Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
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FLOWER BUD REMOVAL AND EARTHING UP TIME INCREASED GROWTH AND TUBER YIELD OF POTATO AT EASTERN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, potato is a staple food crop and source of cash income for smallholder farmers, but the national average yield in farmers’ field is lower than experimental yields due to poor agronomic activities. The study aimed to determine the effects of flower removal and earthing up time on growth and tuber yield of potato. The experiment comprised of three flower removal stage and five earthing up time treatments, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design of 3x5 factorial arrangements with three replications. Results indicated that plant height, stem number, tuber length and tuber diameter were shown significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the main effect of flower removal and earthing up time but not by their interaction. Fresh shoot biomass and physiological maturity were recorded significantly affected (p < 0.05) by earthing up time, but not by flower removal stage and its interaction with earthing up time. Total fresh biomass, marketable and unmarketable tuber yield, as well as total tuber yield were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by main factors and their interaction effects. The results clearly indicated that the highest total tuber yield (30.96 ton ha-1) was recorded from flower bud removed potato earthed up at 15 days after complete emergence. Therefore, flower bud removed potato earthed up at 15 days after full emergence was better in terms of all yield contributing characters and tuber yield
REPLACING SLASH AND BURN PRACTICES WITH SLASH AND COMPOSTING TO REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM DEGRADED PEATLAND
Get PDFSlash and burn are commonly practiced in opening new field in tropical peatland. This method, if uncontrolled, may cause peat fires and increase CO2 emissions. Therefore, alternative method of peatland preparation for agriculture is needed. The study aimed to obtain peatland preparation technologies to prevent peat fires and reduce CO2 emissions. The study was conducted at degraded peatland in Kalampangan, Central Kalimantan from June to October 2017. Split plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was the type of land arrangement, i.e. without and with raised beds. The subplot was the type of land preparation, i.e. slash and burn, slash followed by composting the weeds, slash and make the weeds as mulches, and slash followed by composting the weeds and accompanied by plastic mulch. Soil characteristics, fires vulnerability, and CO2 emissions were measured before and after land preparation. Results showed that slash and composting reduced CO2 emission from cultivated peatland. Slash and burn resulted 4.98 t CO2 ha-1 emissions per season, which is four times higher than slash followed by composting that produced 1.20 t CO2 ha-1 per season. Groundwater level, redox potential (Eh), soil pH, and soil water content affected CO2 emissions. Groundwater level and water content negatively correlated with CO2 emissions. The shallow water level and the high water content, the lower is CO2 emissions. The Eh and soil pH positively correlated with CO2 emissions. The high positive value of Eh indicates that the soil was in high oxidative conditions, resulting in high CO2 emissions.
SCREENING OF THE ACID MEAT CONDITION IN THE RENDEMENT NAPOLE GENE USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION - RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM
Get PDFA mutation in the rendement napole (RN) gene causes the acid meat condition which results to poor meat quality due to its reduced water holding capacity, low pH, pale color, reduced processing and cooking yield due to increased drip, and strong metallic taste. This study was conducted to detect the mutation in the RN gene in 535 commercial breeder pigs from the Philippines. Blood collection was done then subjected to DNA extraction and genotyping using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the enzyme BsrBI, then validated by DNA sequencing. Results revealed that 97.01% of the breeder pigs did not have the mutation in their RN gene, while 2.69% had at least one copy of the defective allele in their gene. The acid meat condition has only been previously detected in the Hampshire breed whereas this study found the mutations predominantly in Pietrain and Landrace breed they were classified as normal (rn/rn), heterozygous mutants (RN/rn), and homozygous mutants (RN/RN) which allowed breeding systems to be developed ensuring that all offspring are free of the defect. This genetic screening will help in detecting the presence of the defect in a given swine population and reduce the unwanted effects on meat quality thus increasing its market value
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN SHALLOTS BASED ON BULB-TUNIC PATTERNS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
