232451 research outputs found
Sort by
From TikTok to Uber to the metaverse:Digital services, servicification, and international investment law
No full textLearning asymmetry as a predictor of mood and behavior dynamics:A network analysis
No full textWhile studying appetitive and aversive conditioning is common in psychopathology research, studies that measure both types of learning simultaneously are rare. To gain insight into the role of appetitive and aversive learning in the complex interaction of positive mood, negative mood, worry, craving, avoidance and impulsive behavior, this study used a relative measure of the strength of appetitive versus aversive learning – the learning asymmetry – as a predictor of network dynamics of mood states and behavior. 100 healthy volunteers performed an appetitive and aversive conditioning task and completed an ecological momentary assessment study, where they were surveyed six times per day for 21 days. Groups were defined based on higher sensitivity to appetitive learning (positive learning asymmetry) or aversive learning (negative learning asymmetry). The positive asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to positive mood changes, and the negative asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to negative mood changes. Contrary to our hypothesis, results show that impulsive behavior was more likely to follow negative mood, specifically anger, in the positive but not the negative asymmetry group. These results demonstrate the potential for network analysis to elucidate complex interactions between mood and behavior associated with individual differences in learning
An adaptive network model of the interplay of synchrony and adaptation for reliving memory and religious experience through multimodal interaction
No full textDuring a group worship session, through intersensory facilitation participents can experience interpersonal synchrony. In addition it may occur that seemingly forgotten memories are suddenly relived and religious experiences come up. This paper addresses the question whether a higher-order adaptive network model can enhance our understanding of such an interplay of interpersonal synchrony and the mentioned phenomena. In the developed adaptive dynamical system model, feeling of togetherness and oneness was modelled making use of synchrony detection states. The felt presence of God was modelled through a mental God-model. The improvements in cognition perceived were modelled by introducing adaptivity of certain connections between cognitive states. The subsequent simulation provided a closer look into the inner workings of the interplay of the mechanisms involved. It was found that synchronization suddenly intensifies after some time of mutual adaptation resulting in improvements in cognition of the cognitive impaired participant
Using generative AI to increase sceptics’ engagement with climate science
No full textClimate scepticism remains an important barrier to public engagement with accurate climate information, because sceptics often actively avoid information that contains climate science facts. There still lacks a scalable, repeatable intervention to boost sceptics’ engagement with climate information. Here we show that generative artificial intelligence can enhance engagement with climate science among sceptical audiences by subtly modifying headlines to reduce anticipated disagreement, regret and negative emotions, without compromising factual integrity. Headlines of climate science articles modified by an open-source large language model led to more bookmarks and more upvotes, and these effects were strongest among the most sceptical participants. Participants who engaged with climate science as a result of this intervention showed a shift in beliefs towards alignment with the scientific consensus. These results show that generative artificial intelligence can alter the information diet sceptics consume and holds promise for advancing public understanding of science when responsibly deployed by well-intentioned actors
Revising beliefs in light of unforeseen events
No full textBayesian updating is the dominant theory of learning. However, the theory is silent about how individuals react to events that were previously unforeseen. We study how decision-makers update their beliefs if unforeseen events materialize, and under which conditions they revise their views about previously observed relationships. We base our analysis on the framework of "reverse Bayesianism," under which the relative likelihoods of prior beliefs remain unchanged after an unforeseen event materializes. We find that participants do not systematically deviate from reverse Bayesianism when the unforeseen changes result in a new world that contains elements of the old world. In contrast, if a regime change is possible, decision-makers eventually overhaul their model of the old world in favor of a completely different view of uncertainty
Plaatsing van transgender en non-binaire personen in Nederlandse penitentiaire inrichtingen:Juridische kaders, empirische bevindingen en beleidsopties
No full textPerceived stress, adherence to dietary guidelines and incident cardiovascular disease:findings from the Australian longitudinal study on women's fealth
No full textPrevious research suggests perceived stress and healthy eating are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but studies investigating their combined association are lacking. The aim was to assess associations between stress, adherence to dietary guidelines and CVD, individually and combined. Data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) including 9303 women (52 ± 2 y) without history of CVD were analysed. Dietary and perceived stress data were collected with validated questionnaires, respectively, with the 74 item food frequency questionnaire and a questionnaire addressing 10 different life domains. Adherence to dietary guidelines was defined by using two guideline indices, the Australian Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) and the food-based Dutch Healthy Diet Index-15 (DHD-15). Hard incident CVD events were collected from linked hospital physician diagnosis data. Cox proportional hazards models were performed adjusted for multiple covariates, being demographic, socioeconomic, health and behavioural factors. During 15 years follow-up 1091 CVD incident events occurred. Higher compared to lower perceived stress at baseline was significantly associated with higher incidence of CVD both in crude (HR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.54) and adjusted (HR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.52) models. No associations between neither the DGI-2013 score nor the DHD15 index score and CVD incidence were found. Also, no interaction between perceived stress and adherence to dietary guidelines was shown. The current study underscores the importance of perceived stress levels as an independent risk factor for CVD incidence among women. Thus, stress management could be important for CVD risk reduction
Van start-up naar potentiële shutdown:De begrenzing van durfinvesteerders in de uitoefening van exit-rechten via de redelijkheid en billijkheid
No full textVan start-up naar potentiële shutdown: de begrenzing van durfinvesteerders in de uitoefening van exit-rechten via de redelijkheid en billijkheid Durfinvesteerders vervullen een belangrijke rol in de maatschappij, omdat zij onder meer kapitaal verstrekken aan startende ondernemingen tegen verkrijging van aandelen en andere rechten. Maar mogen zij ongelimiteerd de verworven rechten uitoefenen? Een kort antwoord op deze vraag is 'nee', aangezien zij begrensd (kunnen) worden door de redelijkheid en billijkheid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
‘You are shaken awake!’:a qualitative study on using virtual reality to understand patients’ experiences
No full textPurpose of the article: Medical professionals may get to appreciate the experience of patients, without being patients themselves. This study explored whether VR technology can be useful for teaching medical professionals about patient experiences.Materials and methods: A VR movie was made, showing a fictitious but realistic patient experience. Nineteen medical professionals, selected by a non-probability sampling method, saw this movie. Focus group discussions and interviews were held afterwards. Data were thematically analyzed with independent coding. Codes and (sub)themes were discussed within the research team.Results: Immediately after viewing, medical professionals felt ‘shaken awake’ and after several weeks, they maintained a heightened awareness of patient experiences in their daily practice. The VR movie was seen as a valuable teaching tool, despite the passive viewer role. The VR movie made them aware of three aspects of the doctor-patient relationship: a) paying attention, b) a person-centered approach, and c) building confidence.Conclusions: A VR movie helps medical professionals to ‘see’ and ‘feel’ what patients experience. The character in the VR movie is unable to respond to the fellow characters, underlining the passivity of patients. VR-glasses can be an easy way to encounter what others experience, although a blended learning approach, using passive patients’ roles with VR-technology and active participation with role play methods, is recommended
Being is remembering:On Locke’s theory of consciousness, mnemohistory, and the game Remember me
No full textThis contribution discusses the concept of ‘mnemohistory’ through an analysis of the video game Remember Me. The game’s protagonist Nilin has the ability to manipulate other people’s memories by subtly changing details, which changes how they see themselves and act. The author analyses how the game connects memories to identity and consciousness based on Locke’s theory. It also explores themes of sin, temptation, paradise lost, and climate change. The contribution argues that the game shows how the past shapes the present through remembered history rather than objective facts. It raises questions about memory manipulation and who owns memories