Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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Suitability assessment for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut (Cocus nucifera) cultivation in coastal plain sands of South Southern Nigeria
Get PDFSome soils of coastal plain sands in South Southern Nigeria were assessed for oil palm and coconut cultivation. This research was carried out to evaluate the soils of the study area using rigid grid soil survey methodology at detailed scale. The study area (128.11 ha) was delineated into four soil mapping units based on soil type. A pedon was sunk in each mapping unit and described according to FAO. Three soil orders, including Entisols (Ahiara), Inceptisols (Kulfo) and Ultisols (Orlu), were identified. Parametric and limitation methods of land suitability evaluation were used. Major limitations to assessment were climate (mean annual temperatures) and soil physical properties (texture/structure). Aggregate suitability rating (both actual and potential) showed that Ultisols (pedons 3 and 4, covering 56.73 ha) was moderately suitable (S2) for coconut and marginally suitable (S3) for oil palm, Inceptisols (pedon 2, covering 54.25 ha) was marginally suitable (S3) for coconut but not suitable (NS) for oil palm, and Entisols (Pedon 1covering 17.13 ha) was not suitable (NS) for any of the crops. Thus, area with Entisols should not be used for cultivation of any of the crops due to major limitation in texture. Moreover, both assessment approaches captured the major limitations. Therefore, the use of any of the approaches employed in this study and for these crops becomes a matter of choice as both of them showed no major differences in the application of their procedures
Distribution of macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg) from single-nutrient and compound fertilizers application in oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Get PDFNutrients availability and plant's ability to absorb nutrients are essential factors in supporting plant performance. There are two forms of fertilizer as a source of nutrients for oil palm, which are single-nutrient fertilizer (SNF) and briquette compound-nutrient fertilizer (BCNF). This study observed the concentration, uptake, distribution, and efficiency of macronutrients in plant organs of oil palm seedlings with two different fertilizer types. An experiment using oil palm seedlings was arranged in non-factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with three treatments, namely control, NPK in the form of briquettes, and single nutrient fertilizer consisting of urea, TSP, MOP, and kieserite with doses adjusting the composition of the slow-release BCNF (16-10-24-0.75) in three replications with a total of 27 seedlings. The results showed that the concentration, uptake, and distribution of nutrients between treatments and control were not significantly different. The order of nutrient uptake in leaves and stems of plants was N > K > Mg and P, while in roots was K > N > Mg > P. In BCNF and SNF treatments, the biomass accumulation in the stems, roots, and leaves were at percentage of 41 %, 30 %, and 29 %, while in the control, the biomass accumulation in the roots, stems, and leaves were at percentage of 39 %, 33 %, and 28 %, respectively. BCNF treatment had a greater efficiency indicated by a higher nutrient use efficiency (NUE) value compared to SNF or control.
