Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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ADSORPTION OF DETERGENT IN WATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORBENT IN THE FLUIDIZED BED COLUMN
No full textThis research aims to study the effect of liquid flow rate and bed height on mass transfer coefficient in theadsorption of detergent in water using activated carbon adsorbent in the fluidized bed column. Theexperiment was preceded by an orifice meter calibration and manufacture of detergent solution in water atvarious concentrations. Detergent solution was then fed into the tank inffluen on fluidized bed column andflowed into the column at various flow rates and higt of bed. Effluent from each variation of measuredconcentrations and calculated % detergent absorbed and mass transfer coefficient.The results showed that increasing the flow rate increases the amount of detergent liquid is absorbed andthe mass transfer coefficient. For high-bed 10, 20 and 30 cm, the higher the bed the higher the amount ofdetergent to be absorbed and the mass transfer coefficient. % Detergent which absorbed the highestachieved at influent concentrations of MBAS concentration of 0.054 mg / lt, and 30 cm bed height that isequal to 25.9%. The the highest mass transfer coefficient is 9,457.10-6cm / dt2 on influent concentrationMBAS concentration of 0.054 mg / l and 30 cm bed height.Key word: detergent, activated carbon, % detergent adsorbed, fluidization, mass transfer coeffisie
BIOSORPSI LOGAM Cu(II) DAN Cr (VI ) PADA LIMBAH ELEKTROPLATING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BIMASSA PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM
Get PDFHeavy metal waste many there is in a few waste industry chemistry, for example at industry electroplating,metallurgy, smelting and others. At waste industry electroplating contains copper heavy metal and chromium which can cause contamination if thrown exceed boundary threshold enabled.This research method started with grows mushroom Phanerochaete Chyrsosporium in liquid medium with composition of peptone 20 gr/ltd an 40 gr/lt glucose incubation at temperature 350C during 6 day. Step of hereinafter is take 200 ml waste which concentration of Cu 2+ 5,7 mg/ltd an concentration of Cr6+ 137 mg/lt and hydrogen ion exponent 3,15 . Waste is boosted up its(the hydrogen ion exponent becomes 5 with nitration NaOH 0,1N 93,9 ml then is added with adsorbent 10,20,30,40 and 50 ml and incubation during 90,120,150,180 and 210 minutes. Then solution filtered and filtrate is analysed with spectrophotometer.Result of research is obtained [by] best condition at adsorbent volume 50 ml and adsorption time 210 minutes concentration of Cu2+ : 0,414 mg/lt and concentration of Cr6+ be 0,381 mg/lt. Keyword :Biosorpsi, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium
PECTIN FROM PAPAYA PEEL
Get PDFExtraction from adhesive substance between tissue chell in the papaya peel wouldproduce a product called pectin. The aim of this research was to obtain pectin from papayapeel. Ten miligrams of papaya peel with the size of 40 mesh added with 200 ml of aquadesl,then add also HCl with various concentration: 0.01 N, 0.015 N, 0.02 N, 0.025 N, and 0.03N.The extraction was done at 80 0C temperature for: 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 hours after that solutionextracted filtered to separate the concentrate and filtrate. The concentrate discharded and thefiltrate was pectin. Pectin filtrate then heated at temperature of 95 ° C while stirring intensivelyuntil the volume obtain half then the original volume. The filtrate cooled using acid alcohol,and stirred until evenly. After mixed evenly, filtrate left over fot about 10-14 hours. Theprecipate pectin then separated, washing with 95% neutral alcohol, and dried in an oven at 40oC for 6 hours. Dry pectin content weighed and analyzed the content of methoksil. The bestconditions result: the rendement of pectin obtained 9.2% and the content methoksil papaya peelwas 8.87% at 2 hours with the concentration of HCL 0.02 N.Keywords: extraction time, papaya peel, pecti
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI LARUTAN GARAM DAN WAKTU
