Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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PEMBUATAN EKOSEMEN DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK
Get PDFThe Huge volume of urban garbage despite limited space of garbage dump and inappropriate handling have become complicated and never ended problem. Helped to these issue, the research on Forming Ecocement from organic garbage was carried out. Ecocement was made from the mixture of the ash of organic garbage and limestone. The ashing was started by putting up the dry leaves and branches and some anorganic garbage (i.e paper) in pirolisis reactor, heated at temperatures 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 (oC). The resulted ash was mixed with limestone at (60:40) ; (55:45) ; (50:50) ; (45:55) ; (40:60) (%) ratio and blended with water. Next, the mixture was heated in a temperature of 900 oC for 1 hour. The ash analysis from the pirolisis process indicated that the best ash to produce cement was one that was heated in the temperature of 300 oC in the composition of CaO = 200.591,8 ppm SiO2 = 160.020, 8 ppm Al2O3 = 56.800,9 ppm dan Fe2O3 = 5.510,6 ppm, while the best ratio of ash : lime stone is 55 % : 45 % in the composition of CaO=60,8 % , SiO2 = 16,3 % , Al2O3 = 4,8 %, Fe2O3 = 0,3%. The resulted cement stand the tensile strengt 72,6 kg/cm2, min, in 7 days stored (standard grade of the tensile strengt 150 kg/cm2, min, in 7 days stored). Key words : Ecocement, Ash of Organik Garbage, Lime Stone
ADSORPSI Fe3+ DARI LARUTAN Fe2(SO4)3 DENGAN KITOSAN CANGKANG KUPANG PUTIH
Get PDFKitosan merupakan kitin yang telah dihilangkan gugus asetilnya dengan menggunakan basa kuat. Dalam limbah cangkang kupang mengandung 2% kitin. Limbah cangkang kupang, jumlahnya melimpah dan mudah diperoleh. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah cangkang sebagai kitosan, akan turut mengurangi terjadinya pencemaran tanah dan polusi udara. Penelitian ini untuk menentukan kondisi optimum proses adsorpsi logam Fe3+ menggunakan kitosan dari cangkang kupang putih guna mencari berat kitosan, konsentrasi larutan Fe2(SO4)3 terhadap adsorpsi logam Fe3+ oleh kitosan, dan menentukan model persamaan adsorpsi yang sesuai dalam proses adsorpsi logam Fe3+ dengan kitosan cangkang kupang putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Didapatkan hasil yakni, persen penyerapan logam Fe3+ yang terbaik pada penambahan kitosan 4gr dengan konsentrasi larutan Fe2(SO4)3 300ppm sebesar 99,9896%. Proses adsorpsi ini tidak memenuhi persamaan adsorpsi Freundlich, tetapi memenuhi pada persamaan adsorpsi Langmuir. Model persamaan adsorpsi Langmuir yang diperoleh ialah, Jumlah penambahan kitosan yang terbaik ialah 4gr pada konsentrasi larutan Fe2(SO4)3 900ppm dengan nilai Xm/m = 0,025190. Kata Kunci : adsorpsi; kitosan; logam Fe3
MINIMISASI LIMBAH INDUSTRI KULIT MELALUI OPTIMASI PRODUKSI
No full textApplicaton of waste minimizing can be executed through effort of production optimizing thatis implemented through Recycling, Reuse and or Recovery. In the hierarchy of wastemanagement, waste minimizing is the primary strategy in management of waste. Finding approachof management of waste which is able to suppress the amount of wastes yielded by husk industryproduct process of Magetan as optimal as possible, so that in the end can create a management ofenvironment that able to prevent the happening of damage of environment.Existence of optimation of chemicals usage in UD Sumber Kulit quality of yielded waste waterbefore optimation with rate = 90,09 mg / lt and COD = 225,4 mg / lt, after optimation was donequality of yielded waste water go down for BOD = 80,75 mg / lt and COD = 204,77 mg / lt. Withdegradation efficiency for BOD = 9,34 % and COD = 20,63 %.Execution effort of waste minimization of each production process through optimalizing ofusage of chemicals such as : prasoaking and soaking of NaOH 0,25 %, max rate = 0,1 - 0,2 %.effort of optimation 0,05% and Na2S liming 4,5 %, max rate = 2 - 4 %. effort of optimation = 0,5% from raw husk weight ± 8,64 excessive weight.Keywords : waste minimitation, optimation, waste of hus
BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KAPUK DENGAN KATALIS ZEOLIT
