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Hungry ghosts eat casino chips:Associations between dispositional greed and gambling
No full textDispositional greed is characterized as the insatiable desire for more. Although greed may be a driving force for wealth accumulation, it can also relate to increased financial difficulties and risk-taking. Across two studies in different countries, The Netherlands (Study 1, N = 1,118) and England, Study 2, N = 4,855), we tested the degree to which dispositional greed was associated with gambling outcomes. Greedy individuals reported greater gambling participation and more negative gambling-related consequences. Moreover, Study 2 found that greed was associated with maladaptive gambling-related cognitions (e.g., cognitive distortions, positive expectations, and the perceived inability to stop) beyond that explained by trait motor impulsiveness. In addition, dispositionally greedy individuals reported being more focused on financial motivations for gambling, having greater confidence in winning, and less concern with realized losses. The current study demonstrates links between dispositional greed and risk-taking in a real-world context, highlighting biased decision-making cognitions for greedy individuals
The present and future of artificial intelligence in people management research:A Bibliometric Approach
No full textIn recent years, people management has embraced artificial intelligence (AI), which presents both challenges and opportunities. Yet, it is clear that the marriage of HRM and leadership in this domain has only just begun, and the bandwagon is carried by other disciplines such as computer science and engineering. This yields potential issues as approaches and research agendas are not aligned. We address these issues with an objective and comprehensive review. We employed two bibliometric approaches, document co-citation and bibliographic coupling, and included 863 primary and 42664 secondary documents. Our review shows the current state of the people management and AI discussion and identifies potential future trends of this discussion based on emerging research. Based on our review we provide key findings and potential future suggestions on how the linkage between the three fields could further evolve
Maternal immune activation during pregnancy and obstetric outcomes:A population-based cohort study
No full textObjectiveMaternal immune activation has been proposed as a mechanism for adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet the mechanisms and effects of timing remain unclear. Immune disruption in early gestation may be particularly detrimental as this is an important period for placental development, which has been associated with the pathology of adverse obstetric outcomes. To increase our understanding of risk factors for adverse obstetric outcomes, we aim to investigate the association between multiple inflammatory and angiogenic markers during early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based cohort.DesignProspective population-based pregnancy cohort study (n = 7513).SettingRotterdam, the Netherlands.PopulationPregnant women in Rotterdam between April 2002 and January 2006.MethodsSerum inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity (HS)-C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-γ) and angiogenic factors (sFlt-1 and PlGF) were analysed in repeated measures around 13–20 weeks gestation. A cytokine index was created using principal component analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresHypertensive disorders of pregnancy, spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age at birth.ResultsHS-CRP, but not the cytokine index, was associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth after multiple testing correction. We found no association of HS-CRP or the cytokine index with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and small for gestational age at birth after multiple testing correction. Inflammatory and angiogenic factors were associated with each other, yet effect sizes were small.ConclusionsWe found no strong evidence of a link between early gestation typical inflammatory marker levels and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.<br/
Global, regional and national disparities and temporal trends of common autoimmune disease burdens among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019
No full textINTRODUCTION: Previous evidence lacked a thorough review of the disparities of autoimmune diseases (AD) burdens among countries and regions, which led to an insufficient basis for developing country-specific developmental level relevant preventive measures. This study aimed to analyse disparities and trends of global, regional and national burden of common ADs in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019 and to investigate the associations between specific ADs and varied country indexes.METHODS: All data for four major ADs were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. Age period-cohort modelling was conducted to disentangle age, period and birth cohort effects on AD incidence from 1990 to 2019. Local regression smoothing models were used to fit the correlation between AD burdens and sociodemographic index (SDI). Pearson's correlation was used to investigate varied country-level risk factors for disease burden.RESULTS: A global increase in four common ADs incidence was observed from 1.57 million to 1.63 million between 1990 and 2019 in the 0-24 age group. The age-standardised incidence rate of overall four ADs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest incidence in high SDI regions. The age, period and cohort distributions of AD incidence varied significantly, especially in high SDI countries. Relative to the expected level of age-standardised incidence associated with SDI, the distribution varied by regions depending on the specific ADs. Countries with higher levels of socioeconomic development, better quality of life and easier access to healthcare and the healthcare system showed lower disease burdens of ADs.