Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
Not a member yet
560 research outputs found
Sort by
Telomere Length Determination Based on Different Sex and Leaf Development of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) Revealed by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Get PDFTelomere has special roles at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that consisting of repeated DNA sequences. It protects chromosomes and DNA from damage. The plant sex and the leaf development may change in telomere length. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) is dioecious plants that have female and male organs on separate plants. The aim of this research is to determine the telomere length of snake fruit from different plant sex and the leaf development. In this research, we observed telomere length in snake fruit (female and male plants) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure. The results from this study showed that telomere lengths of male and female are equal. Telomere lengths in the leaf development showed that younger leaves of both male and female leaves are longer compared to older and dried leaves
Water Use Efficiency in Vertical Cropping System with Volcanic Ash Media by Using Biochar and Urban Waste Compost Fertilizer as Soil Amendement
Get PDFApplying volcanic ash as planting media has to cope with several constrains: it quickly became sediment and hardened when exposed to water. One of the efforts to improve its physical condition is by utilizing biochar, which is one of amendment materials that can improve the soil quality. This study used vertical column container made from PVC to enable vertical plant arrangement. Volcanic ash requires additional nutrient intake from organic fertilizer such as urban waste compost. The objective of this study was to identify the proper dose combination of volcanic ash, biochar, urban waste compost fertilizer and column population per m2 to sustain the growth of curly lettuce in vertical cropping system, as well as the water use efficiency. This study was designed by using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial with three factors. The first, second and third factors consisted of Biochar M1, M2 and M3 (25; 33; and 50 %), compost fertilizer doses of K1, K2, and K3 (25; 33; and 50 %), and column density of P1, P2 and P3 (4 columns/m2, 3 columns/m2 and 2 columns/m2), respectively. The total combination was 3 x 3 x 3 and each was repeated 3 times. Resulted data of this study consisted of growth and crops and analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance and continued with the HSD Tukey 5% Test (Honest significant deference). The water use efficiency (g/kg) can be formulated as the production of dry material per total water during the cultivation season (g/kg). Results of this study showed the highest fresh consumption result was obtained from treatment M3K3 in 556 g/column (comparison of volcanic ash, charcoal husk and compost = 25 : 25 : 50 %) and the best water-use efficiency was 2.30 g/kg
Tolerance of T2 Generation ‘Kitaake’ Rice (Oryza sativa L.) CRISPR/Cas9-OsGA20ox-2 Mutant Strains to Drought Condition
Get PDFRice (Oryza sativa L.) is important staple crop in Indonesia. Food demand that continues to rise while inadequate land could be managed by assembling superior cultivar using CRISPR-Cas9 system method. Editing the genome by mutating the GA20ox-2 gene could improve both crop yield and ability to thrive in marginal land (drought). This experiment aims to obtain non-transgenic mutant plants (non Cas9 and hpt genes), gain information on GA20ox-2 gene expression levels, and study the tolerance levels of the CRISPR /Cas9-OsGA20ox-2 mutant lines 'Kitaake' T2 generation against drought conditions. Planting material using a mutant gene GA20ox 2 ‘Kitaake’ (K23.1, K15, K29.1, K19.1) and wild-type comparison. From 20 plants, respectively the K23.1, K15, K29.1, and K19.1 lines have 50%, 50%, 0%, and 45% of non-transgenic plants. DNA mutations in the form of deletion 44 bases (K23.1, K29.1, K19.1) and insertion of two bases (K15) are transcribed into RNA. The transcription results in a number of lower amino acids compare to its wild type (389 amino acids). The lines K23.1, K29.1, K19.1 have 373 amino acids and the K15 line has 300 amino acids (frameshift). Differences in the number of amino acids result in different phenotypic expressions. K15 mutant line has lower plant height and leaf length than the other mutant lines and wild type. The decrease does not decrease the potential of the crop. Mutations in the K15 line did not indicate better tolerant response to drought stress than other mutant lines and wild type in both vegetative and generative phase.