Get PDFAlam Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya alam, baik sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui, misalnya aneka jenis flora dan fauna,maupun sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui,misalnya beraneka ragam hasil tambang, dan minyak bumi. Seiring dengan menipisnya persediaan minyak bumi dan kian meningkatnya harga Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM), masyarat mencoba mencari sumber bahan bakar alternatif. Salah satu cara adalah dengan memanfaatkan biji kapuk sebagai sumber bahan bakar alternatif.Proses pembuatan Biodiesel (methyl ester) dengan katalis zeolit adalah Reaksi Trans-esterifikasi atau proses trans-esterifikasi pada dasarnya adalah proses pertukaran gugus ester. Proses tersebut dinamakan pula “methanolisis” , yaitu proses antara lemak atau minyak dengan methanol membentuk methyl ester dan gliserol, dengan perbandingan minyak dan methanol adalah 1:6. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari kondisi yang terbaik dan juga untuk mengetahui jumlah dari katalis yang digunakan. Dari hasil analisa dengan GC (Gas Chromatography) diperoleh methyl ester sebanyak 0,342 percent area dan yield sebesar 1,7699%., pada kondisi waktu proses 50 menit dan jumlah katalis 10 gram.Indonesia is very rich for its natural resources, both those that can be renewed (such as flora and fauna),and not (such as mines and fossil fuels). As the availability of fossil fuels is getting less, the price of it is getting more expensive, so Indonesian people try to find alternative fuels. One of their choices is to make use of kapuk seed.The process of Biodiesel making (methyl ester) by implementing the zeolit catalyst is Transesterfication reaction, which is basically. A process of ester ion exchange. This kind of process is also called mrthanolysis, the process between fat or oil and methanol that becomes methyl ester and glyserol, with the proportion of fat and methanol is 1:6 . This research was aimed to find the best condition and also to know the quantity of catalyst used. According to the result of the research , analyzed by using GC (Gas Chromatography), methyl ester would be obtained as much as 0,342 percent area and yield as much as 1,7699%, this result could be obtained with the process time allocation 50 minutes and the catalyst quantity 10 gram
PROSES HIDROLISIS SAMPAH ORGANIK MENJADI GULA DENGAN KATALIS ASAM KLORIDA
Get PDFHydrolysis is one of the most important stages of bioethanol production made from organic waste. Hydrolysis with dilute hydrochloric acid concentration was varied from 0.25-1% with a temperature of 120-180oC and time of 15-120 minutes. Reactant ratio 1:6 between organic waste and dilute hydrochloric acid for every stage hydrolysis was reacted in a batch reactor system. The sugars concentrations in the hydrolyzate were then analyzed by Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that the best conditions for hydrolysis was found at temperature of 120oC, catalyst concentration of 0.75%, time of 30 minutes and the pressure of 4 bar with the sugar concentration of 29.34 mg/mL and the yield of 13.09%. Key word : hydrochloride acid , hydrolysis, sugar concentration, yiel
UTILIZATION OF SOLID WASTE LEATHER INDUSTRY AS RAW MATERIAL MAKING SOAP
Get PDFWith the increase in the development of technology, then today often products from a factorythat various forms in the market in order to satisfies the consumer. For example was the number of soapproducts that emerged. Because of that as the new alternative that is looking for the alternative base forthe production base of soap. The alternative that will be developed was the production of soap from thatis fat. This research was to make laundry detergent by making use of the waste of the skin industry. Wasbased on results of the analysis it was known the best condition was achieved at the time of the increase7 gram and the increase KOH 15 gram with the level of free alkali 0.094 %, fat not 1.80 %, and thenumber fatty acid 68.7 %. Meaning that at the moment the condition for the quality of laundry detergentbased on the Standard of Nasional Indonesia could be filled.Key words: solid waste , skin industry,KOH, fatty acid, soap
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN TENAGA KERJA DI PERUSAHAAN REDRYING TEMBAKAU
Get PDFPlanning of labour is activity of determination of amount and labours types required by an organizations for aperiod of which will come. Therefore planning of labour is with refer to activity related to forecasting of requirement oflabour in a period of to come at one particular organization, cover new labour preparation and utilization which haveis available. Or equally determine the labour movement from position in this time towards position which wanted in aperiod of to come. In this research done by analysis and enumeration concerning planning of labour at company ofredrying tobacco which will make a change is internal that is doing installation of new machine by paying attention tosome policies and purpose of specified by companies. Method which applied is programming linear, while