Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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Tuber yield, morphology, and chemical properties variability of sweet cassava germplasm
Get PDFIn Indonesia, the superior sweet cassava varieties are still limited due to the situation on which the majority of the superior varieties -bitter varieties- are used as industrial raw material until now. Therefore the availability of new high yielding of sweet cassava varieties is still needed. Assembling varieties requires the support of germplasm that has identified its superiority. The research objective was to evaluate tuber yield, morphology, and physico-chemical properties of cassava tuber from sweet cassava germplasm. A total of 75 accessions were characterized in Jambegede research station in February-November 2016, using Randomized Block Design. Variables observed included plant height, number of plants at harvest, harvest index, number and weight of tuber yield, and starch content. Physico-chemical analysis of tubers was carried out on 15 accessions with high tuber yields. Plant height at harvest was 393.2 cm in average. There were 10 accessions of sweet cassava with high fresh tuber yields ranging from 36.61 ton.ha-1 to 61.64 ton.ha-1, i.e MLG 10366, MLG 10365, MLG 10318, MLG 10197, MLG 10325, MLG 10341, MLG 10018, MLG 10279, MLG 10298, and MLG 10263. Physico-chemical analysis showed that the average of HCN content was 9.40 ppm, moisture content of 59.5 %, starch content of 28.8 % wb, and amylose content of 11.0 % wb. The bitter cassava with steamed tuber texture not cracked had relatively higher levels of HCN and water content, which was 82.88 ppm and 74.8 %, while the starch and amylose content was relatively lower (15.8 % wb and 5.5 % wb)
Amylose profile and rice grain morphology of selected F6 lines derived from a crossing of Black Rice and Mentik Wangi for the development of waxy pigmented rice
Get PDFResearch on rice plant breeding to get superior black rice varieties with tender rice texture can be carried out by crossing Black Rice and Mentik Wangi variety. The rice lines derived from a crossing of these two varieties have recently reached the F6 line. The texture of rice is distinguished by the amylose content. The lower of the rice amylose, the more tender of the rice texture, and vice versa. This study aimed to find out the profile of amylose content and the grains morphology of the lines that will be developed as waxy pigmented rice. Analysis of amylose content was carried out using iodine-colorimetry methods. The quantification of amylose was measured based on the regression of the standard amylose curve. The results showed that all the F6 lines had the potential to be developed as waxy pigmented rice. Based on the Kruskall Wallis test, there was a variance in the amylose profile average of the eight genotypes. In terms of grains morphology, the line 482-17-7 and 482-17-18 had a combination colour between the two parents. In addition, there was a significant difference in grains size between the genotypes and the grain size of all lines were classified in the medium size. F6 lines resulted from the crossing between Black Rice and Mentik Wangi are recommended to be used as superior varieties of waxy pigmented rice
The application of rock phosphate increases the growth and yield of rice on acid sulphate soil of South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Get PDFA swampland has considerable potential in agriculture. This land has high soil acidity level, and high iron content. Therefore, the application of ameliorant to acid sulfate soil is essential to improve the soil and make it more suitable for rice cultivation. This study aimed to know the effects of phosphorus (P) from Moroccan Rock Phosphate (MRP) and fertilization on swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted at the experimental location of Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI), Puntik Village, Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan and arranged in a randomized nested design consisting of 100 kg.ha-1 TSP (Control), 750 kg.ha-1, 1,000 kg.ha-1, and 1,250 kg.ha-1 Moroccan rock phosphate with four replications in each treatment. The yield component of grain increased significantly at 3.77 ton.ha-1. The highest of grain yield was obtained in the application of 1,000 kg.ha-1 MRP. Meanwhile, significant positive correlation was observed between plant height and the number of spikelets per panicle. The application of phosphate fertilizer can increase soil pH, which affects the growth and yield of rice plants such as plant height and yield
The growth analysis of soybean cultivars on the application of banana pseudo-stem bokashi in Samas Coastal Land, Yogyakarta
Get PDFA coastal sandy land is a potential land used for soybean cultivation. The success in developing soybeans in coastal sandy land depends on the suitability of cultivars used and the cultivation technology applied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the growth of twelve soybean cultivars in coastal sandy land as affected by the application of banana pseudo-stem bokashi. The experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment factors consisted of rates of bokashi (0, 20, 40, and 60 ton.ha-1) and 12 soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, Demas 1, Dena 1, Devon 1, Gamasugen 1, Gema, Gepak Ijo, Grobogan, Kaba, and Slamet). The net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, and root and shoot dry weight were affected by the bokashi rates, with varying responses according to the soybean cultivar. Demas 1 cultivar was the most adaptive cultivar in coastal sandy land based on its ability to accumulate dry matter of plants. The accumulation of dry matter of roots and shoots increased with bokashi application and the optimum rate were 42.83 ton.ha-1 and 45.56 ton.ha-1, respectively
