Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
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Penetapan Tarif Rasional Pelayanan Kesehatan RSUD Tenriawaru Kabupaten Bone
Get PDFTariff of health service RSUD Tenriawaru Bone Regency is still based on by law in 2012 so that needmore research about rational tariff. This study aims to obtain information on the rational tariff of several costcenter services in RSUD Tenriawaru Bone Regency. This type of observational research is intended to identifyall caracteristic used to calculate total cost (fixed cost) and total fixed operational cost (semi variable cost), andtotal operational cost is not fixed (variable cost) and tariff every action there. Sample research of all transactionsrelated to fixed costs, semi-variable costs and variable costs at cost centers. Data collection using observationaltechniques and documentation. Data analysis using unit cost analysis with microsoft excell. The result of researchshows that the health service tariff of RSUD Tenriawaru Bone Regency based on unit cost in the biggest radiologyunit is USG (Ultrasound) Rp.280.000,-; the largest physiotherapy unit is action using gymnastic pool Rp.250.000,-; hemodialysis rate on hemodialysis unit is Rp.1,000,000,-; largest NICU is resuscitation Rp.360.000,-; and unitcost of treatment classification with normative output (BOR 80%) are as follows: Main VIP Class Rp.420.000,-;VIP Class Rp.300.000,-; Class I Rp.240.000,-; Class II Rp.150.000,-; and Class III Rp.95.000,-. The conclusion ofthe calculation results in a higher rational tariff than the current service rate
Analisis Perilaku dan Faktor Penyebab Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik Tanpa Resep di Surabaya
Get PDFThere is limited information regarding the behavior and determinant factors of non-prescribed use of antibioticsinSurabaya. The purpose of this study was to identify the behavior and the most influential factors in usingantibiotics without prescription. This was a cross sectional studyconducted insubjects who bought antibiotics withoutprescription in 90 pharmacies in Surabaya during December 2014-April 2015. Eight complex questions wereused to identify the behavior. The contributing factors of non-prescription behavior were identified by using twostatistical methods, including: descriptive analysis by comparing the mean of the questions in each factor theme,and factor analysis using orthogonal rotation (varimax). There were 267 respondents involved in this study. Themajority of respondents who bought antibiotics without prescription ranged from age 21-30 years old (36.33%),frequency buying antibiotics 1/month (45.70%), intended for themselves (56.55%), buying antibiotics soon afterthe symptoms appeared (33.70%), and intended for runny nose/flu indication (21.30%). Based on the descriptivestatistic, the theme “aspects that encourage” was found as the factor contributed to the use of antibiotics withoutprescription. The value of cumulative percent total variance found in the factor analysis method explained was48.03%, with the biggest value on the first factor that was 23.91%. The most influential factor was the ease of accessto get the antibiotics and the saving of money. The results of this study can be used to determine the appropriateintervention to deal with the use of antibiotics without prescription in the pharmacies.Considering the complexcauses of such behavior, pharmacist should not be blamed as the only cause of non-prescribed use of antibiotics
Pengaruh Kebiasaan Konsumsi Sayur, Buah dan Perokok Pasif terhadap Kapasitas Antioksidan Total Ibu Hamil
Get PDFThe availability of antioxidants during pregnancy were decreases with increasing of gestational ageand influenced by environmental factors such as exposure to cigarette smoke and consumption habits of vegetablesand fruits. A cross sectional study with pregnant mothers (20-26 months pregnant) non-anemia as many as70 people selected by purposive sampling. Total Antioxidant Capacity (KAT) was measured using Elisa method(enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay), vegetable and fruit consumption habits collected with Food FrequencyQuestionaire (FFQ) and smoking habits using interviews. The results showed around 37,1% of pregnant womenwere passive smokers and rarely consume vegetables and fruits (>60,0%). The mean KAT of pregnant womenreached 2,73±1,48 mmol/l. KAT of passive smokers are significantly lower than non-passive smokers (p=0,038).In General pregnant women who often consume vegetables and fruits have a higher KAT. However, a higher KATwas significantly found in pregnant women who frequently consumed green mustard greens (p=0,049), green beanleaves (p=0,002), apples (p=0,007) and papaya (p=0,029). Exposure to cigarette smoke and less consumption ofvegetables and fruits have lower KAT in pregnant women. Pregnant women should increase consumption of vegetablesand fruits and avoid exposure to cigarette smoke
Periode Waktu Inisiasi Anti-Retroviral Terapi (ART) Berhubungan dengan Perbedaan Outcome dan Tingkat Kadar CD4 pada Kasus HIV Positif
