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Spasial Analysis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission Based on Social, Economic, Cultural Interactions in the Slum Areas the City of Makassar
No full textThe highest number of Tuberculosis (TB) cases was in Southeast Asia with a percentage of 45%, followed by Africa 25%, West Pacific 17%, Middle East 7%, Europe 3% and American Countries 3%, while for the 5th rank, the highest Tuberculosis sufferers (56% world TB cases) are India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines and Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to observe the spread ofpulmonary tuberculosis through spatial analysis by observing the aspects of social, economic and cultural interactions in the slum areas of Makassar City. Currently, the analysis of the distribution of tuberculosis cases in Makassar City isstill in the form of aggregation, not in the form of mapping. This requiresidentification in the form of spatial analysis. This type of research is qualitative research with the in-depth interview method. The informants in the study were tuberculosis patients and were determined by Snowball Sampling. The results showed that pulmonary tuberculosis transmission based on spatial analysis in slum settlements showed that houses that were close to each other and hadsettlements that tended to be clustered had a greater risk of case transmission. Based on spatial analysis, there is diffusion of pulmonary TB cases in these residential areas. The diffusion pattern that occurs explains the addition of new cases over time. The diffusion pattern that occurs is a contagious diffusion type. Contagious Diffusion is an infection that spreads through direct contact of an individual infected with an infectious disease. Distance greatly affects the process of infectious disease transmission, so that if a person is close to the source of the infection, he will have a much greater probability of being infected when compared to individuals or areas far from the source of the disease
Anthropometry as Indicator of the Family Economic Condition
Get PDFThe prevalence of Indonesian population experiencing hunger reaches 20.1%.Anthropometry is considered capable to measure socio-economic conditionsbecause it is directly related to the financial purchasing power of food that affectsintake patterns. The aim of this study is to test the reliability of the familyanthropometry using Height for Age Z Score (HAZ) index and Body Mass Index ZScore (BMIZ) as indicator of the family economic condition. This cross-sectionalstudy design located in Astanajapura (Rural) and Kesambi (Urban) Subdistrict,Cirebon, West Java. The stratification sampling method was held to obtainsamples from all main family members of the selected households (1,999persons) from 405 families. Data analysis used ROC method to obtain the cut-offpoints of anthropometry index, validity test for sensitivity and specificity, andKappa test for the reliability test. The findings indicate that the family HAZanthropometry index could represent the family economic condition better thanthe BMIZ and it is reliable to become an indicator for the economic condition bothin rural and urban areas. There is a positive correlation between consumption percapita and the HAZ index where the higher the family HAZ z score is, the higherthe family consumption per capita. The method can be used to measure the poorprevalence in macro level and select the target of poor families in the micro levelusing the family HAZ anthropometry index. It is recommended to use HAZ indexto estimate prevalence of poor families within the micro level, but the processmust not include children under two years old due to the technical obstacleduring measurement and other substance factors. Further research is needed toproduce a more accurate method in using the family anthropometry as anindicator of family economic condition
Geospatial-Based Information Systems Model for Disaster Management of Reproductive Health
Get PDFIndonesia is a disaster-prone area, but it is often found that the response process is slow at the very beginning of a disaster. Furthermore, disasters are often unpredictable. Therefore, simulation of preparedness, mitigation, and disaster management should be conducted continuously and systematically, both in manual and electronic manner by utilizing advance technology in geospatial. The aim of this study to develop a model of geospatial-based information systems in disaster management of reproductive health sub-cluster (SIGAB KESPRO BISA) in Nusa Tenggara Barat. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with several stakeholders. To complete the methodological approach and to obtain the system requirement, a content analysis was done toward in-depth interviews result. The research continued with the development of information system models. The analysis results by in-depth interview indicate the availability of infrastructure and the importance of the system offered. The SIGAB KESPRO BISA model needs to be composed of three main functions, namely preparedness and mitigation systems, logistics distribution, and reproductive health services. The design of the SIGAB KESPRO BISA model has been built to facilitate the process of developing the SIGAB KESPRO BISA application system so that disaster management can be carried out with high effectiveness and efficiency
