Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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Pengaruh Pemupukan N, P, K Dan S Terhadap Dinamika Hara Di Lahan Kering Alfisol dan Tanaman Kacang Tanah
No full textThe Use Of Pulse Field GelElectrophoresis For Megaplasmid Isolatioan Of Pseudomonas solanacearum
No full textEffect of Cropping Pattern and Fertilizer Dose Applied in Raised-Bed on The Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Sunken-Bed of The Surjan Rice Field
Get PDFSurjan system (alternating bed system) is an agricultural system that combines dry and wet bedding system. It integrates food crop culture in the sunken-bed and annual crops in the raised-bed of the rainfed rice field. In Bantul, farmers commonly apply Surjan system in rice field by growing shallot (Allium cepa L. aggregatum group) and chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in the raised-bed, whereas no crop is grown in the sunken-bed. This present experiment evaluated the utilization of the sunken-bed for rice cultivation by utilizing fertilizer runoff from the raised-bed. Rice plants in the sunken-bed were not fertilized due to the expectation that it could utilize the fertilizer runoff from the raised-bed. The cropping pattern and the fertilizer dose in the raised-bed are suspected to affect the growth and yield of rice in the sunken-bed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cropping pattern and fertilizer dose applied in raised-bed on the growth and yield of rice in sunken-bed of the Surjan rice field. This study were laid out in a split plot design with three replication. The main plot consists of two cropping pattern, namely shallot monoculture and intercropping shallot with chili. The fertilizer dose applied in raised-bed, namely 100% farmer's habit; 50% farmer’s habit; and 25% farmers' habit, occupying the sub plot. Dose of fertilizer applied in riased- bed according to the farmer's habit in research locatin is 622 kg NPK/ha (16-16-16) ; 228 kg ZA/ha and 76 kg KCl/ha. The results showed that there was no interaction between the cropping pattern and the fertilizer dose applied in the raised-bed on the growth and yield of rice in the sunken-bed. Compared with shallot monoculture, intercropping shallot with chili in raised-bed decreased the growth of rice in the sunken-bed. Compared with the 100% fertilizer dosage of farmer's habits, the fertilizer dose of 50% of the farmer's habits in the raised-bed increased the growth of rice in the sunken-bed. Cropping pattern and fertilizer dose in the raised-bed did not significantly affect the rice yield grown in the sunken-bed of the Surjan rice field
Genetic Parameter Evaluation on Advanced Generations of A Cross to Improve Magelang Local Black Rice Cultivars
No full textEvaluating genetic selection parameters of a cross between a local blackgrained rice cultivar from Magelang and an improved rice cultivar ‘Situbagendit’ is necessary to check the efffectiveness of selection in advanced generations, i.e. F4, F5 and F6 generation. The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate changing in several genetic parameters of the generations so that we can assess the selection effectiveness. Randomly picked 48 lines of F4, F5 and F6 generation, respectively, along with their parents, were evaluated on a farmer’s field in Pakem, Yogyakarta from May until September 2016. The experiment was arranged in an incomplete randomized design with two replications. Seed of each F4, F5 and F6 lines with their parents were planted in 1 m × 2 m plot, with 20 cm × 20 cm plant spacing. For each plot 40 individuals were planted. The agronomic characters were evaluated: plant height, productive tillers, pericarp color, full grains, empty grains, weight of 1000 seeds, days to flowering and days to maturing. Genetic variances, heritability and expected genetic gain among and within family from the advanced generations were evaluated and compared. Results showed that heritability and genetic gains value whether from selected or unselected generation need more emphasis on within family selection especially in generative (full grains, empty grains and weight of 1000 seed) characters
Pedogenesis of Mt. Sumbing Volcanic Ash above The Alteration Clay Layer in The Formation of Landslide Susceptible Soils in Bompon Sub-Watershed
Get PDFNumerous researches on landslides have been carried out by many researches. However, studies on soil physical properties related to landslides potential in volcanic area are still rare. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil physical properties on landslides potential. To collect the soil sample, sampling area method was applied. The soil type used in this study was the residual soil. The values of clay liquid limit, plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index were used to measure the physical properties of the soil. Organic material was used as the supporting data. The results showed that the soil in the command area showed high value of clay which exceeded 50%. Such high level conditions in each profile affect the liquid limit; plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index and organic material. Based on the results, it can be concluded that residual soils with significantly high clay values illustrated the risk of landslide fields formation in Bompon sub-watershed. The clay soil layer was the controlled factor of soil movement
The Effects of Silica on Growth and Yield of Chrysanthemum Plants (Dendranthema Sp.) Cultivar Sheena and Snow White
Get PDFSilica is one of beneficial nutrient in plants. Silica functions to strengthen epidermal wall and vascular tissues so that it can affect the stems that are getting bigger and stronger. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of silica fertilizers on growth and yield of chrysanthemum plants in Sheena and Snow White varieties that have different anatomies. The present study used Split Plot Design. The main plot was the concentration of silica with 4 levels, i.e. 0 mg/l/m2, 31.1 mg/l/m2, 62.2 mg/l/m2, and 93.3 mg/l/m2. The subplots were two varieties, Sheena and Snow White. The present study revealed that Si fertilizers with 62.2 mg/L concentration could accelerate harvest age and the stem hardness in Snow White aged 45 days. The Snow White which has bark stem anatomy was more responsive to silica fertilizers than the Sheena with the woody stem anatomy. This research provides benefits for researchers, farmers and policy stakeholders to increased yield and quality for local and international market competition
