Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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PRODUKSI BIOETHANOL DARI RUMPUT GAJAH SECARA KIMIA
Get PDFAvailability of bulrush can be obtained by continue and abundance, representing one the less exploited crop.Bulrush only used as livestock food, sometimes bulrush also considered to be intruder crop. But bulrush have cellulose rate, glucose, extract able to be used as one the ethanol producer materials. Obtained Ethanol rate from study produce bio ethanol from bulrush between 23-28 %, to increase purity of ethanol rate conducted bydissociation use batch distillation. Research produces bio ethanol from bulrush chemically to look for bio ethanol alternative raw material and study sour hydrolysis process and fermentation. In research produce bio ethanol from bulrush chemically to process hydrolysis at condition remains to: temperature 30oC, water 7 liters,hydrolysis time 1hour and condition change: bulrush weight 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 (gram), HCL condensation volume 10, 20, 30, 40, 50(ml). Is then continued by fermentation process at condition remain to:temperature 30oC, pH 4.5; fermentation volume 500 ml and condition change: fermentation time 4, 5, 6, 7, 8(day), starter 8 %, 10 %, 12 %. From research produces bio ethanol from bulrush chemically obtained [by] result, [at] best glucose rate hydrolysis process 26.29 %, bulrush weight 200 gram. At best condition ferment process use saccharomyces cerevisiae starter 10 % during 6 day, yielding ethanol equal to 27.71 % and glucose rate is rest of 8.09 %. To obtain get purity ethanol product to process separation of continuation with batch distillation, after conducted separation continue to be obtained ethanol rate (90-95) %. From result is obtained that is ethanol rate (90-95) %, bulrush can be used as alternative raw material making of bio ethanol. But for the standard of bio ethanol that is ethanol rate above 98 %, so that require to furthermore process. Keyword: bio ethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, purification, bulrush
ANIMAL FEED MAKING FROM TUNA FISH WASTE WITH FERMENTATION PROCESS
Get PDFFish waste from the fish canning industry if not managed can lead to pollution of the stinging smellof pollution, because the decay process of fish protein. Also can be a source of human infectious diseasesare transmitted by flies.Waste fish have protein content ranging roughly 51-55%, except as a source of protein with good aminoacids, fish waste is also a source of minerals and vitamins. Utilization of fish waste can be processed intofish meal, which in turn is used as animal feed mixtures such as poultry, pork and fish food.This research aims to make animal feed from fish waste, using a fermentation process with the help ofmicrobes rumenansia. In order to produce a nutritious animal feed additives required high as Lamtoroleaves, corn and bran, with proportions varying between a mixture of raw materials compared to microbialfermentation and different time also.The best results from the fermentation of fish waste into livestock feed use of ruminant bacterial proteincontent of 51.16%, carbohydrate content of 23.91 %, and 6-day fermentation time with a ratio of rawmaterials and the number of microbes (1:0,7).
