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Bestaat de 403-vordering van het UWV in faillissement?
No full textIn dit artikel wordt onderzocht of het UWV zijn aanspraak die voortvloeit uit de loongarantieregeling, in faillissement kan indienen op grond van een 403-verklaring. De Hoge Raad heeft in zijn arrest UWV/Econcern geoordeeld dat het UWV in dat geval slechts een concurrente 403-vordering op de moedermaatschappij heeft.1 Het lijkt erop dat toen voorbij is gegaan aan de vraag of het UWV überhaupt wel een 403-vordering heeft. In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven hoe het UWV slechts subrogeert in de loonvorderingen op de dochter en niet in de 403-vordering op de moeder. Dit betekent dat het UWV geen vordering bij de moedermaatschappij kan indienen, omdat die 403-vordering een zelfstandige vordering is, die niet automatisch met de hoofdvordering mee over gaat
Entrepreneurship, age, and the lifespan: Taking stock and avenues for future research
No full textEntrepreneurship is deeply shaped by age, influencing who enters, how ventures perform, and whether entrepreneurs persist. Youth offers resilience and innovation yet is constrained by limited resources; midlife combines strong skills and experience with tensions around financial security and competing demands; later life brings accumulated expertise and networks but also ageist barriers. This editorial synthesizes a decade of research and the five articles in this special issue, identifying ten themes that illuminate the age-entrepreneurship relationship. We distill key insights and outline future research avenues, underscoring the wealth of exciting topics and the need for nuanced understanding of entrepreneurship across the lifespan
Kroniek mondiale waardeketens en duurzaamheid
No full textIn deze eerste kroniek in Milieu & Recht over mondiale waardeketens en duurzaamheidgeven geven wij een overzicht van de actuele stand van zaken rondom deze thematiek, met nadruk op de juridische vraagstukken en recente ontwikkelingen in Nederland, de Europese Unie (EU) en daarbuiten. Daarbij nemen wij de actualiteit als vertrekpunt en geven wij waar nodig een korte terugblik. Na een inleidende beschouwing over het begrip ‘mondiale waardeketen’ (par. 2), behandelen wij vijf pijlers die samen het juridische speelveld bepalen: duurzaamheidsrapportage (par. 3), passende zorgvuldigheid (par. 4), duurzame corporate governance (par. 5), handelspraktijkenrecht (par. 6) en rechtspraak over aansprakelijkheid in de keten (par. 7). Afgesloten wordt met enkele beschouwende opmerkingen (par. 8)
Catholic Social Tradition in Development: Between Teaching and Learning
No full textHistorically, Catholic social teaching did not spring forth solely from papal reflection but out of a much broader tradition in which various magisterial and nonmagisterial actors interacted to construct this teaching. Yet the social encyclicals themselves do not easily acknowledge any nonmagisterial influence. Some social encyclicals outright reject roles for nonmagisterial actors in the process of constructing the social teaching. Others, especially after the Second Vatican Council, struggle to deal with this fact. This arti- cle searches for the motives behind this phenomenon. By reading key encyclicals, the author shows how this sidestepping of nonmagisterial contributions did not result from any condescending magisterial outlook toward the laity. Rather, it followed from specific neo-Thomist ideas about the nature of Church unity, doctrine and action, and a corresponding idea of the magisterium. These ideas have been shifting since Vatican II, but it took some time to yield fruit in the social tradition itself
Utilizing qualitative methods to detect validity issues in clinical experience sampling methodology (ESM)
No full textExperience sampling methodology (ESM) are used increasingly in clinical research and practice, promising unique insights into people's daily lives and more accurate, ecologically valid clinical assessments. However, there are rising concerns about the validity of ESM studies due to various measurement challenges, including differences and changes in participants' concept and scale interpretation (e.g., whether a 4 on a 7-point scale means the same for two individuals), and their interpretation of the study as a whole. Currently, the ESM literature mainly focuses on quantitative solutions. In this article, we highlight the contribution of qualitative methods to not only detecting the occurrence but also the content of validity issues. We describe how to implement validity checks for ESM studies using focus groups, open-ended items, as well as cognitive and semistructured interviews. Although these methods are already used in other fields, we present a translation to ESM research and describe implementations suitable for different research stages, from ESM material development to study follow-up. To illustrate the usefulness of these qualitative validity checks, we provide concrete examples from the clinical ESM literature and our own mixed-methods studies. Thereby we hope to encourage clinical researchers and practitioners interested in the implementation of ESM to reflect on how validity issues may impact the conclusions drawn from their collected data
The global epidemiology of personality disorder:a systematic review and meta-regression
No full textBackground Personality disorder is a persistent and pervasive mental disorder, defined as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of an individual's culture, but it remains under-recognised in global mental health estimates. To our knowledge, no comprehensive synthesis has quantified the global prevalence, mortality, or diagnostic stability of personality disorder using population-representative data. We aimed to address these gaps to support future burden of disease modelling. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-regression of population-based surveys following PRISMA and GATHER guidelines. Eligible studies were cross-sectional or longitudinal studies published in peer-reviewed journals that reported prevalence or mortality associated with any personality disorder using DSM or ICD diagnostic criteria on representative samples. Personality disorder encompassed paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and other specified and unspecified personality disorders. Studies using self-report instruments and non-representative samples (eg, clinical, incarcerated, or university populations) were excluded. Studies were identified through systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO from Jan 1, 1980, to Feb 13, 2024. Studies were reviewed (by JS and a research assistant), and eligible data were extracted by JS. All data were non-identifiable and pre-aggregated from existing sources. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Due to data availability, we did two separate meta-regression analyses to estimate the prevalence and standardised mortality ratios associated with personality disorder, and a descriptive analysis to examine diagnostic stability. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Meta-regression models assessed the effect of study-level covariates. Members of our authorship team have lived personal experience with mental disorders, but we did not consult individuals diagnosed with personality disorder for this work. The study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021269169. Findings We identified 60 studies across 28 countries. Prevalence analyses included 139 373 individuals, and mortality analyses included 392 420 individuals with a personality disorder. Between-study heterogeneity was high for prevalence (I2=98<middle dot>8%) and mortality (I2=99<middle dot>4%). Study quality assessment indicated that 59 studies were of high quality, with only one study of moderate quality. Pooled prevalence of any personality disorder ranged from 4<middle dot>1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2<middle dot>8-6<middle dot>0) in low-income and middle-income countries to 5<middle dot>2% (3<middle dot>7-7<middle dot>3) in high-income countries for mid-age 43 years. Prevalence was found to be higher among male individuals (compared with female individuals) and to decrease with age. Meta-regression results identified heterogeneity linked to diagnostic criteria, interviewer type, and region. Publication bias was identified in prevalence analyses. Personality disorder was associated with elevated mortality, with pooled standardised mortality ratios of 4<middle dot>7 (95% UI 3<middle dot>7-5<middle dot>8) for inpatients, 1<middle dot>8 (1<middle dot>4-2<middle dot>2) for outpatients, and 2<middle dot>2 (1<middle dot>8-2<middle dot>9) for both inpatients and outpatients. Data indicated that personality disorder shows moderate diagnostic stability over time. Interpretation Personality disorder is common, associated with premature mortality, and diagnostically stable, yet remains excluded from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We provide a comprehensive synthesis of personality disorder epidemiology, offering the foundation needed to inform future global estimates and policy responses