Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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Types of Forestry Charges from Natural Resource Economics Perspective
Get PDFCapturing economic rent from natural resources, particularly forests, frequently still creates disagreement between the government and businesses. The charges imposed by the government in the forms of reboisation fund (DR) and forest resource provision (PSDH) have been in place for very long time, accepted by all stakeholders, and supported by laws. Government policy regarding compensation for forest stand value (GRNT) creates controvercies. This paper intends to clarify problem of forest charges by returning it to its fundamental theories, e.g. economic theory of natural resouces. Economic rent of forests that are controlled by the government is the right of all Indonesia people. Henece, the government has responsibility for capturing the rent as much as possible in the most efficient way. If the stumpage is too low then it potentially promotes overcutting, whereas if it is too high then it makes forest business less attractive that potentially promotes illegal activities. In forestry, economic rent of forest has a special name, it is stumpage price. There are some difficulties in estimating a competitive stumpage price, wheter the one obtained through a direct competitive auction of standing timber or through calculation of residual price. Partly, the difficulties were generated by the government’s own policies that strongly distorted log prices. Log export ban and vertical integration are the two most influential policies in distorting log prices. Actually, the government is able to design and implement a single charge to capture PSDH, DR, and GRNT so that their administration becomes much simpler and more efficient
Habitat Selection and Activity Pattern of GPS Collared Sumateran Tigers
Get PDFAlthough translocation has been used in mitigating human-carnivore conflict for decades, few studies have been conducted on the behavioral ecology of released animals. Such information is necessary in the context of sustainable forest management. In this study we determine the type of land cover used as main habitat and examine the activity pattern of translocated tigers. Between 2008 and 2010 we captured six conflict tigers and translocated them 74-1,350 km from their capture sites in Sumatera. All tigers were fitted with global positioning system (GPS) collars. The collars were set to fix 24-48 location coordinates per day. All translocated tigers showed a preference for a certain habitat type within their new home range, and tended to select the majority of natural land cover type within the landscape as their main habitat, but the availability of natural forest habitat within the landscape remains essensial for their survival. The activity of male translocated tigers differed significantly between the six time intervals of 24 hours, and their most active periods were in the afternoon (14:00-18:00 hours) and in the evening (18:00-22:00 hours). Despite being preliminary, the findings of this study-which was the first such study conducted in Sumatera-highlight the conservation value of tiger translocation and provide valuable information for improving future management of conflict tigers
History of Land-Use Policies and Designation of Mount Halimun-Salak National Park
No full texthe extension and designation of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park has caused land conflict issue widely. Many local communities have used this national park land for their agriculture crops and dwelling. Through the historical perspective, it was found that this land conflict was due to ongoing change of land use policies. The government, from the Dutch Colonial to Japan occupation, imposed different land use policy to the Halimun-Salak land. These changing policies have caused many local communities living inside the current designated state forestland. Regretabbly, the current government did not solve this land conflict, but rather offered uncertainty by permitting and charging the local communities who cultivate inside the state forestland. Undoubtedly, this uncertainty has caused problems in the future to the national park. It was thought that border arrangement will solve this land conflict as it has been proven that changing policies have change the land-use in Halimun-Salak area
Land Cover Types Differentiation through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in the Lowland Rainforests of Papua New Guinea
Get PDFThe accurate estimation of above ground biomass in the natural forests of Papua New Guinea is a key component for the successful implementation of the REDD policy in the country. Biomass densities in a lowland rainforest site located at the northeast of the country were differentiated with Landsat digital images throughout normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Submaps of 4,377.69 ha of bands 3 and 4 were georeferenced with affine transformation and a RMSE of 0.529. The calculated NDVI map was sliced to separate its pixel values into 5 classes as they are distributed in the histogram with the assistance of ground truth points. The method is simple, fast and reliable, however swampy palm forest could not be discriminated from dense forests; and different bare land types had to be grouped into a single major class. Therefore other vegetation indexes and/or band ratios are recommended to be tested using images of higher spatial resolution to accurately differentiate more classes
Land Rights of Community Forest Plantation Policy: Analysis from an Institutional Perspective
Get PDFThis study aimed to describe the land rights of bussiness permit for timber utilization from community forestplantation (IUPHHK-HTR) in Indonesia and to predict its effectiveness based on property rights theory relatedto target group characteristics. Field survey was conducted in November 2008 to April 2009 in Riau and SouthKalimantan Provinces. The results showed that from the property rights theory perspective, the land rights forHTR could be categorized as lease or management rights consisted of rights to exclude, to manage, to use, andto access, without rights to transfer and to bequeath. This suggests that the mechanism of transfer of rights from the government to the holder of IUPHHK-HTR as a temporary transfer of rights. As a result, the government needs to regulate a rigid and detailed obligation for IUPHHK-HTR holders that may not be fulfilled by the farmers. The granting of permits for a long period (up to 95 years) is predicted to lose the meanings, caused of the prohibition on inheritance of the permits. From these findings it is predicted to reduce the interest of farmers to invest in the HTR