Get PDFCatfish is a kind of fish that has high protein rate around 20% mass that can be exploited onthe application knowledge of food biotechnology, and one of protein resources for Indonesia society.The application is as raw material soy sauce making.The experiment of soy sauce making that made of the catfish conducted by pulverizing thecatfish flesh then mixed it up with pulverized pineapple (containing bromelin enzyme) and water. Thecomparison mass is (g):mass (g):volume (ml) with the comparison value 1:2:1 and pH 6-7. All of thematerial has to be put the incubator as long as 3 days with the temperature 50o Keywords : soy sauce, fermentation, catfish, streptococcus lactis bactery, bromelinC. The hydrolysis result added with salt in the concentration 3% (mass/volume), 5% (mass/volume), 9%(mass/volume) and acidbactery lactit streptococcus lactis which further on separated it so it produced the fish soy saucefiltrate.The purpose of this research are to analyze the influence of salt condensation concentrationand the time of processed salt condensation fermentation by using 2 sided variant analysis method andto analyze totalize dissolve nitrogen content and organoleptic test including taste, color and scent toget soy sauce with quality. The result shows the highest protein rate is got on condensationconcentration variation of 3% and 7 day, hydrolysis time with protein rate of 17.95%. While accordingto organoleptic test the sauce which is produced accepted enough by society including taste, scent andcolor
PEMISAHAN LOGAM MERKURI DENGAN CARA ELEKTRODIALISIS
No full textPencemaran merkuri di perairan kebanyakan disebabkan oleh limbah industri, dimanakandungan merkurinya melebihi standar yang telah ditetapkan. Menurut standar Abidin 1997, FDA, danWHO 1990, kadar merkuri yang ditoleransi adalah 15 µg/liter dalam darah, 3.5 µg/liter dalam ASI, 1 ppmdalam ikan dan makanan, 2 ppm dalam kuku, dan 4 ppm dalam urine, (Rahem, 2004), 2 hingga 7 ppmpada rambut. Normalnya, kadar merkuri dalam tubuh adalah dibawah 0.1 ppm. Dan seharusnya, nilaiambang batas untuk merkuri di perairan hanya 0.005 ppm. (http:/www.pdpersi.co.id).Limbah merkuri yang dibuang inilah yang lebih berbahaya, sebab setelah menjadi limbahdan merkuri tersebut masuk ke perairan, maka merkuri dengan mudah berikatan dengan klor dalam airlaut. Ikatan dengan klor yang disebut merkuri inorganik itu akan mudah masuk kedalam plankton dandapat berpindah ke biota laut lain, lalu akan tertransformasi menjadi merkuri organik (metil merkuri),yang dalam bentuk inilah merkuri lebih mudah diserap oleh tubuh. (http:/www.jawapos.co.id)Teknologi pemisahan dengan membran sendiri telah membuat kemajuan yang pesat dalamtahun-tahun belakangan ini. Proses elektrodialisis menghilangkan ion-ion dari air dengan mendorongnyamelewati membran dengan arus DC. Teknologi ini dipilih karena biayanya yang murah, pemakaian energiyang rendah, sederhana, dan ramah lingkungan, tidak memerlukan bahan-bahan tambahan sepertipengekstrak, juga tidak memerlukan energi (panas), yang juga sangat sensitif terhadap produk-produktertentu.Dengan pengurangan konsentrasi ( % konversi) yang cukup besar, yaitu 88.5197 % tersebut, makamodul Elektrodialisis mampu mengurangi konsentrasi diluat dengan cukup baik. Untuk konsentrasi umpan10 ppm, 20ppm, 30 ppm, dan 40 ppm, konversi terbesar adalah pada 12 Volt, dengan keberhasilanpengurangan konsentrasi diluat hingga sebesar 88.5197 % yaitu pada konsentrasi umpan 40 ppm.Kata Kunci : Mecuri, elektrodialisi
PENYELESAIAN SOLITON PADA PERSAMAAN GELOMBANG
Get PDFThe wave equation is reviewed in this research. Soliton solution of wave equation can begenerated by two constrains according to spatial dispersion. Method that used in current investigation isperiodic solution of wave equation transformed to soliton by utilizing power series. The results are thengeneralized. One dimesional analysis shows that the constrains is trivially fulfilled, but two and threedimensional studies show that nonlinear term is appeared, therefore the problems are not easily solved.Keywords : Wave equation, soliton, dispersio
KOMPARASI PEMISAHAN SISTEM BINER ASETON-N-BUTANOL, ASETON-ETANOL, ETANOL-N-BUTANOL DENGAN BENZENE-TOLUENE