Akses Sanitasi, Merokok dan Annual Parasite Incidence Malaria sebagai Prediktor Stunting Baduta di Indonesia
Get PDFThe proportion of stunting above 20%, indicates that there are still public health problems in Indonesia. The impact of stunting not only affects stature with all the consequences of disruption of growth and development, but also affects the economic productivity of a country. The purpose of this study was to develop predictive models that are responsive stunting in children under-2 years in Indonesia. The development of the index model used mathematical formulations using the TPB/SDGs indicator and food environment indicators. Aggregate data from 16-time series were selected from 34 provinces in Indonesia in the span of 4 years (2015-2018). Furthermore, the model validation used the backward regression method with IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. The results showed that households have access to proper sanitation services (X9), smoking habits of the population aged ≥15 years (X14) and Annual Parasite Incidence (API) malaria per 1000 population (X12) was a responsive predictor of under-2 children stunting in Indonesia. The prediction model was expressed by the equation with an R2 value of 49.9% and Radj value of 44.9%. This study recommended fulfilling access to household sanitation facilities, especially in malaria endemic areas and households that have smoker family members
Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) Efektif Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah
Get PDFHyperglycemia can be managed by non-pharmacotherapy by consuming herbal plants. Examples of plants that can be used are soursop leaves. The study aims to determine the effect of soursop leaves on blood sugar levels in the people of Kuwaru Village, Poncosari, Sandakan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with pre and post-test control group. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling with a large sample of 86 respondents consisting of a control group of 43 respondents and an intervention group of 43 respondents. Research instruments are Glucometer and observation sheets. Data analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Median random blood sugar in the pretest and posttest control group was 94.00 mg/dL and 98.00 mg/dL. Median random blood sugar in the pretest and posttest intervention group 129.00 mg/dL and 105.00 mg/dL. The results of the bivariate control group (p = 0.202). The results of the bivariate intervention group (p = 0.005). The results of the bivariate control group and the intervention group (p = 0.019). There were differences in pretest and posttest blood sugar in the intervention group, it can be concluded that Soursop leaves effectively reduce the random blood sugar of Residents in Kuwaru Village, Poncosari, Srandakan, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Challenges and Solutions in Implementing a Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach
Get PDFThe Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach (PISPK) is conducted bypuskesmas by integrating existing resources, with the family’s target. All familieswill get access to comprehensive health services. The implementation of PISPKsince 2016 has not been optimal because it has many obstacles. The analysis aimsto identify the obstacles, and to find solutions to implemented PISPK optimally.Implementation research was carried out using Participatory Action Research(PAR). The team (researcher and subject) implemented PISPK together based onstages that integrated into puskesmas management, at 4 puskesmas in SouthLampung. Researchers assisted and recorded data collected qualitatively (self-assessment, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion), and quantitatively.There are any obstacles occurred in the implementation of PISPK such as theabsence of regulations and cross-sectoral supports; lack of knowledge andsupport from village officials, community leaders, and the public; limitedresources; lack of understanding of the substantive; application; lack of dataanalysis capabilities. These obstac-les can be minimized by making somebreakthroughs, such as advocacy and issuance of local government regulations onPISPK involving cross-sectors; increase socialization; periodic coordination,monitoring, and evaluation; making innovations (On Job Training, collaborationwith universities and health volunteer, Healthy Family Coverage Pocket Book,developing data analysis methods). The implementation of PISPK has manyobstacles that can be minimized by optimizing existing potentials and supportfrom stakeholders. Puskesmas need to increase socialization; team organizing;data analysis; coordination, and routine monitoring evaluation. Pusdatin needs toimprove KS applications to be more user-friendly
Antenatal Yoga and Murottal Al-Quran Therapy Decreasing Anxiety and Blood Pressure of Preeclampsia Risk Women