Get PDFEarly ART (Anti Retroviral Therapy) treatment at higher CD4 levels is believed to provide better outcomes.This study aims to determine the differences in outcomes and levels of CD4 levels based on the initiation periodof ART in HIV positive patients. This is a retrospective study, using secondary data to see differences in outcomes(CD4, morbidity, morbidity, lost to follow-up) of patients based on time-span status of ART initiation. The studypopulation was all HIV-positive patients who were or had undergone antiretroviral therapy in Denpasar City. Atotal of 312 patients were included in the study according to the criteria. The results showed that the proportionof subjects who had a CD4 cell rise of only 0-99sel/mm3 tended to be greater in the group who started ART morethan 12 weeks compared to those who started ART 12 weeks down (44.7% vs 36.7%). Vice versa, the proportionof subjects who had a CD4 increase ≥100 cells/mm3 was greater in the ART initiation group ≤12 weeks (73.3% vs55.3%) p=0.046. The proportion of subjects who died and lost to follow up was greater in the subjects who startedART over 12 weeks than the opposite (respectively 11% and 24.2% vs 5% and 12.7%, p=0.003). Significant differenceswere also seen, the proportion of subjects who were still on HAART was greater in the group of subjects whoinitiated HAART ≤12 weeks (64.8% vs 82.4%, p=0.003)
Efektivitas Audiovisual dan Booklet sebagai Media Edukasi untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Skrining IVA
Get PDFCervical cancer is the caused of high maternal mortality. Prevention of cervical cancer done by screeningVisual Inspection with Acetic Acid (IVA). The objective of this study to analyzed the effectiveness of health educationapplying health belief model using audiovisual and booklet on female behavior for IVA examination in thework area of Pacarkeling Public Health Center. The research method used Quasi Experimental with Design Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Research subjects were women aged 30-50 years who have never done previousIVA examination. Sample selection using cluster sampling technique with sample of 79 respondents for each groupof intervention and control group. Health education using audiovisual and booklet. Data analyzed using wilcoxontest, chi-square, mann-whitney, and linear regression. Health education using audiovisual and booklet effectivein improving the behavior of respondents for IVA screening. Increased of knowledge, attitudes, health belief of theintervention group is greater than control group. The behavior of women in IVA screening for intervention groupwas greater than control group after intervention. External variables such as age, education, occupation, income,previous information have an effect on behavior improvement. Health education is effective in improving womenbehavior for IVA screenin
Identifikasi Peran Keluarga Penderita dalam Upaya Penanganan Gangguan Jiwa Skizofrenia
Get PDFSchizophrenia is a description of the syndrome with a variety of causes and course of the disease are widespread,as well as some of the consequences that depend on the balance of genetic and socio-cultural influences.This study aims to identify the role of families of patients in Handling People with schizophrenia. Qualitative researchmethod with phenomenology approach through interviews, observation and documentation to 6 informants.The results showed that families are able to make the right decisions and take advantage of the health facility bydelivering the patient to the health center or hospital even though it was quite far away, but the family has a wrongassumption, that the hospital where care is good for patients, so the lack of family support when patients run theprogram in a mental hospital. Family didn’t know the different causes, symptoms and since when the patient beginsto experience schizophrenia, the families also do not know how to treat and modify the environment to be able tosupport the recovery people with of schizophrenia. The conclusion of this study are the ignorance of the family inproviding support while the person running the program in a psychiatric hospital, ignorance family in the know,understand, maintain and modify the environment that leads to relapse, even worse schizophrenias experienced bypatients in Sebakung Jaya Health Center
Karakteristik dan Distribusi Spasial Habitat Positif Larva Nyamuk Anopheles spp. Berdasarkan Curah Hujan
Get PDFMalaria is still a public health problem in Jayapura City. The disease is spread throughout the region withvarying number of cases. Increased transmission of malaria is affected by local conditions, including rainfall,habitat characteristics and larval habitats distribution. The aims of study were to describe habitat characteristicsand spatial distribution a habitat of positive of an Anopheles larvae spp based on rainfall in Heram District,Jayapura City. The method used is field observation with descriptive and statistical analysis approach. The resultsshowed that there were 6 breeding site Anopheles Mosquito in Heram District, namely rain puddle, puddles,moats, ponds, rivers and former tire tread. The habitat was found in Waena and Yabansai village. The larvalhabitat area is 0.04-28 m2, water depth 5-115 cm, water temperature 26.7-3.7 and water pH 6.7-7.7. A habitat ofpositive of an Anopheles larval spp were significantly affected by rainfall ie puddle (p=0.000; r=0.69), rain puddle(p=0.000; r=0.87), moats (p=0.000; r=0.57), former tire tread (p=0.047; r=0.34), pond (p= 0.000; r=0.57) andrivers (p=0.007; r=0.46 ) with determinant coefficients ranging between 0.11-0.77. Conclusion of the results ofthe study showed that rainfall affected a habitat of positive of an Anopheles larval spp in Heram Distric
Derajat Kesehatan Jasmani dan Postur Siswa Sekolah di Makassar