Expression of Phytase gene in transgenic maize with seed-specific promoter 27-kDa γ Zein and constitutive promoter CaMV 35S
Get PDFPhytase enzymes are applied to animal feed to help animals absorb more nutrients. The use of feed raw materials containing phytase enzymes is expected to reduce the cost of animal feed production. Efforts to increase the phytase content in maize were carried out by improving genetics, in the way of assembling transgenic plants containing high phytase content. The 27-kDa γ Zein promoter is a specific promoter that expresses genes in caryopsis, and promoter CaMV 35S is a constitutive promoter that controls gene expression in all tissues and generally does not depend on the growth phase. Transgenic maize was transformed using Agrobacterium tumefacien infection method on maize B104. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach was used to examine the expression of phytase genes in leaves, roots, and caryopsis was done 10, 20, and 30 days after pollination (DAP). The phytase enzyme activity test was also carried out by using the colorimetric phosphomolybdate analysis method to see the phytase enzyme activity in unit µg-1. The results showed that the phytase gene in transgenic plants with the 27-kDa γ Zein promoter was highly expressed in maize caryopsis, but in line Z6.10 was also expressed in leaves, while in the CaMV 35S promoter the phytase gene was only expressed on the leaves. Phytase enzyme activity showed that transgenic maize was higher than non-transgenic maize
Chromosome status and yield characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr)) in saline soil as affected by induced mutation
Get PDFTo fulfill the demand of soybeans, the expansion of the planting area can be one of the choices through the conversion of marginal land by utilizing suboptimal land, such as saline soil. One of the plant breeding techniques to obtain tolerant plants to salinity is the use of chemical mutations, such as colchicine. The study aimed to reveal the effect of salinity on the characters of soybean plants (mutated with colchicine) and the effect of colchicine on the number of chromosomes and ploidy level. This study was conducted from January to March 2020 and carried out in the plastic house of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with salinity levels (0 dS.m-1, 2 dS.m-1, 4 dS.m-1, 6 dS.m-1) as treatments and consisted of ten replications in each treatment. The result showed that the soybean plants were not successfully induced by colchicine at a concentration of 0.04 % with soaking duration of 10 hours, as indicated by the number of chromosomes and analysis of ploidy level. The soybeans that had been induced were planted in saline soil. There were significant effects observed on the productive branch, number of filled pods, and the weight of seeds per plant. Colchicine treatment did not successfully affect the number of chromosomes of soybeans but had an impact on the chromosome pattern. In addition, the salinity treatment of 4 dS.m-1 significantly affected the number of filled pods compared to the treatment of 6 dS.m-1
Evaluation of the crossings between local and drought-tolerant rice varieties using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker
Get PDFTwo cultivars of local rice, namely Mentik Wangi and Mentik Susu, have been grown around west to south flank of Merapi volcano. They are highly valued for their good taste and cooking characteristics. An attempt to introduce drought-tolerant rice varieties has been conducted by crossing them with two sources, namely Kasalath and Bluebonnet. Molecular-assisted selection using a set of SSR markers was applied to check the F1 and F2 generation trueness and segregation. This research was conducted in the facilities of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. The research was a field experiment arranged in a completely randomized design, consisting of Mentik Wangi, Mentik Susu, Bluebonnet, and Kasalath, as well as their crossings’ F1 and F2 plants as treatments. The SSR markers used are RM72, RM228, RM518, and RM20(A). Polymorphism test of the parents showed that polymorphism exists between local and donor parents, thus these markers were considered eligible for the F1 and F2 tests. The heterozygous individuals of F1 were 75% for Bluebonnet × Mentik Wangi, 44.4% for Bluebonnet × Mentik Susu, and 46.7% for Mentik Wangi × Bluebonnet; all were consistent in every primer used. We could not confirm that the F2 populations showed segregation pattern that followed Mendelian segregation in some crosses due to too small size of the sample. Heterozygous individuals in F2 showed the differences pattern for each marker, indicating that the location of the SSR markers were far from each other in the genome