STUDY GREEN LIQUID FERTILIZER PRODUCTION FROM HELIANTHUS A.L AND MUNTINGIA C.L PLANT
Get PDFIndonesia has many kinds of plants that can be utilized as an alternative raw materialliquid and solid fertilizer production. several types of plants that can be used as an alternative rawmaterial production of fertilizer is "Plants and Helianthus Muntingia CL A. L. Both types of plantson the leaves / twigs contain various types of ions such as ion Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P),Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) so that this plant can be used as fertilizer. Inthis study, plant leaf composting process but do not do the extraction and fermentation processesthat run simultaneously. Solvent extraction process carried out with water, acid and sodiumphosphate hipophosphate with certain concentrations, whereas the process of fermentationwithout addition of microorganisms, known as "Self Fermentation".Extraction and fermentationprocess can accelerate the acquisition of fertilizers and facilitate the transport of ions inplants. The purpose of this study is to examine an alternative type of raw material production offertilizer, type and concentration of solvent, extraction time and fermentation, and leaf weightratio and the best solvent and the quality of manure produced. From the survey results revealedboth types of plants can be utilized as raw material for fertilizer, the best type of solvent with theconcentration of sodium hipophospahte 0.75%, extraction time and 50 days of fermentation andquality of the resulting liquid fertilizer for plants Plants Muntingia CL: ion N: 0 , 29%, PO4:0.37%, K: 0.55%, Mg: 0.11% and Ca: 0.025%, while for the plant Helianthus A. L ions N: 0.36%,PO4: 0.545%, K: 0.79%, Mg: 0.075% and Ca: 0.028% and on applications to rice plants knownto both types of green liquid fertilizer can increase the production of grain that is a liquidfertilizer Plants of Helianthus AL of 41.3% and Plants Muntingia CL by 29.9% compared with theuse of chemical fertilizers (urea, SP-36 and KCl), need for green manure liquid 1 liter per 100 m2of land.Key words: Muntingia CL, Helianthus AL, Fertilizer, Extraction and Fermentation
PROTEKSI KATODIK DENGAN ANODA TUMBAL SEBAGAI PENGENDALIAN KOROSI BAJA DALAM LINGKUNGAN AQUEOUS
Get PDFCathodic Protection is one of the method to Control Corrosion rate thermodynamically by applying steel as cathode. Application of this methode is by flow the DC current through electrolite to steel so that potential interface between steel and electrolite goes to immun area or until paricular value which corrosion speed allowed (minimum).Cathodic Protection using sacrificial anode methode was researched in electrochemistry way.Experiment was done to AISI SAE 1018 steel in NaCl environtment 3.5% within 168 to 840 hours using sacrificial anode Al and Zn.From analysis data using mass loss methode, Al anode able to decrease steel corrosion speed untill 82% and Zn for 50. %Keyward :Cathodic protection, sacrificial anod
ISOLATION STUDY OF EFFICIENT α - CELLULOSE FROM WASTE PLANT STEM MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ
Get PDFWaste Manihot esculenta Crantz stems of plants is one of the waste has a high cellulose content. However, current waste plant Manihot esculenta Crantz stems only become organic waste that has not been fully utilized. The study is expected to utilize waste Manihot esculenta Crantz plant stems to produce α-cellulose can be used for paper and solve the problem of the environment especially forests. Waste Manihot esculenta Crantz plant stems as a raw material containing fiber 65.38%, 29.01% leather waste, waste cambium levels of 5.61% and 56.82% α-cellulose. Stages of research to produce α-cellulose include prehidrolisis stage, the stage of delignification, bleaching stages, and analysis of α-cellulose. At this stage delignification used NaOH, Na2SO3, Na2SO4 with varying concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25% by weight as degrading lignin which is then followed by bleaching stage using H2O2 2% and 5% NaOCl to get a pure α-cellulose. The best results with α-cellulose content of 90.41% in the delignification process Na2SO3 with 20% using 2% H2O2 bleaching. Key words: Waste Plant Manihot esculenta Crantz Trunk, delignification, bleaching, α-cellulos
BRIKET ARANG KULIT KACANG TANAH DENGAN PROSES KARBONISASI
Get PDF The Peanuts peel can be converted to charcoal through the carbonization process with tapioca moulded as adhesive. Making briquettes from peanut peel is usefull as an alternative fuel. Peanut peel were cutted in two parts and dried in open air. Next, it were carbonized in 200 0C, 225 0C, 250 0C, 275 0C and 300 0C and 300 0C for 90 minutes. Then the charcoal ware pounded and sieved to make it in uniform size (40 mesh). Then it was weighed in 25 grams, 50 grams, 75 grams, 100 grams and 125 grams. And then mixed with adhesive moulded. The moulded briquettes were dried through the air for 24 hours and then it were heated in the oven with 100 0C for 1 hour. Then the briquettes were analyzed calorific value, ash content, water content and color of flame. Finally, the highest calorific value of charcoal briquettes was on the composition of peanut peel 75 grams and 250 0C, it give 6536.98 kcal / kg. The lowest water content in the composition of 125 grams and 300 0C, it give 2,014%. And the lowest ash content generated in the composition of 75 grams and 200 0C, it give 7,39%. Key words : Carbonization, Charcoal Briquette, moulded, peanut skin
OPTIMASI PEMANFAATAN ENERGI AMPAS DI PABRIK GULA
Get PDFAvailibility of world fossil energi will continue scarce and progressively costly. The situation will affect to sugar production cost, specially at SF which still insuffiency of bagasse and burn oil. Insuffiency of bagasse in SF righteously can overcome because sugar cane have enough bagasse content for boiler fuel, with balance installation, efficient equipments, amount and quality of sugar cane milled which is adequate, hence in SF can be obtained excess of bagasse or energy which is useful for raw material of industry.Key words :Energy crisis, sugar factory (SF), cane bagasse, steam generation, steam use, energy efficiency.
KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN MASSA NATRIUM BENZOAT DENGAN AIR DALAM KOLOM ISIAN
Get PDFSolid liquid mass transfer is important and wide application in many kind of chemical engineering process which followed by chemical reaction or non chemical reaction like solution, distillation and extraction processes. The research is to find the mass transfer coefficient between sodium benzoate with water on the fixed bed ( pipe circulation system) at the height of the bed as follows:3 cm; 4cm; 5cm; 7cm; 9cm and the flow rate as follows : 4.29cm 3/second; 5.3cm3 /second;6.16cm3/second; 7.62cm3/second; 9.05cm3 /second. With 3.2cm fix coulomb diameter and the particle diameter of 0.22mm sodium benzoate. Reside,the objective of this research was to find the mathematic model wich is influenced by the variable above used as general application especially for designing the equipment. By using the non lenear programe with all variables simultaneously found the equation model Key word: fixed bed; mass transfer coefficient; sodium benzoate;water.
PENURUNAN KOSENTRASI SURFACTAN PADA LIMBAH DETERGEN DENGAN PROSES PHOTOKATALITIK SINAR UV
Get PDFPhotokimia have used as by many alternative processing of water. Photokimia reaction is reaction of chemistry which is induction by light either trough indirect and also direct. Conversion ofr Energy light become chemical energy or electrics represent elementary principle of photokimia. To quicken reaction of conversion needed by the existence of catalis reffered as catalis system. Catalis will be active if obtaining light energy. In course of fotokimia will be formed by radical hydroxyl to degrade compound of organic underwater of waste like surfactant. The research dergradation of concentration surfactant used Titanium Dioxide catalis with light source the used is lamp of UV which variation of 15 watt, 30 watt and 36 watt. The objective of research to determine abilitry degradation of concentration of surfactant in waste of detergent. Result of research indicate that ability of degradation of be concentration use TiO2 counted 2,2 gr with result 96,5 %, time of radiating 2,5 hour and lamp energy 36 watt. Key words :Photokimia, Photokatalitik, Surfactan
PEMANFAATAN BONGGOL PISANG UNTUK PEMBUATAN ASAM PHOSPAT
Get PDFBanana a tropical and subtropical tree with good prospect found anywhere in Indonesia which easy to cultivateand rapidly. Concerning the chemical composition, the hump banana tree contain phosphorous large enoughe.Using special treatment and adding sulfuric acid alkali, the phosphorous content at the hump banana tree couldbe processed to produce phosphoric acid.The objective of research is to produce phosphoric acid from the hump banana tree waste as the syntheticfertilizer as follows : TSP, NPK etc. it also can be used as sugar cane substance to remove the impurities. Hopethe research will be worthwhile and value for hump banana tree waste.There are two process steps i.e. : The process which contain calcium and phosphorous to compound calciumphosphate. Then the phosphoric acid compound process. It also produces gypsum at the reaction. This research’sresult showed that 3 hours and sulfuric acid concentration of 60 % could reduce phosphorous convertionoptimum i.e. : 0,79 was obtained at ambon banana.Key words : hump banana tree, phosphoric acid