Jurnal Teknik Kimia
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EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS BUBUK
Get PDFBuah manggis memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi di setiap bagiannya. Pada bagian kulit manggis mengandung senyawa xanthone, yang merupakan bioflavonoid dengan sifat sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, antialergi, antitumor, antihistamin, dan antiinflamasi. Senyawa xanthone sebagai antioksidan dapat menetralisir radikal bebas yang masuk atau diproduksi di dalam tubuh, mencegah penuaan organ tubuh, mencegah penyakit jantung, mencegah kanker dan kebutaan serta dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Jus kulit manggis adalah salah satu produk yang dapat dibuat dengan mudah. Akan tetapi jus kulit manggis murni tidak dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Sehingga salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan supaya jus kulit manggis ini dapat bertahan lebih lama adalah dengan mengubahnya menjadi produk bubuk. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian utama adalah semakin rendah perbandingan kulit manggis dan air serta semakin besar konsentrasi maltodektrin yang ditambahkan, maka akan semakin tinggi bulk density, wettability dan solubilitynya serta kadar air ekstrak kulit manggis bubuk semakin rendah. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisa organoleptiknya diperoleh produk ekstrak kulit manggis bubuk yang paling baik adalah yang dibuat dengan perbandingan kulit manggis terhadap air adalah 1:8 dengan penambahan 30% maltodektrin dan pada suhu udara masuk 160 oC. Nilai EC50 ekstrak kulit manggis bubuk sebesar 339.560 ppm, dimana daya antioksidannya tergolong lemah
PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN KATALIS BASA MELALUI PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO (MICROWAVE)
Get PDFPada saat ini kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak semakin meningkat seiring semakin meningkatnya populasi dan semakin berkembangnya teknologi tanpa diimbangi dengan adanya cadangan sumber daya minyak bumi yang berasal dari fosil yang semakin menipis karena sifatnya yang tidak dapat diperbarui. Beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia mulai banyak melakukan penelitian dalam pencarian bahan bakar yang dapat diperbarui, salah satunya adalah biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat biodiesel dari minyak kelapa melalui proses transesterifikasi dengan menggunakan microwave. Penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan mol minyak kelapa terhadap metanol (1:9), konsentrasi katalis KOH (0,01% ; 0,05% ; 0,1% ; 0,15% ; 0,2% dan 0,25%), waktu reaksi (30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 detik) dan variasi daya (100, 264 dan 400 watt). Dalam penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi katalis, waktu reaksi, daya microwave terhadap yield dan kualitas produk biodiesel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan konsentrasi katalis KOH 0,20%, waktu reaksi 150 detik dan daya microwave 400 watt menghasilkan yield produk biodiesel terbesar yaitu 93,22% dan hasil analisa karakteristik kualitas produk biodiesel telah sesuai dengan standar mutu biodiesel SNI 7128:2012
PENGARUH DAYA DAN RASIO BAHAN PADA EKSTRAKSI KAYU CENDANA (Santalum album) DENGAN METODE MICROWAVE HYDRODISTILLATION: OPTIMASI MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Get PDFMinyak cendana merupakan salah satu jenis minyak atsiri yang disebut dengan minyak eteris atau minyak terbang. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi minyak nilam, maka salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan adalah memperbaiki metode destilasi dan kondisi operasi agar dapat menghasilkan minyak nilam dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari proses pengambilan minyak cendana dari kayu cendana dengan menggunakan metode microwave hydrodistillation, mempelajari beberapa parameter yang berpengaruh seperti pengaruh rasio antara bahan baku yang diekstrak dengan pelarut dan daya microwave yang digunakan terhadap yield minyak cendana yang dihasilkan, serta menentukan kondisi operasi optimum pada proses ekstraksi minyak cendana dengan menggunakan metode microwave hydrodistillation untuk mendapatkan yield minyak cendana yang maksimum. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum dari masing-masing variabel adalah Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh model empiris yang sesuai dengan percobaan, dimana kondisi operasi optimum untuk ekstraksi minyak cendana dengan metode microwave hydrodistillation yang memberikan yield minyak cendana maksimum adalah pada daya microwave 601,355 W dan rasio antara bahan baku yang diekstrak dengan pelarut 0,10 g.mL-1
PENINGKATAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN ABON NANGKA MUDA
Get PDFLack of protein content in young jackfruit as shredded raw materials motivated us to do a fermentation process, with the aim of increasing the protein content so that it can become suitable for consumption with 25.398% protein content, which equals that of shredded beef. The existing shredded young jackfruit has protein levels ranging from 15%. In the fermentation process, tempeh yeast and tape yeast are added. Yeast inoculum dose is added as much as 0.5 gr/200 gr for 4 days. Fermentation process treatment for 4 days can increase the protein content from 5.506% to 9.361% with tempeh yeast, and there is 10.591% increase with tape yeast. The best levels of protein from fermentation are used for the manufacture of shredded young jackfruit with the addition of spices, and then fried with frying times: 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 minutes. From this research the best results were obtained: 40 minutes frying time, 25.398% protein content, fat content of 26.972%, 28.294% carbohydrate, water content of 5.731%, and negative Ecoli bacteria. Key words: shredded, fermentation, protein enhancement, young jackfruit
BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JARAK PAGAR DENGAN VARIASI PENAMBAHAN CO-SOLVENT DAN WAKTU REAKSI
