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The Quilombola communities of Alcántara’s international legal battle for their lands and customs
No full textStrategies for occupational recovery processes in individuals with bipolar disorder type I:A qualitative study
No full textBackground: Employment is a challenging life domain for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), illustrated by high unemployment numbers and various experienced problems within the workplace. While regaining a satisfactory level of occupational functioning is an important aspect of recovery, there is little qualitative research exploring occupational recovery in individuals with BD. The aim of this qualitative study was first to gain insight into the (self-regulation) strategies used by patients and peer support workers with BD type I (BD-I) regarding their occupational functioning. Our second aim was to construct a conceptual model based on these strategies used to better understand how individuals with BD-I might recover during their occupational functioning. In our study, inspired by Glaser and Strauss’ constructivist Grounded Theory, we interviewed 21 patients and 15 peer support workers with BD-I about their experiences in occupational functioning and about the strategies they use for dealing with difficulties, as well as their occupational recovery processes. We analysed the data through open, axial, and selective coding.Results: The results showed one overarching theme and three subthemes of strategies used by individuals with BD-I: (1) organizing work, (2) self-regulatory actions in relation to employment, and (3) getting support. Based on the narratives of the participants, a conceptual model was found in which differing strategies are used based on the recovery process: acute mood episode or longer lasting recovery process.Conclusion: The narratives of individuals with BD-I show that two types of recovery can be experienced in relation to work: recovery after an acute mood episode and a longer lasting recovery process that is intertwined with several aspects of daily working life. We identified three different types of strategies that participants with BD-I implement to create a fitting employment situation and that it might depend on the type of recovery process which strategies are most helpful
Decomposing socioeconomic differences in self-rated health and healthcare expenditure by chronic conditions and social determinants
No full textBackground: Lower socioeconomic status is associated with lower self-rated health and higher healthcare expenditure. This study identifies which chronic conditions and social determinants contribute most to socioeconomic differences in self-rated health and healthcare expenditure. Methods: Registry and survey data combining 3 socioeconomic indicators (income, education, and financial welfare), 26 social determinants, 20 chronic conditions, age, sex, self-rated health, and healthcare expenditure for 135,183 Dutch individuals aged 25–65, were linked at individual level. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analyses were conducted to quantify the relative contributions of chronic conditions and social determinants to socioeconomic differences in self-rated health and healthcare expenditure. Results: Poorer self-rated health and higher healthcare expenditure among lower income groups were partly attributable to a higher prevalence of chronic conditions (33% and 70%, respectively). Acid-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases and psychological disorders contributed most to both differences in self-rated health and healthcare expenditure. Social determinants almost completely accounted for income differences in self-rated health. Social determinants explained more than the observed difference in healthcare expenditure between income groups, suggesting that, when adjusted for social determinants, lower income groups would have lower healthcare expenditure than higher income groups. Including both chronic conditions and social determinants in a single decomposition indicated that income security & social protection (28%), social & human capital (26%), and chronic conditions (23%) were equally important to income differences in self-rated health. For healthcare expenditure, chronic conditions and social determinants each accounted for approximately half of the socioeconomic differences. Conclusions: Social determinants outside the healthcare sector accounted for almost all of the socioeconomic differences in self-rated health. This highlights the need for integrated policies across multiple domains, such as the social, economic and healthcare sector, to reduce avoidable health inequalities. Given that socioeconomic differences in healthcare expenditure were primarily associated with chronic conditions, prioritizing prevention of chronic conditions among lower socioeconomic groups can potentially reduce healthcare spending within this group and improve the healthcare system’s sustainability and affordability
Study to support the monitoring of the declaration on digital rights and principles
No full textThe EU wants to promote and protect the digital rights of everyone living in the EU. The European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles promotes a digital transition shaped by European values. The Declaration puts forward digital rights related principles and concrete commitments for the EU and Member States to act. This study supports the European Commission in monitoring the implementation and impact of this Declaration across the EU27 Member States. By using findings from desk research, statistical data, as well as a survey and workshop among stakeholders, it provides latest developments across the EU and the six Declaration Chapters. It also identifies key implementation and information gaps, as well as recommendations that could guide better implementation of digital rights and principles
Groene innovatie vooral bij grote bedrijven in Brabant en Randstad
No full textIn de klimaat- en energietransitie ontbreekt inzicht in het feitelijk innovatiepotentieel van het Nederlandse bedrijfsleven. Daardoor blijft het debat over het innovatiebeleid hangen op een te hoog abstractieniveau. Door patent- en bedrijfsdata te koppelen ontstaat meer inzicht en ruimte voor gerichter beleid
Remedies
No full textChapter 18 offers a critical analysis of the types of remedies sought in climate cases and examines their implications within the legal landscape. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of climate lawsuits from around the world, the authors provide insights into the diverse range of remedies that have been sought to address the adverse impacts of climate change. They then shed light on the different considerations and approaches that courts have taken when determining appropriate remedies. In their exploration of emerging best practices, the authors highlight instances where courts have adopted innovative and transformative approaches to remedies in climate litigation. They examine creative legal mechanisms that go beyond traditional compensatory measures and explore the potential of remedies such as injunctive relief, restitution, and declaratory judgments to address the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change.<br/
Actualisering Monetaire Milieuschade:Een Verkenning Naar de Welvaartsverliezen door Milieuvervuiling in Nederland in 2022
No full textDe uitstoot van milieuverontreinigende stoffen veroorzaakt schade aan de gezondheid van mens en natuur. Die schade bedroeg in 2022 in Nederland 46 miljard euro. Dat is anderhalf keer zoveel als de berekende milieuschade uit 2015 die PBL in een eerdere studie heeft berekend. Als deel van het bruto nationaal product (bnp) is de milieuschade heel licht gestegen van 4,5 naar 4,6 %
Reciprocity and Coordination
No full textThe three essays collected in this PhD thesis focus on reciprocity and coordination. The first essay demonstrates both theoretically and experimentally how to design incentive structures in asymmetric coordination games to enhance coordination success. The second essay examines whether the mode of decision-making influences individuals' propensity to reciprocate trust. The third essay investigates whether people are more likely to reciprocate trust when someone gives up a better alternative (i.e., incurs an opportunity cost) to trust them
Essays on the Real Effects of Financial Markets and Sustainable Investments
No full textThis Ph.D. dissertation comprises three chapters that investigate the real effects of financial markets. The first chapter develops a supply-demand framework in the stock market that connects investor demand with corporate financing and investment policies. The second chapter examines the causal effect of investor pressure for brown firms on their green actions, such as emission reductions andgreen innovations. The third chapter distinguishes between value versus value investors using natural language processing techniques, and investigates their sustainable investment behaviors including portfolio choices and voting patterns