processingwhich implemented is determine and define decision variable then expressed in mathematical symbol, develop(buildaimed at mathematical model is programming linear formulation then calculate objective function for each purpose ofthat is minimizing redundancy and minimize expense where in this enumeration applied by computer software aid QMor windows version 2.2, software for quantitative method, management science or operational research. From resultcalculation and analysis seen that planning of labour with policy for minimizing redundancy and policy for minimizingexpense yield difference of result calculation enough signifikan.Keyword:Planning of labour ( manpower planning), programming linea
SEPARATION OF METALS FROM SPENT CATALYSTS WASTE BY BIOLEACHING PROCESS
Get PDFA kind of waste that hard to be treated is a metal containing solid waste. Leaching method is one thealternative waste treatment. But there still left an obstacle on this method, it is the difficulty to find theselective solvent for the type of certain metal that will separated. Bioleaching is one of the carry ablealternative waste treatments to overcome that obstacle. Bioleaching is a metal dissolving process orextraction from a sediment become dissolve form using microorganisms. On this method, it is not amust to use a selective solvent to extract metal. This research have general purpose to separate certainmetal contains from a solid waste by bioleaching method, and the special purpose on this research areto know influence of bioleaching time to the dissociated yield metal, and to know selectivity of themicroorganisms to the metal containing spent catalyst waste on bioleaching process. Aqua DM is usedas the solvent and this experiment varied spent catalysts as solid waste from several raw material (I, II,and III raw material), bioleaching time ( 5, 10, 15 days), and types of microorganisms (EscherichiaColi and Aspergillus niger), with amount of microorganisms (10% from the total work volume), andbioleaching temperature (37 oC). Metal concentration is used for the analysis on this research. Fromthe results of this research, it is known that the bioleaching time influences metal concentration inrafinat, the longer time of bioleaching, the bigger of the metal concentration. The best metal yield Ni(i.e: 1.35% b/b) was reached from raw material III. Using Aspergilus niger fungi within 15 days.Generally, the yield of Cu, Zn, and Ni on bioleaching process using Aspergillus niger fungi was betterthen those were gained by Escherichia coli, except CrKey Words : Bioleaching, Logam, Escherichia coli, Aspergillu
PERBAIKAN KUALITAS MINYAK SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU SABUN MELALUI PROSES PEMUCATAN DENGAN OKSIDASI
Get PDFMinyak sawit digunakan untuk pembuatan sabun dan deterjen tanpa atau dengan campuranminyak kelapa. Proses pemucatan minyak sawit dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salahsatunya dengan oksidasi. Cara ini menawarkan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untukmenghindari kehilangan minyak jika digunakan bleaching earth dalam proses pemucatan. Tujuandari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh suhu, laju alir udara dan waktu oksidasi padapemucatan minyak sawit dengan proses oksidasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi suhu, semakin besar laju alir udara dansemakin lama waktu oksidasi mengakibatkan semakin besar pengurangan warna. Penguranganwarna maksimal sebesar 85,3%, terjadi pada suhu 110oC, laju alir udara 7,8 l/menit (0,0068 m/s)dan waktu oksidasi 150 menit. Angka penyabunan berkisar antara 194,9 sampai 199,5. Angkaperoksida terbesar adalah 632 mg oksigen/kg minyak pada suhu 180oC, laju alir udara 7,8 l/menit(0,0068 m/s) dan waktu oksidasi 180 menit dan masih belum terbentuk aldehid..Kata kunci : minyak sawit, oksidasi, pemucatan, angka penyabunan, angka peroksida
Solubilitas Gas CO2 dalam Larutan Potassium Karbonat
Get PDFThe Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the product from nature source as specially from nature gas.Once methode for CO2 concentration reduction is absorption with potassium carbonate solution.This research is experimental study for performances increase in absorption process and wettedwall column as absorber concentration potassium carbonate varied in the range 10-30% (weight)and temperature varied in the range 30-60oC. Estimation calculation with vapor-liquid equilibriumand chemical reaction with ENRTI model. The result show that the value of mol CO reduction is with temperature increasse and Potassium Carbonate concentration increase. Compare estimation result with experimental show small different