Correlation Between Secondary Metabolites of Leaf and the Resistance to Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) on Several Arabica Coffee Clones
No full textIndicator of coffee resistance to leaf rust attack (Hemileia vastatrix) is needed to select superior coffee plants resistant to biotic stress. This study aims to find the relationship between the content of secondary metabolites and the intensity of leaf rust attack, so that it becomes a reference in the selection of future coffee plants. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with several coffee clones as a treatment. This test tested 5 Arabica coffee clones consisting of Komasti, Maragogik, Usda, Andong sari, and HDT clones. Each consists of 3 replications, and each replication consists of 2 sample plants. Observations were made by observing the intensity of the attack, and plant metabolites such as phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed when the leaves had been attacked by Hemileia vastatrix. Correlation of leaf rust attack levels with phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity showed a relationship between each observation variable. Flavonoid content in certain conditions can be used as an indicator to get Arabica coffee plants that are resistant to the attack of leaf rust
Compatibility Between Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) and Neem Extract against Brown Plant-Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)
Get PDFBeauveria bassiana fungi and neem extract as botanical insecticide can be combined to get the synergizing effect to control brown planthopper (BPH). This study was conducted to determine the best combination between the spore density of B. bassiana and concentration of neem extract to control BPH effectively. The two factorial treatment consisted concentration of B. bassiana (106 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and 107 CFU) and concentration of neem extract (5%, 10%, 15%), and control. The treatments were assigned in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD at 5%. The test was conducted in vitro and bio assay of testing insects, BPH, was conducted using dipping method. B. bassiana was suitable with neem extract with T value ranged from 78.58- 90.38. The mortality of BPH occurred on day 5 after application. The highest mortality (91.67%) occurred on the treatment with B. bassiana 107 CFU + neem extract 10%. The shortest LT50 was found at the treatment of B. bassiana 106 CFU+ neem extract 15% (2.74 days) but not significantly different from B. bassiana 107 CFU + neem extract 15% (2.76 days). B. bassiana spores combined with neem extract are assumed to speed up the mortality of BPH by increasing the concentration
The Effect of Urease Inhibitors Coated Urea on the Growth, Physiological Activities and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Inceptisol Jogonalan, Klaten
Get PDFAn approach to minimize the loss of nitrogen (N) evaporating from urea is by inhibiting urease activity by urea coating with N- (n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and N- (n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT). The effect of urease inhibitor to minimize N loss has not been done in inceptisol soil. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of urease inhibitor coated urea on growth, physiological activity and yield of maize in Inceptisol Jogonalan, Klaten, Indonesia. The treatment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications namely N0 (without fertilizer), N1 (urea + NBPT 348 kg ha-1) and N2 (urea + NBPT 278 kg ha-1). All treated plants was fertilized once in one growing season 3 weeks after planting (WAP). Observations were done on several variables: soil physicochemical characteristics, plant physiological activity as well as growth and yield of maize. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and then the mean comparisons were done by using Least Significance Difference (LSD) test at 5%. The results showed that fertilization affected all observed variables. The effect of urea-coated urea inhibitor urease (NBPT+NPPT) compared with N0 (control) showed very optimum result, especially in N2 treatment. The urea coated with NBPT + NPPT (urease inhibitors) was more effective at lower dose of 278 kg ha-1 and tended to provide better results indicated by the growth and yield of maize in Inceptisol, Jogonalan, Klaten. The better growth as well as the higher yield of maize that was indicated by seed weight of 11,45 tons ha-1 and 100-seed weight of 37.75 g were obtained from N2 treatment as compared to other treatments. The hybrid maize (P35) has an optimum yield potential of 12.1 tons of dry pipes per hectare
Genetic Variation in Selected Individuals Based on Number of Capsule in M5 Sesame Mutan Lines Detected by RAPD
Get PDFSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is major oilseed crops with advantages in health and food industry. Due to self pollinated crop, breeding program in sesame utilized gamma rays irradiation to increase genetic variation. The research material consisted of 164 genotypes from 22 selected individual mutant line based on the number of capsules in M5 generation. This study is to detect genetic variation in selected individuals based on number of capsules in M5 generation of sesame mutant line using RAPD markers. The analysis consists of percentage of polymorphic loci, analysis of molecular variance and visualized in cluster and co-ordinate analysis. Fifteen primers RAPD were able to amplified 237 loci. Each genotype in populations had the similarity coefficient of 0.29 – 0.85. Variance within selected individual line (66%) was higher than variance among selected mutant lines (34%). Variance in each selected individual line contributed to its high value. Line 34 showed the lowest polymorphism (23.21%) and line 19 depicted the highest polymorphism (61.60%).