The Effects of Urea Fertilizing Techniques on Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays) in Vertisol Playen, Gunungkidul
No full textCorn production can be increased by proper urea fertilizers. Fertilization techniques commonly used by farmers are broadcast or buried into soil. But in both of these techniques can make to lose urea faster, because nature of urea is easily changed to ammonium (NH4+), then changed to ammonia (NH3) which leads to volatilization or leaching. This study aims to compare urea fertilization techniques commonly used by farmers and their effects on the growth and yield of corn in Vertisol on rainy season. The research method used was a single factor in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four blocks as replications. The treatments were without urea (N1), buried urea into soil (N2), and broadcast of urea (N3), with a urea dose of 348 kg/ha obtained from soil sampling analysis. The observation of parameters (1) Climatic condition, (2) physical and chemical characters of soil, (3) Plant height, (4) Effect N fertilization on root and shoot, (5) Chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity, (6) observations of harvested. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% levels, and continued Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at test level of 5%. The results showed that fertilization affecteds all parameters. Buried into soil (N2) and broadcast (N3) technique was significantly different only in leaf N content that is 3,31% (N2), 2,16% (N3) and also in higher plant, but not significantly different in other variables. Based on this research, farmers still use broadcast techniques because they are more efficient in terms of time and energy
GGE Biplot Analysis of Multi-Environment Yield Trials in Soybean Promising Lines
Get PDFSoybean in Indonesia is grown in diverse agro-ecological environments. The performance of soybean yield often varies due to significant genotype × environment interaction (GEI), therefore the yield stability of performance is an important consideration in the breeding program. The aim of the research was to exploring the GEI pattern and yield stability of soybean promising lines in the tropics using GGE (Genotype and Genotype by Environment Interaction) biplot method. A total of 16 soybean promising lines were evaluated in ten environments during 2016 growing season. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with four replicates. The analysis of variance revealed that environments (E) explained the highest percentage of variation (51.45%), meanwhile the genotypes (G) and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) contributed for 3.24%, and 14.59% of the total variation, respectively. Seed yield of 16 soybean promising lines ranged from 2.41 to 2.83 t.ha-1 with an average of 2.74 t.ha-1. Joint effects of genotype and interaction (G+GE) which was partitioned using GGE biplot analysis showed that the first two components were significant, explaining 60.88% (37.89% PC1 and 22.98% PC2) of the GGE sum of squares. Indonesia can be divided into at least four putative mega environments for soybean production. The GGE biplot identified G10 as high yielding and stable promising line, thus recommended to be developed in multi-environment in tropical regions of Indonesia
Biochemical Changes of Three Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) Under Drought Stress
Get PDFDrought stress is a serious threat for cocoa production. One of the plant mechanisms to survive from the drought stress is through producing some biochemical compounds. The objective of this research was to know biochemical changes in three cocoa clones during drought stress. The research was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute from January – December 2017. The experiment was designed by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors and with 3 replications. The first factor was clones of scion that consisting KW 641, Sulawesi 1 and ICS 60 which each of its grafted to Scavina 6 clone as rootstock. The second factor was watering intervals which consisting; every 2 days / regularly watering (adequate of water), every 5 days (moderate drought), and every 8 days (severe drought). The result of this research showed that drought stress decreased chlorophyll content, increased hydrogen peroxide content (ROS), increased the activity of superoxide dismutation (SOD), increased ascorbic acid content, increased total phenolic content, and increased proline content. Sulawesi 1 and KW 641 clones showed lower hydrogen peroxide (ROS) content, while chlorophyll content, SOD activity, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and proline content were higher compared with ICS 60 clone. It showed that Sulawesi 1 and KW 641 clones had more drought-resistance compared with ICS 60 clone
The Effect of Priming Duration with Salicylic Acid under Salinity Stress on Growth and Leaf Anatomy of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFSalinity stress is known for adverse effect on plants. Priming with salicylic acid was able to improve plant performance under salinity stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of priming duration with salicylic acid on growth, leaf anatomy and the optimal priming duration for sweet corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. The experiment was based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors and five replications. The first factor was priming duration with salicylic acid (2 mM) with four different durations (0, 12, 18 and 24 h). The second factor was the level of salinity (NaCl 0% and 3%). Parameters observed were germination percentage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf proline content, leaf anatomy and stomatal density. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that 18-h priming duration observed as the highest germination percentage which was 7% higher than control. Priming for 24 h showed phytotoxic effect for sweet corn on the germination phase by reducing the percentage of germination. The application of salicylic acid mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on maize seedlings and considerably improved root and shoot growth, photosynthetic pigments, fresh weight, dry weight, proline content, and stomatal density, as well as could maintaining the leaf anatomy. The optimal priming duration with salicylic acid for sweet corn seedlings under 3 % salinity was 18 h