Productivity and profitability of peanut at various land suitability in North Lombok Regency of Nusa Tenggara Barat Province
Get PDFPeanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are the second main commodity in the annual cropping pattern in lowland and dryland in North Lombok District of NTB Province. However, peanut productivity is still low, and it varies across regions, which might be due to the traditional crop management of farmers and the difference in land suitability classes. Effects of crop varieties and land suitability on the peanut productivity have not been evaluated in the Region. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the productivity and profitability of peanut varieties at various land classification in KLU NTB. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design consisting of three classes of land suitability as main plot and six peanut varieties as sub-plot with three replications. The results showed that the land suitability classes have a significant effect on the agronomic variables of peanut varieties, including plant height, number of branches, number of pods and productivity. The highest peanut yield was obtained at suitable land class (S1), followed by moderately suitable land class (S2) and marginally suitable land class (S3) at 2.37 ton.ha-1, 2.08 ton.ha-1 and 1.71 ton.ha-1, respectively. Likewise, the R/C ratio follows a similar pattern to productivity in various land suitability classes. The highest yield (above 2 ton.ha-1) in each land suitability class was produced by Kelinci variety, followed by Tuban, Bima and Talam varieties. Those varieties have potential prospective to be developed in North Lombok Regency
Land suitability assessment of soils for rubber and cashew cultivation in the Coastal Area of Bodo City, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria
Get PDFThe research was carried out in Bodo city in Gokana Local Government of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria to evaluate the land suitability for rubber and cashew cultivation using the relevant land suitability guidelines for the cultivation of the two cash crops of interest. Mapping of the 100 ha of land in Bodo city was done using the rigid grid method of soil survey. The three mapping units (summit, middle slope and valley bottom) were identified and delineated. Three representative soil pedons of 2 m x 2 m x 2 m were dug and described by horizon from top to bottom (0 cm to 200 cm). Soil samples were collected from identifiable horizons and processed for laboratory analysis using standard routine laboratory methods most appropriate. The results showed that pedons 1 and 3 covering 86,000 ha of the entire study area were found to be moderately suitable for rubber cultivation with limitation in soil physical characteristics (texture) and fertility (low base saturation < 50 %). Pedon 2 covering 14,000 ha of the total land of the study area was marginally suitable due to limitation in soil fertility (low base saturation < 80 %). Pedon 1, 2, and 3 were also moderately suitable for cashew cultivation in the study area with limitation in soil physical characteristics (texture) and fertility (low organic carbon), while limitation in wetness (poor drainage) was peculiar to pedon 3 only. Thus, soils in the study area were moderately suitable for both rubber and cashew cultivation in the area
Evaluation of drought-tolerance in some tropical wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) at different osmotic-stress levels
Get PDFAbiotic factors, such as temperature and drought, were the main factors limiting the cultivation under the tropical condition. Two-stage experiments were conducted to examine the drought-tolerant potential of some wheat genotypes against the osmotic stress under the tropical condition at the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Hasanuddin University and Indonesian Cereal Research Institute. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with the split-plot pattern and respectively provided with four and three replications. The main plot was potential osmotic stress (0, -0. 33 , and -0.67 MPa) and the sub-plot was selected wheat genotypes (17 genotypes). The results indicated that based on the germination percentage, shoot/root ratio, proline content, stomatal behavior, and relative water content, the wheat lines of O/HP-78-A22-3-7, WBLL*2KURUKU, O/HP-6-A8-2-10, and O/HP-22-A27-1-10 were identified to have better drought-tolerance than the others genotypes based on the analysis of responses to parameters observed. The positively adaptive response of some tropical wheat genotypes to drought stress may be used as a potential donor for further development of drought-tolerant wheat varieties under the tropical climate in Indonesia.
Effects of auxin and cytokinin levels on the success of air layering in tea plant clones of GMB 7 and GMB 9 using husk charcoal, cocopeat and moss media
Get PDFThe research aimed to propagate tea plants by air layering in order to obtain new plants with shorter immature plants period (TBM), which is 1.5 years, by utilizing wasted branches from routine clean pruning activities in tea plantations. The research was conducted from August 2018 to January 2019 at tea plantation of PT. Pagilaran, Batang, Central Java. Experiment using single factor treatment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatment was layering media, consisting of husk charcoal, moss, and cocopeat, which were applied on GMB 7 and GMB 9 clones. The results showed significant effects of the layering media on the levels of auxin and cytokinin in GMB 7. The highest levels were found in the husk charcoal and moss media. Analysis of sucrose, glucose and total sugar as well as the physiological analysis of the air layering roots showed no significant difference in the fresh weight, dry weight, volume, surface area, diameter, and length of the roots. Husk charcoal resulted in the highest success rate of the air layering in GMB 7, which was 100%. Meanwhile, GMB 9 showed significant difference only in the auxin levels. There was no significant effect of layering media on the analysis of sucrose, glucose and total sugar as well as on the physiological analysis of the air layering roots. Both husk charcoal and moss media resulted in the highest success rate of the air layering in GMB 9, which was 58.33%.
