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Van start-up naar potentiële shutdown:De begrenzing van durfinvesteerders in de uitoefening van exit-rechten via de redelijkheid en billijkheid
No full textVan start-up naar potentiële shutdown: de begrenzing van durfinvesteerders in de uitoefening van exit-rechten via de redelijkheid en billijkheid Durfinvesteerders vervullen een belangrijke rol in de maatschappij, omdat zij onder meer kapitaal verstrekken aan startende ondernemingen tegen verkrijging van aandelen en andere rechten. Maar mogen zij ongelimiteerd de verworven rechten uitoefenen? Een kort antwoord op deze vraag is 'nee', aangezien zij begrensd (kunnen) worden door de redelijkheid en billijkheid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Pseudo-polynomial formulations for the bin packing problem with minimum color fragmentation
No full textWe study the bin packing problem with minimum color fragmentation (BPPMCF), an extension of the well-known bin packing problem (BPP) in which a given set of weighted colored items has to be packed into a set of identical capacitated bins. Differently from the BPP, in this problem, the number of available bins is fixed and the objective is to minimize the total number of times that colors appear in the bins. After reviewing the integer linear programming models proposed in the literature, we show that one of these models, a flow formulation, shares several features with existing BPP flow formulations. We then exploit these ideas to develop three new flow formulations for the BPPMCF and demonstrate their effectiveness on a set of benchmark instances. We also outline theoretical and empirical dominance relations between the studied flow models. Finally, we empirically show how the number of color fragmentations varies when the number of available bins changes
A Passover Gone Wrong:BioShock Infinite as a Teaching Model of Critical Religious Appropriation of the Bible
No full textRevisiting the structure of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, section II personality disorder criteria using individual participant data meta-analysis
No full textThe factor structure of personality disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogeneous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV)/DSM-5 Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated individual participant data from 25 samples (N = 30,545) to conduct factor analyses of PD criteria. Measurement invariance tests across gender, clinical status, and assessment method indicated substantial structural differences between interview-based and self-report measures. In interviews, a confirmatory 10-factor model with factors representing specific DSM-5 PDs showed a major misfit, with results from exploratory factor analyses suggesting that this was due to a relatively small number of substantial secondary loadings. In self-reports, a confirmatory 10-factor model showed greater misfit than in interviews, and exploratory solutions were more complex. When five factors were extracted, the factors showed some similarity to maladaptive trait domains such as Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition, but there were substantial differences in factor content between interviews and self-reports. In bifactor models, a general factor explained more common variance in self-reports, whereas the content of general factors was similar in both assessment methods. Our findings suggest that interview and self-report measures of PD criteria are not structurally equivalent. To advance research on the structure of PD, it may be useful to consequently focus on the shared variance of multiple methods. For this purpose, future multimethod studies should combine interviews and self-reports with other assessment methods such as informant reports. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved
The road to real-time technology in VAT
No full textIn this article, the authors conclude that real-time technology in VAT can significantly contribute to closing the VAT Gap. Such technology provides the necessary data to ensure VAT compliance by enabling the implementation of a split payment system (B2C) in combination with a reverse charge mechanism (B2B). This combination of technology and provisions in the VAT Directive enables the implementation of the so-called ‘micro VAT return’ in real time. According to the authors, no further amendment of the VAT Directive is necessary for the introduction of such systems in specific areas. The VAT Directive with the ViDA amendments provides instruments for this
Learning asymmetry as a predictor of mood and behavior dynamics:A network analysis
No full textWhile studying appetitive and aversive conditioning is common in psychopathology research, studies that measure both types of learning simultaneously are rare. To gain insight into the role of appetitive and aversive learning in the complex interaction of positive mood, negative mood, worry, craving, avoidance and impulsive behavior, this study used a relative measure of the strength of appetitive versus aversive learning – the learning asymmetry – as a predictor of network dynamics of mood states and behavior. 100 healthy volunteers performed an appetitive and aversive conditioning task and completed an ecological momentary assessment study, where they were surveyed six times per day for 21 days. Groups were defined based on higher sensitivity to appetitive learning (positive learning asymmetry) or aversive learning (negative learning asymmetry). The positive asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to positive mood changes, and the negative asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to negative mood changes. Contrary to our hypothesis, results show that impulsive behavior was more likely to follow negative mood, specifically anger, in the positive but not the negative asymmetry group. These results demonstrate the potential for network analysis to elucidate complex interactions between mood and behavior associated with individual differences in learning
Psychopathic genes:A multi-level adaptive dynamic modelling approach
No full textThis paper investigates the role of epigenetics in the dynamics of psychopathy by designing and simulating a fifth-order multi-level adaptive network model. Understanding any disorder requires a comprehensive exploration of multiple dimensions. Therefore, this research proposes a computational model that takes into account (epi)genetic, neural, cognitive, and behavioural causal influences that generate psychopathic behaviour. It illustrates the impact of epigenetic influences on the genes MAO-A, 5-HTT, and OXTR and their consequences for other internal processes with regard to psychopathy. This paper includes a review of related literature in this research domain and the design and specifics of the adaptive network model addressing psychopathic behaviour. The model is evaluated by two simulations that show the difference in behaviour between individuals that at some point in their life develop psychopathy due to environmental circumstances and those not developing it. In addition, an extension of the model demonstrates the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy on an individual with psychopathy
Late medieval spirituality:Gabriel Biel (1410? - 1495) in the light of the Bia Moderna, Devotio Moderna and Via Augustini
No full text"Small data": Inference with occasionally observed states
No full textWe study the estimation of dynamic economic models for which some of the state variables are observed only occasionally by the econometrician—a common problem in many fields, ranging from marketing to finance to industrial organization. If those occasional state observations are serially correlated, the likelihood function of the model becomes a high-dimensional integral over a nonstandard domain. We generalize the recursive likelihood function integration procedure (RLI; Reich, 2018) to incorporate the occasional observations, enabling likelihood-based inference in such estimation problems. In extensive Monte Carlo studies, we demonstrate the favorable properties of the proposed method for identifying all model parameters and compare it to alternative methods
The classical doctrine of civil war in international law
No full textIn the classical law of nations there was a doctrine of civil war. This book sets out to recover the forgotten legal tradition that shaped the modern world from 1575-1975. The result is an autonomous reassessment of four hundred years of the law of insurgencies and revolutions, both in state practice and in legal scholarship. Its journey through centuries of rebellion and the rule of law touches some of the most basic questions of international law across ages. What does it mean to stand among the nations of the world? Who should be welcomed among the subjects of international law, who should not, and who should decide? Its findings not only help make the classical doctrine understandable again, but also offer potential new insights for present-day lawyers about the origins, aspirations and vulnerabilities of the legal tradition with which they work today