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence patterns and disease burdens of ADs varied considerably according to age, time period and generational cohort, across the world between 1990 and 2019. Incidences of ADs in children and adolescents were significantly correlated with indexes involving risks of the environment, human rights and health safety and quality of life.</p
The strategic value of data sharing in interdependent markets
No full textLarge, generalist, technology firms—so-called “big-tech” firms—powerful in their primary market, routinely enter secondary markets consisting of specialist firms. Naturally, one might expect a specialist firm to be fiercely protective of its data as a way to maintain its market position in the secondary market. Counter to this intuition, we demonstrate that a specialist firm willingly shares its market data with an intruding generalist. We do so by developing a model of cross-market competition in which the data collected via consumer usage in one market can improve product quality in another. We show that a specialist firm shares its data to strategically create codependence between the two firms, thereby softening competition and transforming the generalist firm from a traditional competitor into a coopetitor. For the generalist intruder, data from the specialist firm substitute for its own investments in product quality in the secondary market. As such, the act of sharing data makes the generalist a stakeholder in the data collected by the specialist, and consequently in the specialist’s continued success. Moreover, although the firms benefit from data sharing, consumers can be worse off from weakened price competition and lower investments in innovation. Our results have managerial and policy implications, notably on account of backlash against data collection and the market power of big-tech firms
Cosmetic gatekeepers:Negotiations of beauty and (re)shaping bodies by medical aesthetic practitioners
No full textAesthetic practitioners who administer (non-)surgical medical cosmetic procedures play a central, and growing, role in the (re)shaping of predominantly women’s bodies. This article focuses on how these practitioners negotiate their role as cosmetic gatekeepers – those with the medical and sociocultural skills, knowledge and tools - in (re)shaping the bodies of their client-patients. Adopting a reflexive thematic analysis of interviews conducted with aesthetic practitioners in the UK and the Netherlands, we identify three main themes. The first theme, conceptualizing beauty, describes the different ways in which aesthetic practitioners describe and negotiate the concept of ‘beauty’, including discussions of beauty as both subjective and objective. The second theme, shaping bodies, explores how practitioners consider why and how they (do not) suggest aesthetic procedures and how they (do not) see themselves as significant shapers of bodies and beauty. Finally, the theme of cosmetic gatekeepers examines the ways in which aesthetic practitioners provide boundaries in terms of how, when, why and on whom they (do not) perform procedures. Inherent to these discussions are considerations of constructions of the (non-)surgical ‘other’ and tensions between commercialism and ‘medico-cosmetic’ considerations that must be navigated by aesthetic practitioners. This article furthers explorations of how certain aesthetic appearances are (re)produced as desirable in increasingly expansive, diversified and normalized (non-)surgical cosmetic servicescapes
The role of Darbars (Sufi shrines in Pakistan) in the shadow of government (Auqaf)
No full textThis chapter contributes to the non-Western Public Administration literature by building on the case of contemporary Islamic institutions, known as Darbars (Sufi-Shrines), in Pakistan. With their rich, centuries old history and traditions, these darbars have been providing public value to wider segments of society. Using go-along- method of ethnography and follow-up interviews, field notes were maintained and the data was analysed carefully. While operating under the shadow of the state (Ministry of Auqaf) which has the complete administrative oversight, these darbars and the state co-create services for the community that goes beyond food and shelter. These institutions serve as a source of revenue for the state while adding to mental, social and economic well-being of people. The case study of two darbars (Baba Farid and Khawaja Noor Muhammad) with varying size, location, number of visitors adds to the empirical and theoretical knowledge on Islamic public value
The evolving nature of economic integration