Get PDFThe future of the physical health status of the Indonesian nation is determined by the degree of physicalfitnessess of the young generation. Therefore, it is important to know how the status of youth physical health bymeasuring the degree of physical fitness of school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the degreeof physical health of children through measurement of body height, nutritional status, and posture of school children.A cross-sectional studywas conducted by drawing samples from four primary schools and four first middleschools in Makassar City. The schoolchild population was represented by 252 students who received physical fitnesschecks, and 228 students received special posture tests using Formetric/Pedoscan. The results showed a highproportion of children short and very short (23.7%). The proportion of children with nutritional status of skinnyand very thin as much as 29,8% accompanied by obesity group and obese 42,1%. The state of posture (somatotype)was beyond the normal limit in the form of endomorph (body shape fat) 36.5% and ectomorph (body shapeskiny)as much as 25.4%. Spinal misalignment was characterized by 27.0% kyphosis, 21.9% lordosis, and 38.2% of scoliosis.In conclusion, school students still have low physical fitness and high spinal misalignment
E-Therapy Autism Child with Multimedia Approach (EAMA) sebagai Intervensi Perubahan Psikomotor dan Afektif pada Anak Autis
Get PDFAutism is a brain disorder of pervasive development in children characterized by disturbances and delaysin the fields of cognitive, imagination, language, behavior, communication, and social interaction. Based on datafrom the Indonesian Autism Foundation in 2013, there are 250 thousand people in Palangka Raya City, 20% ofthem or around 50,000 are children and an estimated 100 children of autism. E-Therapy Autism Child with MultimediaApproach (EAMA) is an e-therapy created by researchers, which includes elements of e-learning. EAMAis a multimedia application software, a combination and development of autistic therapy method of Applied BehavioralAnalysis (ABA) and Treatment and education of autistic and Handicapped Children Related Communication(TEACCH). EAMA’s target target is children with autism to improve optimally cognitive, psychomotor andaffective in children with autism. EAMA facilitates interventions for behavior change, and enhances psychomotorabilities. In children with autism they are easier to receive information through audio visual. EAMA is a multimediathat can help parents at home while with autism children as an exercise, and also as a learning method forautism teachers in school while teaching. After EAMA then accompanied by practice or simulation on this partas an evaluation of the increase in the ability of autism children. This research was conducted at Sekolah KhususMelati Ceria (SKMC), Palangka Raya City, 30 people as samples, with total sampling. Experimental design withone group pre and post test, which measures the level of psychomotor and affective abilities of autism children,before and with an intervention with the application designed by the researcher, namely EAMA. Statistical analysistest with Wilcoxon. Research Results: Psychomotor level, before and after given the EAMA method ρ (0,000) <0,05and Z (-4,899), then there is the influence of EAMA method with psychomotor level before and after giving EAMAmethod. At the affective level, the value of ρ (0,000) <0,05 with a value of Z (Z -5,292, there is an effect of givingEAMA methods with an increase in affective value in children with autism
Analisis Status Hidrasi dan Asupan Zat Gizi Serta Air pada Ibu Hamil
Get PDFPregnancy is a specific physiological period, which is the nutritional requirements increase more than thoseof normal condition. About 50-70% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting, it was affects to the lack ofnutrient intake for mothers and infants. The sustainability of mother’s condition can cause an imbalance of body fluidwhich has impact on the mother’s hydration status. The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between characteristics,socio-economic, nutritional status, nutritional intake and water with hydration status. This study was a crosssectional study, conducted on the area of primary of public health at Kebon Jeruk Regency, West Jakarta. The subjectwere pregnant women who in the second trimester, examined pregnancy in the study area amounted to 107 subjects.Independent t-test and chi-square test were used to analyzed the data. Subjects were divided into two groups based onhydration status from urin osmolality concentration; normal and hypohydrated. The average of urine osmolality in thehypohydration group and normal, were 838.78±172.35 mOsm/Kg and 268.05±116.64 mOsm/Kg, respectively. Subject’scharacteristics (age, gestational age, body weight, height, nutritional status before pregnancy, upper arm circumference,waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure) did not differ between two groups (p≥0.05). There were no relationshipbetween edu- cation of mothers and fathers, employment status of mothers and fathers, household expenditure,and mother’s know-ledge (p≥0.05). There were differences of energy, carbohydrate and zinc intake between two groups(p<0.05), but didn’t found differences intake of (protein, fat, calcium, iron, folic acid) and water between two groups(p≥0.05). However, the mother should more attention to fulfil their nutrients and water intakes to support the foetusgrowth