No full textTransesterification reaction in biodiesel manufacturing process is slow because it takes place in a two-phase system. This problem can be overcome by adding a co-solvent that is not reactive. The addition of co-solvent aims to form a single phase system. Therefore, this study is conducted with the aim of understanding the effect of adding co-solvent of methyl ester Tetra Hydro Furan (THF) produced in the transesterification reaction of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil (Jatropha oil). The variables studied were the number of THF and reaction time. In addition, transesterification reactions are also carried out without the addition of co-solvent (conventional method) for comparison. The reaction temperature is maintained at 300C and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that transesterification reaction with the addition of co-solvent is 2-10 minutes faster than the conventional reaction. Transesterification reaction with the addition of co-solvent produces higher methyl ester amount than conventional methods. 94.79% methyl ester amount is achieved when the mass ratio of THF:Methanol = 2:1, molar ratio of Jatropha oil: Methanol = 1:6 and 1.3% NaOH catalyst-weight. Keywords: biodiesel, co-solvent, Jatropha oil, transesterificatio
KINETIKA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
No full textReaction kinetics data is one of the models which can help in making transesterification process efficient. This research aims to learn the kinetics of transesterification reaction of palm oil, and to make the research data usable as initial data for further research. To obtain the best kinetics data, we used temperature variation of 30, 45, and 60 oC, NaOH concentration of 1% of the oil weight, molar ratio of oil:methanol is 1:6. Reaction times used in this stud are2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Transesterification of palm oil takes place in the second order reaction with temperature of 600C, the best reaction rate 0.0158 mol/(L.minute, reaction rate constant k1 = 1,6846x10-4 L/(mol.minute) and k2 = 5.1872x10-5L/(mol.minute), conversion 86.61% FAME(Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI LABU SIAM
Get PDFSquash have pectin content about 6,7%. The common usage of pectin is in food industry, farmation and cosmetics. This research aims of extracting pectin from squash with research variables: HCl concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 N) and extraction times (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). Conditions of operation: weight of squash is 0.25 kg, heated temperature of materials is 60 oC, heated time of materials is 6 hours, solvents temperature is 80 oC, solvent volume is 1 liters, ethanol concentration is 70% and speed turn is around 60 rpm. Research procedure is made of three steps: pretreatment of materials, extraction process, and result analysis. The best result: extraction time at 2 hours with the concentration of HCl 2 N, where concentration of metoksil pectin highest is 6.57%. Key words: extraction, metoksil, pectin, squas
ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN PANAS DENGAN KONVEKSI BEBAS DAN RADIASI PADA PENUKAR PANAS JENIS PIPA DAN KAWAT
No full textThis paper aims to analyze the influence of geometry on the efficiency and capacity of the wire and tube heat exchanger, and present the simulation and experimental validation. Simulations were conducted using finite element method by taking into account free convection and radiation heat transfer. The geometry change was performed to wire diameter and pitch. Calculation was made by dividing heat exchanger into elements. The calculation was performed from the first element. The out temperature of the first element was used for counting the heat flow rate of the next element. This procedure was repeated until the last element. Experimental validation was performed by measuring the surface temperature of the pipe on the specified locations. The validation shows the percentage error of 5%. The highest value of heat exchange capacity per weight is produced at dw = 1mm/pw = 21mm. The highest Qtot and the lowest Tout are produced at dw 1.5/pw 14 mm. From this study, we get that the flow rate of heat produced at dw 1.5 mm/pw 14 mm increases by 4%, and the weight of heat exchangers decreases by 19%, compared to the heat exchanger on the market. Key words: efficiency. finite element, heat capacity, pitch wire, wire diameter
IDENTIFIKASI NILAI KALOR BIOCHAR DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG DAN SEKAM PADI PADA PROSES PIROLISIS
Get PDFProcess pirolisis can alter yielded by biomassa waste at various agriculture waste and agroindustri become valuable product sell highly, easy to in operation, friendly of high environmental security standard and environment. This research aim to to identify optimal kalor value of biochar to different temperature influence at pyrolisis process with perception. Variable pyrolisis temperature are (400, 450, 500, 550, 600) 0C, and biomassa waste types (rise husk and cob). Pursuant to result of research which have been done/conducted hence optimal Value kalor of biochar rise husk at temperature 500 0C equal to 7111 cal/ gr, cob is at temperature 500 0C kalor value 3705 cal/gr. So that can be concluded that difference assess kalor at biochar product very is base on of bait type/pirolisis temperature and materials. Thereby cob biochar can be recommended upon which burn alternative pyrolisis process at temperature 500 0C because will yield biochar with high kalor value and also rate irrigate and low dusty rate. Key words: biochar, biomassa, Caloric value, pyrolysis proces
PRODUKSI ASAM LEMAK DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PROSES HIDROLISIS
Get PDFIn this research work fatty acid was produced by hydrolysis of crude palm oil using hydrochloric acid catalyst. The hydrolysis was performed in 1 liter stirred spherical glass reactor. Agitation speed was maintained at 450 rpm, whereas oil bath was used to maintain the reaction mixture temperature. The reaction mixture temperature was varied at 40 oC, 60 oC, and 80 oC, whereas crude palm oil/ water mol ratio was varied at 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, and 1:12. The experiment results showed that the reaction equilibrium had not been achieved yet after the reaction running for 8 hours. The highest conversion was 69.77% which was obtained at reaction temperature 80 oC and crude palm oil/water mol ratio 1:12. The experiment results also showed that the reaction temperature and water excess significantly affecting the reaction conversion. Key words: crude palm oil, fatty acid, hydrolysis, HC