Status and Conservation Possibilities of Papua New Guinea’s Terrestrial Mammals
Get PDFThe status of Papua New Guinea’s terrestrial mammals is revised according to their geographical distribution, life history characteristics, and current conservation plans and legislation. Considering their uniqueness and threatening factors, their appropriate management is critical to achieve sustainable development in the country. Concerning marsupial species no one has been yet domesticated, there is no organized breeding and their natural productivity is generally lower than ruminants. Their conservation status is related to their size as smaller species are usually more prolific, less conspicuous, and less preferred by hunters. Differences on evolutionary ecology between families are discussed, and recommendations are given for the assessment and further conservation of vulnerable species. Conservation programs must go alongside with rural livelihoods improvement through ecotourism, food security, and marketing of non timber forest products
Analisis Perbandingan Beberapa Skema Pinjaman untuk Pembangunan Hutan Tanaman Berbasis Masyarakat di Indonesia
Get PDFUntil recently, commercial banks are not interested in providing fund for community-based forest plantations development. Due to that, Ministry of Forestry has been implementing program providing financial access forcommunity forest plantation (HTR) development through revolving fund scheme (PDB-HTR). During 1997 – 2000 Ministry of Forestry had also developed a similar credit scheme called credit for community forest business (KUHR), but its implementation had encountered many problems. This study had compared PDB-HTR scheme and KUHR scheme to get the lessons, so that the implementation of the PDB-HTR will not suffer the same fate with KUHR. The study was carried out using narrative policy analysis approach. Research was conducted in November 2008 to April 2009 in Riau and South Kalimantan Provinces.The results showed that the scheme of PDB-HTR seems has many similarities with the KUHR scheme. From the analysis had been done there are several findings to consider for policy improvements of PDB-HTR namely: the credit scheme and its orientation, on site level organization, application procedure, dissemination/ socialization, and facilitating mechanisms
Interpretation of Soil Water Content into Dryness Index: Implication for Forest Fire Management
Get PDFForest fire research is very important for tropical regions as the current available models on forest fire predictions and control were developed based on studies conducted in dry sub-tropical forest areas. The use of dryness index (DI) based on actual soil water content for assessing fire danger in wetland ecosystem was proposed in this paper. The study site was located in South Sumatera, Indonesia and study was conducted from April 1 st 2009 to March 15 th 2011. Fire danger was categorized into 4 levels; low, medium, dry, and extreme with its margin level was determined based on soil water retention curve analysis. All DI categories occurred in 2009, however only 2 categories (low and medium) were observed in 2010 and 2011. DI reached its maximum intensity in September 2009 with an onset rate of 1.4 per day based on analysis of time intensity curve. Information of onset rate is importance for forest fire management such as for estimating when the extreme category would be reached. Therefore anticipation and prevention efforts might be prepared prior to reaching certain danger level. Information on DI might be useful for water management planning in forest plantation areas as many of them are located in wetland ecosystem
Flower Initiation, Morphology, and Developmental Stages of Flowering-Fruiting of Mindi
Get PDFThe study was aimed to determine flower initiation, floral morphology and to observe the stages of flowering and fruit development of mindi (Melia azedarch L) within a population for one period of time 2008–2009. The methods used were observing directly over the trees and some vegetatives and generatives buds were sampled for dissecting. The observation revealed that the inflorescence type of mindi was panicle, located at the end of a branch. The number of flower varied among inflorescences, ranged between 30–80 that bloomed simultaneously. The flower was hermaphroditic with position of anther was closed to stigma that selfing might be happened. Usually, the ovary contained 5 ovules that developed into seeds. Reproductive cycle was proceeded for 6–7 months within the year, first observation commenced from flower initiation that occur in August, generative buds to flower burst in September–October. Early fruits were formed in October–November and fruits reached physiological-maturity in January–February. Reproductive success was 34%, indicated that the rate of fertilized ovules proportion to be potencially viable seeds were relatively low
Forest Structure and Spesies Compotition in Taman Raya Bukit Soeharto, East Kalimantan
No full textThe species composition and forest structure of Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Soeharto - East Kalimantan were investigated using transect method through systematic sampling with random start design. During data collection,5 transects of 20 m width and 1 km length of each in Wanariset Semboja forest complex and 10 transects in Pusrehut UNMUL and Protection Forest areas were established. The study shows that species richness of trees in those three forest complexes are relatively similar, however, the regeneration stage in Pusrehut UNMUL forest complex is relatively higher than those in another two areas. Medang (Litsea firma), Acacia (Acacia sp.), and Mahang (Macaranga gigantea) are dominant tree species in Wanariset Semboja, Pusrehut UNMUL and Protection Forest areas, respectively. Mahang (M. gigantea) as pioneer species is also commonly dominated forest regeneration in Taman Hutan Raya Bukit Soeharto. Based on tree’s diameter distribution, those forests show balanced uneven-aged forests in which the large amount of trees are concentrated in the height class of 10 to 29 m. Species diversity of those forests are relatively high (H > 2.5) either for seedling, sapling, pole or tree growth stages, however, those forests show different plant communities (IS < 70 %)