No full textThe resolute return of politics aiming to influence the design and shape of international trade policymaking is one of the most dramatic developments in international economic relations recently. The increased securitization of economic policy and calls for ‘de-risking’ value chains and diminishing external dependencies of potentially strategic importance are bound to transform trade relations. This trend leads trade diplomacy into unchartered waters determined by the desire for global competition rather than cooperation. Although transnational economic intertwining remains significant, the political pressure for rethinking economic decisions to align with domestic political calculus is the strongest in a generation. Calls for ensuring that domestic economic needs and prosperity are served by trade policy and upgrading economic policy to serve foreign policy and national security are now widespread, spearheading a wave of growing unilateralism and increasing levels of disenchantment with the underpinnings of economic integration. As the world changes, so does the political economy of economic integration. The interaction of political and economic forces that shape the process and outcomes of economic regulation and integration at the domestic, regional, and global levels has become more sophisticated, calling for a meticulous review of existing theories, a more careful analysis of new concepts, and more empirical work. This Article critically reviews existing theories of economic integration, identifies recent developments, structural trends, and changes in the political economy of economic integration but also discusses the political economy of economic disintegration. It focuses in particular on well-established concepts in international political economy, such as geography, power, digitalization or investment, and a careful review of theories of economic integration in light of the current political landscape. Throughout the Article, we also discuss the evolving role of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) as a key player in globalization, a key target of the anti-globalization movement, and a key forum for international cooperation and contestation in the near future
Carnitine levels decrease during oxaliplatin infusion:A pilot study
No full textIntrocutionChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy. Low carnitine levels might negatively affect development of CIPN. However, little is known of the course of carnitine levels during and directly after chemotherapy administration. Intervention studies using carnitine to prevent CIPN were contradictory, possibly due to different timing and route of carnitine supplementation. Better understanding of carnitine courses might improve future studies. This study aims to investigate whether oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy administration affects blood- and urinary levels of carnitine. We hypothesized that oxaliplatin increases renal excretion of carnitine, thereby causing a carnitine deficiency, which might contribute to development of CIPN.MethodsTen patients, starting their first cycle of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, were enrolled in this observational pilot study. Blood- and urinary samples were taken before, during and after infusion of oxaliplatin. Primary endpoints were changes in plasma- and urinary concentrations of free carnitine and carnitine-esters during administration of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.RESULTS: This study showed significant decrease of both free carnitine and carnitine-esters in plasma two hours after start of infusion of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Moreover, a non-significant increase in urine carnitine concentration was seen during chemotherapy infusion.ConclusionThe altered plasma and urinary concentrations of carnitine support our hypothesis that oxaliplatin causes increased renal excretion of carnitine, thereby lowering blood-carnitine levels and increasing urinary carnitine levels. With continued loss of carnitine over several chemotherapy cycles, this may result in development of carnitine deficiency, which could contribute to the development of CIPN. These preliminary results provide a basis for hypothesis generation; larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and to determine the clinical relevance
Expert-derived recommendations for designing and facilitating tabletop crisis exercises:A Delphi study
No full textCrises are destabilising, and crisis exercises are one of the core ways that organisations and governments prepare. Not all crisis exercises achieve their goals, and determining how to design them well is difficult to test experimentally. This study aims to identify the key goals of discussion-based crisis exercises, the features of exercises that are important for achieving the organisation's goals, and common mistakes. We used a three-round Delphi Method to harness the collective expertise of 16 researchers and professionals. In the first round, experts identified 40 different exercise features. After a further two rounds, consensus was achieved for 29 of the 40 exercise features. Overall, experts agreed on the critical importance of clear objectives, good facilitation, and quality debriefing. Experts also agreed that features such as fidelity and the explicit use of decision-making tools were not essential to achieving the aims of discussion-based exercises. There was disagreement amongst experts regarding how much say the sponsor should have, how actively involved facilitators should be, and how accountable responders should be held. Overall, these findings are beneficial for exercise designers in highlighting what features to prioritise when designing and delivering discussion-based exercises to best promote organisational learning