, the kind, the freshness from the sugar cane croppersonally. The aim of this research was to look for the alternative to the replacement from theprocess sulfitasi that uptil now was worn the sugar factory and to know the optimal condition fromclear palm juice by seeing the dose floculan in accordance with the condition that was undertaken.The process of his research of being raw palm juice was increased lime milk until the alkalinecondition and was heated until the temperature 100 oC, After wards was added by use phosphateacid as the condition that was determined and floculan in accordance with the variable that wasundertaken. Further was bent, refined and analysed. Best results were obtained palm juice withthe increase in phosphat acid the dose 80 mg/l and without floculan that is 91.37 oS; whereas forthe analysis of the content phosphat, turbidy, the colour and the content of the lime were 31,8 mg/l,14,8 mg/l, 2749 ICU, 483 mg/l that is in the increase in the dose of phosphate acid 80 mg/l andfloculan 2 mg/l.Keywords :Phosphat acid, floculan, palm juice sugar