Get PDFPregnant women experience significant changes in physiological andpsychological functions. The process of adjusting to this new condition oftencauses anxiety. One of the pregnancy complications that is affected by anxiety ispreeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of antenatalyoga and murottal Al-Quran therapy on pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia.This study was conducted in primary health care in Majalengka, Indonesia, usingtrue experiment (pretest-posttest control group) design as many 40 respondentsdivided into 4 groups, Antenatal Yoga (AY), the Murottal Al-Qur’an Therapy(MAT), combination of yoga and murottal al-Quran, and control group.Respondents were taken by cluster and simple random sampling. The anxiety,blood pressure, sFlt-1, and PIGF levels of all respondents were measured after 12interventions. Data were analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and One-way Anova tests.The antenatal yoga, murottal Al-Qur\u27an therapy, and its combination significantlydecrease anxiety (p=0.007), systole (p=0.006), and diastole (p=0.001) in pregnantwomen with the risk of preeclampsia. There were no significant differences ofsFlt-1 (p=0.286), PIGF (p=680) and ratio of sFlt-1/PIGF (p=969) among groups.The antenatal yoga, Murottal Al-Qur\u27an therapy, and it\u27s combination effectdecreasing anxiety and blood pressure in pregnant women with the risk ofpreeclampsia in Majalengka
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Strategi Koping Masyarakat yang Tinggal Berdampingan dengan Penderita Skizofrenia
Get PDFThe increasing number of patients with schizophrenia in the community requires positive support from all parties so that they can be more productive and independent. Stigma and discrimination that are still prevalent become the biggest obstacles to the community coping strategies in responding to the presence of patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the coping strategies of people living side by side with patients with schizophrenia. This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was the people who live around patients with schizophrenia in the working area of Bantur Community Health Center, Malang Regency, East Java. There were 138 respondents selected based on the multi-stage random sampling technique. The predictor variables examined were problem appraisal (X1), social capital (X2), and social support (X3). Data were analyzed using logistic regression tests. The results of the study indicate that the fac-tor that influences community coping strategies is social capital (X2). The resulting regression equation is Y = 5.627 + 0.733X1 + 1.739X2 - 0.021X3. Therefore, it can be concluded that social capital is a predictor that in-fluences community coping strategies. It is therefore recommended that the community could strengthen their social capital to help the recovery of patients with schizophrenia
Kejadian Mild Cognitive Impairement pada Petani Tembakau Pengguna Pestisida di Kabupaten Jember
Get PDFMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of cognitive decline that can precede the emergence of Alzheimer\u27s Disease (AD). The populations most at risk are farmers who apply pesticides to their crops. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, length of working, and pesticide use (frequency and duration of spraying) with the incidence of MCI in tobacco farmers in Jember District. The type of this study was observational analytic with cross sectional design. The respondents of this research were 200 farmers in the district area, with stratified sampling method. Data analysis used the chi-square statistical test. The results showed that most respondents were aged ≥ 45 years and most respondents had working period of > 10 years. Most respondents sprayed pesticides 3-4 times in 1 month and the duration of spraying was evenly divided into two groups, ≤ 2 hours and> 2 hours. The results of bivariate analysis showed that in the study respondents, there was no relationship between age, years of working, and frequency of pesticide spraying with MCI, but there was a relationship between the length of pesticide spraying (p = 0,026) with MCI. Based on these results, it is necessary to educate tobacco farmers, especially in Jember Regency about the dangers of pesticides and to shorten the duration of pesticide spraying
Household Factors Associated with Underweight in Children 24-59 Month in Urban and Rural in Indonesia
Get PDFThe underweight still remains a public health problem for toddlers in Indonesia. The purpose of the study to identify the factors related to the underweight incident for toddlers at 24-59 months in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. This research used cross-sectional study design. This study used secondary data on the Total Diet Study-Individual Food Consumption Survey of 2014. The sample size in this study was 5165 toddlers from 24-59 months and distinguished by urban and rural areas. Bivariate Analysis used chi square. This study estimates that 20.3% of children aged 24-59 months were underweight with a greater proportion in rural areas 22.5%. Significant factors related to the underweight incidence in the urban and rural areas were the father\u27s education level (urban; p = 0.02 and rural; p = 0.005) and mother’s education level (urban; p = 0.001 and rural; p = 0.005), number of household members (urban; p = 0.03 and rural; p = 0.012), and energy adequacy level (urban; p = 0.012 and rural; p = 0.005). The factor that was estimated to be significantly related to the underweight incidence just in rural areas as children’s age (p = 0.012), the total number of children in one house (p = 0.047). Multisectoral collaboration is needed to reduce nutritional problems, especially in rural areas. The efforts to improve community nutrition by improving the socio-economic condition of the community should be based on regional capabilities and local wisdom in the region