Get PDFVariation within bulb tunics has been used to determine the genetic diversity in Allium species, including shallots. However, no such study has been reported for shallots of Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the Indonesian shallots based on the bulb-tunic patterns. Thirty-five shallot genotypes from main production centers in Indonesia were used. The ultrasculptures of the bulb tunics were examined by light microscopy, including the inner surface and cell shape patterns of the bulb tunics. The phenotypic data, i.e. quantitative and qualitative traits were subjected to the descriptive statistics, principal component, correlation, regression, and clustering analyses. The results showed that the bulb-tunic cell patterns were varied, which shared almost identical with 13 Allium species. Total bulb weight per genotype showed the greatest variation (cv = 89.10%) and significant correlation with bulb weight per plant (r = 0.773). The principle component analyses showed the cumulative proportion of 78% of the total morphological variation in all shallot genotypes. Based on clustering analysis, the genetic variation of Indonesian shallots are grouped into twelve clusters with 50% genetic similarity. The study indicates that Indonesian shallots are genetically varied and could be useful for further utilization in their genetic improvement program
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF INDONESIAN PAPAYA ACCESSIONS AS REVEALED BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION
Get PDFDiverse papaya (Carica sp.) accessions are found in many regions in Indonesia, but their genetic diversity have not yet been studied. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a simple yet accurate method that can be used to examine the genetic diversity of papaya. The study aimed to examine the genetic diversity of Indonesian papaya accessions using RAPD markers and morphological characters. The RAPD was applied on 23 papaya accessions using 30 primers. The appearing bands were further analyzed with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The molecular results were then compared to the fruit morphological data, including fruit shape, size, flesh color, texture, and flavor. The RAPD analysis revealed that the 23 papaya accessions clustered into six main clades with Dice-Sorensen coefficient similarity ranged from 0.71 to 0.98. The first group consisted of 11 accessions, including both the hybrids and local accessions. The second group consisted of eight accessions especially six Indonesian hybrids, a Mexican Hybrid and a Hawaiian hybrid. The other four groups had a single member namely Sicincin Panjang, Lokal Sumani, Cariso, and Carica. The molecular grouping, however, did not align with the fruit character grouping. Overall, it was implied that the Indonesian papaya accessions were genetically narrow, of which some accessions were closely related to Hawaiian and Mexican accessions. These results can be used as a reference on papaya crossbreeding program in Indonesia
GROWTH IMPROVEMENT OF TOMATO WITH THE APPLICATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES PRODUCING INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA) AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZER
Get PDFSoil bacteria have important roles in biogeochemical cycle for soil fertility and have been manipulated for ecologically-friendly crop production. The search for beneficial association between microbes and plants for promoting growth and health should be studied for tomato growth improvement. The study aimed to evaluate 19 microbial isolates which produced indole acetic acid (IAA) affecting growth and development of tomato (Palupi variety), and molecularly identify the most effective isolates in improving tomato growth based on 16s rDNA sequences. The experiment was conducted in pots using a complete randomized design with three replications. The parameters observed included plant height, plant dry weight, root length, root dry weight, and fruit fresh weight. The isolates that significantly improved tomato growth were molecularly identified using 16s rRNA sequence. The phenotypic properties such as IAA content and phosphate solubilizing index (PI) of the superior isolates were determined. Results showed that the application of bacterial isolates on tomato significantly increased plant dry weight and fruit yield. From 19 isolates tested, Aj 3.7.1.14 significantly increased plant dry weight, root length, and fruit yield. This isolate produced IAA of about 14.77 ppm and PI of 1.86. Molecular analysis on Aj 3.7.1.14 demonstrated that the isolate had 89% similarity to Pseudomonas fragi. The identified P. fragi was found to be the most effective isolate for improving tomato growth and fruit yield. Another isolate, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was found to promote root length, root dry weight, and fruit yield. These isolates are potential to be further investigated for field trial