No full textSimulasi pemisahan sistem biner telah diteliti untuk melihat profil temperatur dan profil komposisiliquida di bottom terhadap waktu. Dengan mengetahui profil temperatur dan komposisi liquida di bottomdapat diketahui karakteristik sistem biner yang dipisahkan, apakah sistem biner tersebut membentukcampuran azeotropik atau zeotropik. Untuk menghitung tekanan uap jenuh digunakan persamaan Antoineberdasarkan kondisi atmosferik. Koefisien aktivitas dihitung menggunakan persamaan UNIQUAC.Forward-finite-difference digunakan untuk menghitung komposisi dibagian bawah kolom pada waktuyang ditentukan dari komposisi awal sistem biner. Beberapa nilai-nilai awal komposisi sistem biner telahdipilih untuk melengkapi komposisi liquida di bottom. Dari profil temperatur yang dihasilkanmenunjukkan bahwa secara simulasi sistem biner aseton-n-butanol dan etanol-n-butanol mempunyaikarakteristik campuran yang berbeda saat awal pemisahan dibandingkan sistem biner aseton-etanol.Selain itu karakteristik campuran yang berbeda dari sistem biner aseton-n-butanol dan etanol-n-butanoldapat dilihat dari profil koefisien aktivitasnya. Dari profil komposisi liquida di bottom menunjukkanbahwa sistem biner yang diteliti membentuk campuran zeotropik, tanpa mempunyai campuran azeotropikdari masing-masing komponennya. Hasil simulasi pemisahan sistem biner yang diteliti kemudiankomparasi dengan sistem biner hidrokarbon yaitu sistem biner benzene-toluene.Kata kunci : Azeotropik, distilasi batch sederhana, sistem biner, zeotropik
YELLOW SWEET POTATO STARCH HYDROLYSIS INTO GLUCOSE ENZYMATICALLY
Get PDFGlucose is a monosaccharide found in many fruits, and plants obtained through a process using enzymehydrolysis of starch saccharide. Sweet potato starch Hydrolisis run with three neck flask equipped with astirrer. In Liquifikasi stage, three-neck flask is inserted into the starch solution which has been set temperatureand the pH was added HCI and in the heat, then added α-amylase enzyme in a certain time. Saccharification second stage, where the results liquification cooled, set the temperature and pH on certain conditions. Then added enzyme giukoamilase by volume according to the specified variable, and incubated at a given time. At acertain time interval was taken a few examples of the analyzed samples will be analyzed glucose levels Process behavior observed in this study were changes in temperature, hydrolysis time and the addition of enzymes, the best hydrolysis results obtained at 60 ° C, pH 4.5 and the addition of 0.7 ml of glucoamylase and time hydrolysis 5 days with glucose levels reaching 5 , 65% and conversion yield of 66.8% and 22.59%.Key words: Sweet Potato Starch, Liquificationi, saccharifictsion, glucose, α-amylase enzym
PROSES PEMISAHAN ION NATRIUM (Na) DAN MAGNESIUM DALAM BITTERN (BUANGAN) INDUSTRI GARAM
Get PDFElectrodyalises membrane could be used as a separation material of minerals from Bittern (lowsalt content). According to the several literatures data’s proved that the electrodialyses membrane could be used as a separation material for low salt content liquid optimally. So that the minerals content on bittern could be separated and worthwhile optimally. According to the research indicate that the best result of sodium ion (Na) obtained 21,425.90 ppm feeder concentration, 2.8 volt current voltage and 30 minutes operational time and 78.43% rejection. Whereas the Magnesium (Mg) obtained 15,795.30 ppm feeder concentration, 2.5 volt current voltage and 150 minutes operational time and 97.02% rejection.Key word : membrane, cation, anion, voltage, electrodyalise
KONVERSI GLISEROL DENGAN GELOMBANG MIKRO SECARA BATCH
Get PDFSaat ini dunia mengalami krisis energi yang berasal dari sumber tak terbaharukan, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Sehingga perlu suatu upaya untuk mencari sumber energi alternatif dari sumber yang terbaharukan. Salah satu sumber energi alternatif yaitu biodiesel yang dapat diperoleh dari sumber nabati yaitu kelapa sawit, kedelai, jarak, nyamplung ataupun tumbuhan yang lainnya. Peningkatan produksi biodiesel diikuti dengan meningkatnya produk samping biodiesel yaitu gliserol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari konversi gliserol secara batch menggunakan gelombang mikro yaitu dengan melihat pengaruh daya dan waktu pemanasan microwave terhadap yield produk cair yang dihasilkan. Larutan gliserol dengan rasio massa gliserol terhadap air 1:9 dimasukkan pada reaktor yang terbuat dari gelas. Reaktor ditempatkan pada microwave oven dengan power dan waktu pemanasan tertentu. Produk liquida yang dihasilkan dianalisa dengan GC dan GC-MS. Produk konversi gliserol adalah allil alkohol, metanol, serta beberapa produk yang tidak teridentifikasi. Semakin besar daya microwave semakin besar yield etanol yang didapatkan, demikian pula semakin lama waktu pemanasan microwave semakin besar yield etanol yang diperoleh. Yield etanol yang paling besar pada daya 600 W, selama 15 menit yaitu sebesar 6,764%.Kata Kunci: Degradasi Gliserol, Gelombang mikr