Frost Hazard Assessment on Agricultural Land to Achieve Resilient Agriculture in Dieng Volcanic Highland, Central Java
No full textDieng Volcanic Highland is one of the most intensive potato agricultural land in Indonesia, as well as frost disaster prone area. Frost indicated by appearance of frozen dew on the ground or vegetation surface due to cold temperatures during dry season. Frost causes damage to leaf tissue in potato plants, resulting crop failure and losses of up to tens of millions. Disaster management needs to be assess in order to achieve Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) on agricultural land. This research aims to identify frost hazard areas based on local physical characteristics, analyze frost impacts on agricultural land, and provide preparedness recommendation to reduce the impact of frost disasters in Dieng Volcanic Highland. Research was conducted in Dieng Village, Wonosobo and Dieng Kulon Village, Banjarnegara. Method to assess hazard level was performed by spatial mapping technology using ArcGIS and comprehensive analysis using frost assessment through combinations of geomorphology, land use, proximity to water bodies and weather aspects. Dieng Volcanic Highland has a 125.59 hectare frost hazard areas, as many as 58.4 hectares of hazard areas are dominated by high level, while 24.84 hectares are moderate level and 42.95 hectares are low level. Cropland dominated by potato commodity has the highest hazard level, frost incident causing agricultural commodities to wither to death so that farmers experience losses. Frost losses in Dieng have a range from 800 thousand rupiah to over 155 million rupiah and only destructive on potato farm. In order to encourage agricultural resilience and reduce the loss of frost disasters, effort of preparedness can be done by passively and actively methods. Passive methods includes site selection, early warning system, shifting commodities, cropland modification, and appropriate calendar planting. Active methods includes frost modification using heaters, blower and sprinkle irrigation, and cropland covering using mulch, plastic or nets
The Growth and Flowering of Potted Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) on Types of Organic Media and Watering Frequent
Get PDFThe soils in Samigaluh are mostly dominated by clay and used by farmer for crops production. The growing media for potted chrysanthemum requires additional organic media that could be mixed with the organic material to improve chemical and physical soil properties. Furthermore, the research location is a region with little water in dry season. The research aimed to determine the growth and flower yield response of Avanthe agrihorti to the different organic material mixed with clay and watering frequency. The research was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replications, conducted at an altitude of 462 m above sea level in the village of Gerbosari, Samigaluh, from March to June 2018. The main plot was watering frequency, i.e. every day, every three days and every five days. The subplot was types of media, i.e. clay + manure, clay + manure + cocopeat, clay + manure +rice husk, and clay + manure + rice husk charcoal. Data on the growth and yield of chrysanthemum plants were observed and statistically analyzed with ANOVA and continued with DMRT test at 5%. The results showed that the types of media and watering frequency did not significantly give different effect on most of the observed variables. However, Avanthe Agrihorti planted on clay + manure + cocopeat at all watering frequencies showed better growth and yield of flowers than those planted on other media. The efficient watering frequency for Avanthe Agrihorti was every three days. This study provides information for farmers on an alternative method to prepare the best media for the cultivation of potted chrysanthemum on the soil clay.
The Effect of Furrow Containing Organic Matters to Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield in Agroforestry System with Kayu Putih
Get PDFThis research was aimed to know the effects of the furrow system containing organic matter for rainfed, to growth and yield of several varieties on agroforestry system with Kayu Putih. The research was conducted in Petak 83 Resort Pengelolaan Hutan (RPH) Menggoran, Bagian Daerah Hutan (BDH) Playen, Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Yogyakarta from March to August of 2018. The experimental design applied the strip plot design. The vertical factor was the furrow system of treatment consisting of 2 levels i.e, without furrow + without organic matter and furrow + organic matters. The horizontal factors were the varieties of upland rice consisting of 3 varieties i.e. Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit, and Ciherang. Then the collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) applying a level of significance α = 5%. Whenever the significant differences among treatments were found, further analysis was carried out by applying the Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at 5% levels. The result showed that furrow containing organic matter was able to support plant growth in dry land. Situ Patenggang has highest adaptation to growth dan produce in drought stress. The combination of furrow containing organic matter with Situ Patenggang showed the best result in CGR, total root length, total chlorophyll content, number of panicle, number of spikelet per panicle, 1000 grain weight and estimated productivity