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University students' condom use during the COVID-19 pandemic:Cross-cultural differences and what predict them
No full textHumans instinctively adopt methods to reduce their risk of encountering harmful pathogens, yet their adherence to preventive health practices can often be erratic. Condoms exemplify one vital preventive tool against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that, despite their effectiveness, are not consistently utilized. This pattern of behavior appears to persist even during periods of widespread disease transmission, with varied data from the COVID-19 pandemic indicating that condom usage remained inconsistent. The present study aimed to clarify these inconsistencies by examining changes in condom use cross-culturally. Heterosexual participants who were sexually active (N = 3,972 [1,327 men, 2,645 women], Mage = 22.82) across 18 countries were asked about their condom use prior to the pandemic, then about their current use. Results revealed a significant decline in Australia, Canada, Portugal, Vietnam, Uganda, and Taiwan. Vaccination percentage and lockdown stringency were associated with this decline cross-culturally. These findings continue to add concerns about the spread of STIs among young people during the pandemic
Merit pay adoption and labor productivity in South Korean firms
No full textMerit pay is a compensation system that raises employees' base salaries, contingent on their prior performance. Despite its widespread use, the evidence regarding its impact on organizational performance remains inconclusive. In this research, we focus on the unique semi-permanent and cumulative features of merit pay and draw on the compounding incentive effect and the collective sorting effect as complementary theoretic mechanisms to explain the organizational implications of merit pay adoption. Specifically, we argue that implementing merit pay is positively associated with labor productivity growth. Employing random coefficient growth modeling, we analyze a sample of 317 publicly listed firms in South Korea. Our findings reveal that although firms adopting merit pay did not exhibit higher labor productivity levels after 1 year (short-term performance), they demonstrated significantly higher linear productivity growth over time following adoption (long-term performance). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings
Simulating relational event history data:why and how
No full textMany important social phenomena are characterized by repeated interactions among individuals over time such as email exchanges in an organization or face-to-face interactions in a classroom. To understand the underlying mechanisms of social interaction dynamics, statistical simulation techniques for network data at fine temporal granularity are crucial. This article makes two contributions to the field. First, we present statistical frameworks to simulate relational event networks under dyadic and actor-oriented relational event models implemented in an R package remulate. Second, we show how this simulation framework can address key challenges in temporal social network analysis through five case studies. The first study illustrates the necessity of simulation based techniques for model assessment, using a network of criminal gangs. The second shows how simulation supports social theory development which is illustrated via optimal distinctiveness theory. The third explores simulation for understanding the effects of network interventions. In the fourth study, we illustrate how simulation-based analysis can be used to assess the sensitivity of relational event models. The fifth study demonstrates how simulation frameworks can be used to make predictions about future relational dynamics. Through these case studies and software, researchers will be able to better understand social interaction dynamics using relational event data from real-life networks
Visualizing statistical uncertainty:Insights from a large-scale experimental study on public understanding and trust
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Secondary use of health data in the EHDS:Public interest and the role of HDABs
No full textThis chapter critically analyses the role of HDABs as the entity occupying the key position in facilitating and managing health data sharing for secondary use in the EHDS. In particular, the chapter focuses on the transformations of the regime for health data access and re-use and scrutinises the role of the HDABs in relation to the public interest aspirations of the EHDS. The analysis demonstrates that HDABs might face challenges when navigating the expectations of the interested public(s). Hence, the chapter suggests proactively devising HDABs as health data custodians, directing their loyalty towards the interests of the individuals and the society as a whole
Een analyse van de risicoverdeling bij de koop van een onroerende zaak met een gebrek of beperking
No full textWork engagement in agile teams:Extending multilevel JD-R theory
No full textTeams often fail to mobilize their resources effectively, which can undermine team engagement. Prominent work engagement theories, including Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory, have not accounted for this conceptually. By taking a closer look at how teams can mobilize resources through their use of agile work practices (AWPs), we develop a multilevel extension of JD-R theory. First, we propose that agile taskwork (i.e., use of sprint planning and iterative development practices) contributes to team engagement, especially in teams working on complex tasks. Second, we argue that agile teamwork (i.e., frequency of stand-up and retrospective meetings) promotes team engagement only when team role conflict low. We test our hypotheses in a field study involving 110 teams (N = 694 employees) with multisource ratings of job demands and two different operationalizations of team engagement. Our findings demonstrate which AWPs contribute more (vs. less) strongly to team engagement. Moreover, results evidence the boosting principle of JD-R theory at the team-level by showing that resource mobilization through agile taskwork is most engaging in challenging contexts (i.e., high work complexity). We discuss the implications of these findings for JD-R theory and research on collective work engagement